英语基本句子成分讲解


英语句子千差万别,长短难易各有不同,但分析发现,每个句子都是由基本的句子成分构成。掌握了如何分析句子成分,对于我们从细节分析掌握句子的意义非常重要。那么,英语句子就有哪些成分呢?其实很简单,主要有

主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,表语等。


顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语(表语),而宾补,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。


1、主语:如果把句子比作一个人的话,主语其实就是句子的头。很显然,主语一般位于句首。(但也有特殊情况,需要倒装,就好像一个人倒立一样。例如there be结构,但这些情况不是很重要的,了解即可,千万不可为了学习这些特殊情况绞尽脑汁,而主要的知识却没学习好,那就是抓了芝麻丢了西瓜。)例如:


英语基本句子成分讲解


Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

We often speak English in class.(代词)

Two-thirds of the students in this class are boys.(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

Whether he will turn up at the meeting has not been clear.(主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language besids your mother tongue

.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

2、谓语:谓语就好比一个人的心脏,是句子的动力源泉,也是句子里面最活跃的部分。简单的说,谓语就是用来指出主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。


英语基本句子成分讲解


1)简单谓语: We study for the poor.


2)复合谓语: I can speak a little Chinese. She is reading novels. He has been to Beijing many times.


3、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后.


英语基本句子成分讲解


We like fruits.

I like to travel the world.(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

I hope(that)he is at his office.(宾语从句)

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。


He gave me some paper.


4、定语: 定语就是在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。 He is a new student.


副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后


英语基本句子成分讲解


The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.


Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

China is a developing(发展中) country; America is a developed(发达) country.(分词)

There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)

His progress(进步)in English made us surprised.(代词)

Our monitor(班长) is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)

He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.(介词短语)

5、状语: 状语就是修饰动词,形容词,副词以及整个句子的成分。状语和定语的辨析,是中学英语考试常考的内容,只要把握住“形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词,形容词,副词”就可以很轻松应付了。


英语基本句子成分讲解


He lives in Zhengzhou.

Light travels quickly.(副词)

He has taughted English in the school for ten years.(介词短语)

He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.(不定式短语)

He stayed up all night writing a paper.(分词短语)

If you work hard, you will succeed one day. (状语从句)

6、宾补: 补语一般有两种,主补和宾补,常见的就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的。也就是,没有这个宾补句子意思是不完整的。这些常接宾补的动词有:find,see,paint,name,hear,make等。


英语基本句子成分讲解


We maked him our monitor.(名词)

They painted(涂漆) their house yellow(形容词)

I found him out

.(副词)

I would like you to study science in college.(不定式短语)

I saw him playing football on the playground.(现在分词)

We found everything in the house in good order.(介词短语)

7、表语: 位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。系动词有哪些呢?很多同学比较迷惑,其实也就那么几种,主要包括:be动词,感官动词(sound听起来,taste尝起来等),以及become,get,turn等。


英语基本句子成分讲解


My wife is a nurse.

The weather will turn hot soon.(形容词)

The movie is moving.(分词)

Three times eight is twenty one?(数词)

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

She must be at home now.(介词短语)

Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

The truth is that he never loved you.(表语从句)



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