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Lesson 21
总结概括――虚拟语气
1⃣语法解读:
1.关于语气——语气和时态/语态一样,都是谓语动词的一种形式,表达说话的目的和意图,分四类:
1)陈述语气(用来陈述事实)
Our city has experienced great change.
2)疑问语气(用来提出问题)
Have you ever been to Japan?
3)祈使语气(用来发出请求/邀请/建议/命令等)
Hurry up.
Just do it.
4)虚拟语气(提出假设或表达愿望)
If I were you, I would forgive him.
I wish I could help you.
2.虚拟语气在条件句中的运用——条件句分两种:
1)真实条件句(实现的可能性很大)
If I have time, I will visit you.
If we leave now, we can still catch the bus.
2)虚拟条件句(不可能实现)
a.与现在事实相反
条件从句用:过去式,be用were;主句用should/would/could/might +动词原形
虚拟语气中,凡是用到be的地方,一律用were!
If I were you, I would forgive him.
If I knew her telephone number, I would tell you.
b.与将来事实相反
条件句用:过去式/should do/were to do;主句中用should/would/could/might do
If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him about this matter.
C.与过去事实相反
条件句用:had +过去分词;主句用should/would/could/might have done
If he had taken my advice he would not have made such a mistake.
3.虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用
1)在主语从句中的运用——it is +形容词+ that引导主语从句(谓语用should+动词原形)
It is necessary that you should size every possible chance.
It is surprising that you should not know about him.
It is a pity that you should not come to my party.
2)在宾语从句的运用——I wish that... (表达一种愿望)
I wish I were ten years younger.
I wish you had come to my party yesterday.
I wish I could study in America someday.
3)虚拟语气在表语从句中的运用(表达愿望)
His suggestion is that you should give up your current job.
He looked as if he had known the truth long time ago.
4)虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
主要是指“it is high time that...”句型中,谓语用过去式,或should do *high可以省略
It is high time that we should take actions to stop pollution.
It is high time that we took actions to stop pollution.
2⃣难点精析:
特殊条件句
1.错综时间条件句
*有些条件句的主句谓语动词和从句谓语的时间并不一致
If you had taken my advice then you wouldn't be in trouble now.
2.含蓄条件句
*有些句子不含条件从句,而是通过介词或介词短语表示(without,but for)
Without electricity, the world would be dark.
3.虚拟语气的倒装
*如果条件句中含有were,should或had,有时可将if省略,把were, should, had移到主语前
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in this examination.
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