由C.F. Møller Architects设计建造的瑞典最高木材建筑迎来了它的第一批住客。该建筑由实木材料建成，位于距离斯德哥尔摩市仅一小时车程的韦斯特罗斯（Västerås）。作为该地区地标性建筑，此建筑将成为未来可持续建筑的标准。
C.F. Møller Architects is behind Sweden’s tallest timber building, which is now accepting its first tenants. The building is made of solid timber, and is situated in Västerås, an hour from Stockholm, as a landmark for the area and a benchmark for a sustainable future.
▼项目概览，overview © Nikolaj Jakobsen
C.F. Møller Architects相信，木材的使用体现着建筑的可持续性。近年来，这家位于斯堪的纳维亚（Scandinavian）的建筑公司一直致力于在建筑中使用木材，因为木材的使用能显著减少二氧化碳排放量。同时，木构建筑也有利于室内气候的营造，为居住者带来更好的生活环境。建筑第一批及即将入住的其他住客，都非常认可这幢瑞典迄今为止最高的实木建筑。
Timber construction means sustainability, at least according to C.F. Møller Architects. In recent years the Scandinavian-based architectural company has focused on the use of timber in construction, as this can create huge CO2 savings. Buildings made of timber also have a positive effect on the indoor climate and the people living in the buildings. This is something to be welcomed by the first residents and the rest of us who are now starting to move into Sweden’s hitherto tallest solid-timber building.
▼住宅楼鸟瞰，bird-view of the apartment © Nikolaj Jakobsen
瑞典最高的木构建筑 | Sweden’s tallest timber building
该住宅建筑位于韦斯特罗斯的Kajstaden区，距离斯德哥尔摩市有一个小时车程，享有美兰湖（Lake Mälaren）的美丽景色。Kajstaden住宅楼楼高8层，建筑一楼拥有加高的层高，建筑顶楼则为双层复式。建筑物的所有结构，包括墙体，横梁，阳台，电梯及楼梯间等均由正交层板胶合木（CLT）建成。该建筑的建造由Martinsons, Bjerking 和 Consto AB合作完成，开发商为Slättö Förvaltning。
▼瑞典现有最高的木构建筑， currently Sweden’s tallest solid-timber building © Nikolaj Jakobsen
▼住宅享有美兰湖景色，the building is with beautiful views of Lake Mälaren © Nikolaj Jakobsen
The building is situated in the Kajstaden district of Västerås, an hour’s drive from Stockholm, with beautiful views of Lake Mälaren. Kajstaden Tower is 8.5 storeys high, with an elevated ground floor and a double height top floor. All parts of the building, i.e. walls, beams, balconies, lifts and stairwells, are made of cross-laminated timber. The building was developed in close collaboration with Martinsons, Bjerking and Consto AB, with Slättö Förvaltning as the client.
▼住宅立面，顶楼双层复式，double height top floor © Nikolaj Jakobsen
▼住宅一楼层高加高，double height top floor © Nikolaj Jakobsen
C.F. Møller Architects 的合伙人Ola Jonsson 表示：“Kajstaden住宅将揭开建筑历史的新篇章，因为它是瑞典目前最高的实木建筑。通过不断的研究并结合其他木构项目的经验，我们始终专注于创新，致力于探索木构高层建筑的建造策略。木工技术为建筑师提供了良好的基础，帮助我们设计出美观且精致的好建筑。”
“The building in Kajstaden constitutes a new chapter in the history of construction, as it is currently Sweden’s tallest solid-timber building. Through research projects and our other timber projects we have focused on innovation and contributed towards developing ways of realising high-rise buildings made of timber. Industrial timber technology also provides architects with better tools for designing beautiful houses that boast a high degree of detail,” says Ola Jonsson, associate partner at C.F. Møller Architects.
▼建筑立面精致的细节，façade that boast a high degree of detail © Nikolaj Jakobsen
▼木质阳台，balcony made of timber © Nikolaj Jakobsen
木材的诸多优势 | Timber has a number of advantages
木材拥有诸多优势：一方面木材是可再生资源，另一方面木构建筑的能源及碳排放量较低。利用CNC（数控技术）研磨实木再胶合生产木材是一种高精度的加工技术，它能够生产出不用添加其他材料的气密性墙体，节能在这一过程中得到实现。木材较轻的自重也降低了材料的运输次数，从而在施工期间创造了更安全，安静，高效的工作环境。Kajstaden住宅楼每层被分为四个公寓，每层楼平均耗费四个工匠三天的时间建造完成。结构的衔接采用了机械接头和螺钉，使得建筑可以被拆分，建筑材料可以回收再利用。
The advantages include the fact that timber is a renewable raw material, and the fact that buildings made of solid timber have very low energy and carbon footprints. Use of CNC-milled solid timber and glulam constitutes a high-precision technology and provides an airtight – and thus energy-efficient – building without adding other materials to the walls. The low weight of timber also means fewer deliveries to the construction site and thus a safer, quieter and more efficient working environment during construction. In the building in Kajstaden there are four flats on each floor, and each floor has taken four craftsmen an average of three days to put together. Mechanical joints and screws have been used, which means that the building can later be taken apart and the materials can be reused.
▼建造中的住宅楼，building under construction © C.F. Moller Architects
C.F. Møller Architects 的可持续性工程师Rob Marsh 说到：“木材技术为建造的每个环节都赋予了生物循环方向的新价值，对于实现基于生物的循环经济至关重要。在建筑物的整个生命周期中，用实木代替混凝土可降低总计550吨的二氧化碳排放量。”
“Wood technology facilitates a value-adding lifecycle perspective in all stages of construction and is crucial to the goal of a bio-based circular economy. The total carbon-dioxide savings from use of solid wood instead of concrete are estimated at 550 tonnes of CO2 over the building’s life,” says Rob Marsh, sustainability manager at C.F. Møller Architects
▼可持续性策略，sustainable strategy © C.F. Moller Architects
木材是可持续性发展不可或缺的一部分 | Timber is part of a sustainable future
目前，C.F. Møller Architects参与了位于瑞典及英国总面积达100000平方米的木构建筑项目。事务所希望将这些项目作为行业典范，分享他们使用木材的建造经验，推动建筑业向更持续化的方向发展。“我们很高兴看到越来越多的建筑开始使用木材建造。城镇中越来越多的可持续性建筑将为我们生存的星球带来积极的影响。”Ola Jonsson表示，“C.F. Møller Architects希望对木构建筑的发展做出贡献。事务所已参与斯堪的那维亚乃至全球性可持续建筑领域的各种项目及系统建设，旨在与世界分享事务所及合作伙伴的建造经验。”
C.F. Møller Architects is currently engaged in construction projects across a total area of 100,000 m2 with a focus on the use of solid timber in Sweden and the UK, and hopes to be able to help push the construction industry in a more sustainable direction by realising these projects as good examples and sharing its knowledge of building with timber. “We’re delighted that more and more timber buildings are to be built. It’s the total critical mass of sustainable buildings in our towns and cities that will be crucial to the attainment of a positive impact on our planet. C.F. Møller hopes to be an important contributor to the development of timber construction and is involved in various development projects and networks in the field of sustainable construction in Scandinavia and internationally, its aim being to share its knowledge and what it has learnt from its colleagues,” says Ola Jonsson.
▼住宅区远眺，overlook of the community © Nikolaj Jakobsen
提升木构建筑影响力 | Increased focus on building with timber
C.F. Møller Architects设计的住宅属于北欧木构高层建筑系统的一部分，该系统旨在传播如何将木材用于建筑建造及木材可持续性特征的有关知识。该计划由丹麦技术学院副主任Peter Fynholm主持。“目前，我们比以往任何时候都更加关注木构建筑。尽管北欧乃至世界范围内都在广泛使用木材建造公寓建筑，但木材仍是很难被选做高层建筑的建造材料。很可惜，在建筑行业这样会对气候产生 巨大影响的行业中，可再生资源的利用潜力尚未得到很好的开发。” Peter Fynholm说到。
Peter补充道：“然而，使行业使用木材并了解其所带来的新机遇，并不是一件容易的事情。因此，从例如位于韦斯特罗斯的Kajstaden住宅项目中吸取经验，变得至关重要。我们建立北欧木构高层建筑系统的初衷之一即促进这类经验交流。”
▼规整的木制结构，timber structure © Nikolaj Jakobsen
One of the networks of which C.F. Møller Architects is part is the Nordic Network for Tall Wood Buildings, which seeks to disseminate knowledge of how wood can be used for construction and its sustainability features. The network is headed by Dane, Peter Fynholm, who is also deputy director of the Danish Technological Institute. “We’re currently experiencing a greater focus on building with timber than ever before, but whilst blocks of flats are currently being built in timber in the Nordic countries and worldwide, when it comes to tall buildings, timber is far from being the natural choice within the construction industry. It’s annoying, as there’s untapped potential in the use of a renewable resource in an industry that affects the climate as much as the construction industry does,” says Peter Fynholm.
▼正交层板胶合木（CLT）结构，cross-laminated timber principle detail © C.F. Moller Architects
He continues: “It’s not, however, an easy task getting the industry to adopt and understand the new opportunities that timber presents. It’s therefore crucial that we learn from our experiences, e.g. what we’ve learnt from Kajstaden in Västerås. We can thereby continue to build on our experiences. One of our reasons for establishing the Nordic Network for Tall Wood Buildings is to facilitate this exchange of experiences,” says Peder Fynholm.
▼木构建筑建造细节，construction detail. © C.F. Moller Architects
▼建筑室内，木构建筑也有利于室内气候的营造，为居住者带来更好的生活环境。Interior view， buildings made of timber also have a positive effect on the indoor climate and the people living in the buildings. © Nikolaj Jakobsen
▼夜色中的住宅楼，community at night © Nikolaj Jakobsen
▼住宅平面，master plan © C.F. Moller Architects
▼住宅轴侧，axonometric drawing © C.F. Moller Architects
▼住宅立面，axonometric drawing © C.F. Moller Architects
▼建筑平面，plan © C.F. Moller Architects
▼建筑立面，elevation drawing © C.F. Moller Architects
▼建筑剖面，section drawing © C.F. Moller Architects
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