主谓一致的概念
主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这种一致关系常由3种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则
语法一致原则
语法一致原则指谓语动词与主语的单复数在形式上保持一致
1、主语加
with / as well as
without / including
besides / except
not / together 时
谓语动词要与主语的单复数在形式上保持一致，而与插入成分无关
All the teachers, including Miss Li, are going to a meeting.
所有的老师包括李小姐都要去开会。
No one except the two boys was late for class.
除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。
2、当 and 或 both…and… 连接两个或多个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
Tom and Mike are good friends.
汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.
露西和莉莉都是学生。
3、不定代词 either
neither，each one
the one，another
anybody，anything
someone，somebody
something，everyone
everybody，everything
nobody，no one
nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
Is there anything wrong with your bike?
你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.
家都为运动会做好了准备。
4、用 one，every one
each one，any one
each，either
neither 等 + of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
Every one of the students is studying hard.
每个学生都在用功读书。
Neither of the girls is pretty.
这两个女孩都不漂亮。
5、不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式
To teach is to learn.
教学相长。
Playing with fire is dangerous.
玩火危险。
6、由 some ( of )
plenty of, a lot of
lots of, most ( of )
the rest ( of )
all ( of ) , half ( of )
分数或百分数等+of+名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词常与 of 后的名词保持的一致
如果所修饰的是可数名词，则谓语动词用复数
如果所修饰的是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数
Most of the students in our class were for the plan.
我们班多数学生赞成逮个计划。
Most of the water in the lake has been polluted by the factory.
大部分湖水被这个工厂污染了。
7、表示成双成套的名词
trousers，shoses
glassese，compasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数
His trousers are dirty. They need washing.
他的裤子很脏，需要洗涤。
My glasses were broken.
我的眼镜坏了。
注意：
如果这类词被 a pair / two pairs 修饰，谓语要和 pair 的形式保持一致
This pair of compasses was made in Beijing.
这副圆规是北京制造的。
Five pairs of shoes have been sold out in the morming.
早晨卖出去了五双鞋。
8、由 a kind of，this kind of
many kinds of 以及由与 kind 意义相似的 type，sort 等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与 of 前名词保持的一致
A kind of birds has been discovered by them.
他们发现了一种鸟。
9、在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致
There comes the bus.
汽车过来了。
Such were his words.
这就是他的原话。
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