Unit1 How can we become good learners?
一、知识要点：
1. by reading the textbook
①by + doing意为：“通过……方式”，译成“靠、通过”，后接名词或v+ing形式。该结构在句子作方式状语，用于回答与方式有关的how引导的特殊疑问句。
通过制作单词卡片 by making word kards
通过向老师求助 by asking the teacher for help
通过读教材 by reading the textbook
通过听磁带 by listening to tapes
通过小组学习 by working with a group
通过看录像 by watching videos
②by+ 交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定词） by bike by train
③另外，by作为介词的意义还很多，我们也学过一些用法，总结如下：
1） 在……旁边；靠近：There is a power station by the river.
2） 沿着；经由：come by the highway由公路来
3） 由于：by mistake 由于差错
4） 被；由：some articles written by Lu Xun 一些由鲁迅写的文章
By构成的短语：
by the way 顺便问一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 错误地 one by one 一个接一个 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐渐地
by the time 到……为止 by oneself 独自地 by and by 不久之后
by hand 用手 by the end of 到….... 末尾
③by/with/in/on “用” 的不同用法
◆with 的用法：表示用某种工具
(1) with +工具 We like to write with a pen.
(2)with+人体部位 We see with our eyes.
◆in 的用法：通常与“衣着、声音、书写材料”等名称连用
in+语言 in English 用英语 speak in a soft voice
◆on 的用法： on +电器或媒介 on TV /radio/Internet
④watch/read/see/look at “看”的用法：
(1)看电视、看比赛、看表演用watch watch TV 看电视
(2)看书、看报、看杂志用read read the book看书
(3)看电影、看医生用see see the doctor 看医生
(4) 看黑板、看地图用look at look at the blackboard 看黑板
2. by asking the teacher for help
ask for请求；要求；向…要…，需要： ask sb for sth 向某人要，向某人要某物
He asked me politely for the book. 他彬彬有礼地向我要那本书。
ask for要求见(某人)；(通过询问来)寻找(某人)，找(人)
Did anyone ask for me? 有人来找过我吗?
ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事
(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助
(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事
3. Does anyone learn English by watching videos?
learn →learned/learnt→learned/learnt v 学习 learn about 了解
(1) learn from sb. 向某人学习 We should learn from each other.
(2) learn to do sth 学着做某事
(3)learn …by oneself= teach oneself 自学
4、Do you have conversations with friends in English？
have conversations with sb与某人交谈
I often have conversations with John over the telephone. 我经常通过电话和约翰交。
5. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
1）用于提建议的句型有：
(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样？
(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？
(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。
(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗？
(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事
(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗？
(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？
(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？
回答：
(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用：
◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意 ◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了
◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意 ◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法
◆ No problem 没问题 ◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以
◆Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想
(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：
◆ I don’t think so 我认为不是这样 ◆Sorry, I can’t 对不起，我不能
◆I‟d love to, but… ◆ I‟m afraid…我愿意，但恐怕……
2） aloud/loud/loudly
(1) aloud adv “大声地、出声地” ，指出声能让人听见，但声音不大
read aloud 大声朗读
(2) loudly adv 作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等连用。强调声音高，喧叫“响亮地”
Speak loudly, please. I can’t hear you clearly.
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.
3） practice v 练习 practice doing sth 练习做某事
finish doing sth ，enjoy doing sth , mind doing sth , give in doing sth ,
can’t help doing sth
4）pronounce v 发音 → pronunciation n 发音
Please tell me how to pronounce the word.
What’s the pronunciation of the word “text”?
6 . I do that sometimes . I think it helps.
some time /sometime/some times/sometimes
【口诀】：分开是一段， 合起是某时； 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时
(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，
(3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.
(4)sometimes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）
7. It’s too hard to understand spoken English.
too…to… 太….而不能….（表示否定） too +adj./adv原级+to do sth
He’s too short to reach that apple.他太矮了，而不能够到那个苹果。
Tom runs too slowly to catch the early bus. Tom跑的太慢了，而不能赶上早班公交车。
so… that…如此……以至于（表示肯定）
The boy is too young to go on his own.
The boy is so young that he can’t go on his own.
8. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
the +比较级， the+ 比较级” “ 越……,就越……”
The harder you study, the better result you will get.
9. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?
find → found →found v寻找 ，发现
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难
10、What is the secret to language learning？
to 介词“属于，归于”
the secret to success 成功的秘诀
the key to the house 房屋的钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the ticket to the football game 足球赛门票
11. But I was afraid to ask questions because my pronunciation was very bad.
be afraid to 害怕去做某事
(1)be afraid of sth/doing sth 害怕做某事（担心出现某种不良后果）
(2)be afraid to do sth 害怕去做…（“怕” 或 “不敢”去做某事）
(3)be afraid +that 恐怕…（用于礼貌地表达可能令人不愉快的消息）
(4) 回答别人的提问时， 可用省略形式I’m afraid so(not).
The girl was afraid to go across the bridge, for she was afraid of falling down from it.
12. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie!
①fall/be in love with 喜好、喜爱、恋爱
I fell in love with this house.我喜欢上了这个房子。
They fell in love with each other.他们彼此相爱了。
fall构成的短语：fall into 落入 fall off 跌落 fall down 倒下 fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病
②excite→ exciting/excited 兴奋的 be excited about对…感到兴奋
surprise→surprising/surprised 吃惊的 be surprised at 对…感到吃惊
relax →relaxed /relaxing adj. 令人放松的 be relaxed about 对……感到放松
bore → bored/boring adj. 令人厌烦的
interest→interesting/interested 有趣的 be interested in 对…感兴趣
注意：以—ing结尾的adj. 常用来作定语或表语，修饰物。
以—ed结尾的adj.用来表示情绪，常做表语，修饰人
13. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked up the words in a dictionary
look up 查找(跟代词作宾语，代词放中间)
look构成的短语： look after 照顾 look like 看起来像 look out 当心，小心
look through 浏览 look for 寻找 look forward to 期待
look around 向四周看 have/ take a look 看一看 look over 检查
14. I can’t understand spoken English.
speak→ spoke → spoken v 说
【注】部分动词的过去分词也可做该词的形容词：
spoken 口语的 broken 坏掉的 written 写作的
spoken English 英语口语 written English 书面英语
15. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed
“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语（what to do后可不跟宾语，how to do 后必须跟宾语）
know（知道），tell(告诉) wonder（想知道） ask(问) find out (发现) learn (学会)+ what , which, when, where, how+（to do）
I don’t know how to use commas.我不知道如何使用逗号。
—We can use QQ to communicate with each other online.
—Good. Will you please show me how to use it.
16. I make mistakes in grammar
make mistakes 犯错（误） make mistakes in 在某方面犯错 by mistake 错误地
make构成的短语：
make the bed 整理床铺 make face 做鬼脸 make a living 谋生
make friends 交朋友 make fun of = laugh at 取笑 make money 赚钱
17、Everyone is born with the ability to learn.
be born with天生具有
He is born with what he needs to win at life他生来就是要为了在人生中获得成功。
The kid is born with painting talent这个小孩子有绘画方面的天赋。
18、But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.
depend on依靠、依赖
We shouldn't always depend on our parents 我们不应该总是依赖我们的父母亲!
19. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time.
①It’s + adj.(easy, difficult, important, hard, necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth
句中形容词表示事物特征的，如：easy ,difficult, hard ,important等，须用介词for
It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.
句子中形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如：good ,kind ,nice, wrong等，用介词of
②pay attention to 对……注意（后接名词、v+ing）
Please pay attention to taking care of your baby. 请注意照顾好你的小孩.
20. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more.
think about 想起，考虑 think of 想到，认为 think over 仔细考虑
21. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it.
even though=even if “即使，尽管” 引导让步状语从句 ，注意用力even though，不能再用but。
Even though she was a girl ,she could do a lot of housework to help her mother.
三、重点短语：
1. . ask sb. for help 请求某人的帮助 2. read the textbook 读课文
3. improve one’s speaking skills 提髙某人说的能力 4. spoken English 英语口语
5. get the main ideas 抓住主题 6. make word cards 制作单词卡片
7. listen to tapes 听磁带 8. read word by word 逐字逐句地读
9. be patient 耐心点儿 10. the secret to language learning 语言学习的诀转
11. be afraid to do sth.不敢'做某事 12. fall in love with.. . 爱上
13. body language 肢体语言 14. look them up in a dictionary 在词典里查阅它们
15. take notes 记笔记 16. memorize sentence patterns 记句型
17. make mistakes in grammar 犯语法错误 18. learning habits 学习习惯
19. have sth. in common 有.......共同,点 20. pay attention to 注意 21. get bored 变得无聊
22. connect… with. ….把.......与.......联系起来 23. write down key words 摘抄重点词
24. after class 课后25. be interested in… 对....感兴趣 26. in class 在课堂上
27. do sth. on one’s own 独立做某事 28. do sth. bit by bit 慢慢地做某事
29. do sth. over and over again 一遍又一遍地做某事 3 0. worry about. , 为.......而担忧
31. depend on 依赖；取决于 32.Practce makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 33. the ability to learn 学习能力
四、重点句型：
1. What about listening to tapes? 听磁带怎么样？
2. How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试而学习的？
3. I study by making word cards. 我通过制作单词卡片来学习。
4. Have you ever studied with a group? 你曾经参加过学习小组吗？
5. It’s too hard to understand spoken English. 英语口语太难懂了。
6. The more you read, the faster you’ll be. 你的阅读量越大，你的阅读速度就能提髙得越快。 7. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English? 为什么魏芬觉得学英语很难？
8. I don’ t know how to increase my reading speed. 我不知道如何提高我的阅读速度。
9. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. 即使你某样东西学得很好，但是如果你不用它，你也会忘掉的。
五、 交际用语
1. Well, be patient. It takes time.耐心点儿！这需要时间的。
2. That doesn’t sound too bad.那听起来不是很糟糕。
3. —Have you ever studied with a group?你曾经参加过学习小组吗？
—Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.是的，我参加过。我已经通过那种方式学到了不少(东西）。
4. How do you study for a test?你怎样为考试而学习的？
—I study by working with a group. 我通过小组合作的方式来学习。
5. It’s a piece of cake.小菜一碟/太容易了！
6.1 need your help.我需要你的帮助。
7.Use it or lose it.
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