The UK just gave the car industry 15 years to ditch fossil fuels
英國要求汽車產業15年內拋棄化石燃料
（比亞迪與英國著名巴士製造商Alexander Dennis（ADL）為英國北部最大城市格拉斯哥交付的純電動單層大巴）
Britain will ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars from 2035 — five years earlier than planned — heaping pressure on an auto industry that is already struggling to cope with a global sales slump and the fallout from Brexit.
英國將從2035年起禁止銷售新型汽油和柴油車，這比原計劃提前了五年。這將給本已疲於應對全球銷量下滑和英國脫歐影響的汽車行業帶來更大壓力。
"It''''s extremely concerning that government has seemingly moved the goalposts for consumers and industry on such a critical issue," Mike Hawes, the chief executive of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, said in a statement. "With current demand for this still expensive technology still just a fraction of sales, it''''s clear that accelerating an already very challenging ambition will take more than industry investment."
美國汽車製造商與貿易商協會首席執行官邁克·霍斯在一份聲明中表示：“政府似乎已經在這樣一個關鍵問題上改變了消費者和行業的目標，這非常令人擔憂。鑑於目前對這種仍然昂貴的技術的需求仍只佔銷售的一小部分，很明顯，加速一項已經非常具有挑戰性的雄心需要的不僅僅是行業投資。”
The new commitment puts the United Kingdom in a group of countries leading the phase out of cars powered by fossil fuels. Norway wants all new passenger cars and vans sold in the country to be zero-emission vehicles by 2025, and India has called for new cars sold there to be powered by electricity by 2030.
這項新的承諾使英國成為率先逐步淘汰化石燃料汽車的國家之一。挪威希望在該國銷售的所有新乘用車和麵包車到2025年成為零排放汽車，而印度則要求在2030年之前在該國銷售的新車都使用電力驅動。
Rebecca Newsom, Greenpeace UK Head of Politics, said in a statement that phasing out the internal combustion engine in the United Kingdom would have to happen even sooner, by 2030 at the latest, in order to give the country a chance of hitting its climate targets.
綠色和平組織英國政治主管麗貝卡·紐森在一份聲明中表示，為了給英國一個實現其氣候目標的機會，英國最遲必須在2030年之前逐步淘汰內燃機。
Even meeting the 2035 goal would require a complete transformation of the UK car market. The number of battery-powered electric vehicles sold last year in Britain grew by 144%, but sales still only made up less than 2% of the total. Hybrids, which would also be banned under the new policy in 2035, made up roughly 8% of total vehicle sales.
即使要實現2035年的目標，也需要英國汽車市場的徹底轉型。去年，英國電池驅動的電動汽車銷量增長了144%，但銷量僅佔總銷量的不到2%。混合動力汽車約佔總汽車銷量的8%。根據2035年的新政策，混合動力汽車也將被禁止。
Brexit is likely to continue to stoke uncertainty.
英國脫歐可能會繼續加劇不確定性。
The global automakers who have built factories in the country fear the year could end without Britain having agreed a new trade deal with the European unx. That would snarl their supply chains, disrupt production and erode profit margins that are already razor thin.
在英國建廠的全球汽車製造商擔心，今年英國可能還是無法與歐盟達成新的貿易協議。這將擾亂他們的供應鏈，擾亂生產，侵蝕本已微薄的利潤率。
評論翻譯：
sw04ca
Well, as long as the government is going to support the electrical infrastructure to set this up, it''''s not the worst thing. With it''''s relatively warm climate and dense population, the UK is a great place for electric cars.
好吧，只要政府支持電力基礎設施的建設，這就不是最糟糕的事情。英國氣候相對溫暖，人口密集，是電動車的好去處。
emmabrggs
first time i’ve ever heard the U.K. be described as having “a relatively warm climate”
我長這麼大第一次聽到英國被形容為“氣候相對溫暖”
Sinarum
UK winters are warm compared to even East Asian countries. I just googled and Beijing is -6C right now, Seoul is -12C, and Pyongyang is -14C.
英國的冬天甚至比東亞國家還暖和。我剛剛用谷歌搜索了一下，北京現在是零下6度，首爾是零下12度，平壤是零下14度。
Taintsmellslikeramen
Pyongyang is never cold, because the dear leader will always keep us warm
平壤從來都不冷，因為敬愛的領袖將永遠溫暖我們
CorneliusAlphonse
Yep. Compared to North America, UK winters and summers are both mild, elevation changes are gradual, and distances driven are much lower. Battery packs can be much smaller and remain suitable.
是的。與北美相比，英國的冬季和夏季氣候溫和，海拔變化緩慢，行駛距離也低得多。電池組可以更小，並保持適合。
BenTVNerd
Plus I believe soon EVs will be able to get a full charge in minutes. Sure it won''''t be as fast as getting a full tank of fuel but still very fast.
另外，我相信電動車很快就能在幾分鐘內充滿電。當然不會像加滿油那麼快，但還是很快。
streusel_kuchen
I don''''t think EVs will be able to charge in minutes, but I do think battery swapping technology will become more feasible. I think the biggest problem is in the charging efficiency of LiPo batteries.
Assuming a 90% charge efficiency, 10% of the capacity of the battery will be discharged as heat during the charging process. A tesla contains about 0.31MJ of energy, so charging it up wastes about 30kJ, which is a lot of energy to dissipate in a short amount of time without damaging something.
That said it''''s entirely possible some new technology will come around and replace LiPo, but I''''m not so sure about it.
我不認為電動汽車能在幾分鐘內充電，但我認為電池交換技術將變得更加可行。我認為最大的問題是鋰電池的充電效率。
假設充電效率為90%，那麼在充電過程中，電池容量的10%將作為熱量排出。一輛特斯拉大約包含0.31MJ的能量，所以充電會浪費大約30kJ的能量，這是在短時間內消耗掉的大量能量，而且不會損壞東西。
也就是說，完全有可能會出現一些新技術來取代鋰聚合物電池，但我不太確定。
The_upper_farm
I''''m all for transitioning to electric cars but i have so many concerns about how much infrastructure is needed to make them as convenient as traditional cars. For example i live in an apartment and don''''t have a way to charge an electric car if i really wanted to buy one. I''''m curious about other hurdles like this.
我完全支持向電動汽車過渡，但我非常擔心需要多少基礎設施才能讓電動汽車像傳統汽車一樣方便。例如，我住在公寓裡，如果我真的想買一輛電動車，那我沒有辦法給它充電。我對其他類似的更換阻礙也很好奇。
Pallavtasse
Almost supermarkets in the UK have electric charging points already.
Don''''t know why you''''re talking about this as a future idea.
在英國，幾乎所有超市都已經有了充電樁。
我不知道你為什麼還要把這個作為未來的幻想。
ezaroo1
A decent number supermarkets around big cities and the south of england* - let’s not make us sound like electric car utopia we aren’t even close to that level of infrastructure.
I’d go as far as to say every town has a couple...
It’s definitely not a thing in 80% of Scotland, and I would imagine pretty rare in the north of England and Wales although I haven’t been looking recently - but anywhere outside a city you’re going to struggle.
Even around Glasgow there aren’t that many supermarkets with charging facilities - I can’t actually think of any but I’m sure there must be... There are a few at supermarkets in Edinburgh and Dundee though.
在大城市和英格蘭南部有相當數量的超市——讓我們不要把我們自己說成是電動汽車烏托邦，我們甚至還沒有接近那個水平的基礎設施。
我想說，每個城市都有一些……
但在蘇格蘭80%的地方絕對沒有這種情況，我想在英格蘭北部和威爾士也很少見，雖然我最近沒去找過，但在城市以外的任何地方你都會在找充電樁時遇到困難。
即使在格拉斯哥附近也沒有那麼多超市有充電設施——我實在想不出有什麼，但我肯定有……不過在愛丁堡和鄧迪的超市也有一些。
the_little_stinker
Street light chargers on the existing infrastructure are not really feasible, most street lights use very little power and are fed from small cables over much longer distances than your average domestic supply
在現有基礎設施上安裝路燈充電器並不是真正可行的，大多數路燈只需要很少的電力，而且由小電纜供電，比普通的家庭供電要差得多
Metaplayer
As someone hoping that other countries in Europe will follow suit, I guess it is a good start. Britain is a huge economy in Europe and at the same time the auto industry is not as large as for example Germany, France and Spain. Britain could set the standard without risking quite as much
有人希望歐洲其他國家也能效仿，我想這是一個好的開始。英國在歐洲是一個巨大的經濟體，但同時汽車工業也沒有德國、法國和西班牙那麼大。英國可以在不冒同樣大風險的情況下設定這一標準
chessmerkin
Its not like there still wont be second hand petrol cars on the road 30 years down.
這並不是說30年後的今天，馬路上就不會再有二手汽油車了。
DanielSank
Yeah but if you''''re a car manufacturer you want to sell, and if you can only legally sell electric then you''''re going to sell electric. Meanwhile the price of those second hand gas cars will continue to go up.
是的，但是如果你是一個想賣車的汽車製造商，如果你只能合法地賣電動車，那麼你就會去賣電動車。但與此同時，這些二手汽油汽車的價格將繼續上漲。
Lichewitz
Holy shit, if this actually happens, this is huge! I hope that they realize the amount of investment and research will need to be done in other, cleaner energy sources for this to happen, though
天啊，如果真的做到了，那就太NB了！不過，我希望他們意識到，要實現這一目標，還需要在其他更清潔的能源領域進行大量的投資和研究
Virtural_boi
My only problem with this is what''''s going to happen to all the gas cars? Do we throw them away? I''''d think it''''d be better for the environment and people to be able to take their existing car, and just, convert it into an electric car. Waaayy better than having to somehow dispose of hundreds of millions of gas cars.
我唯一的問題就是所有的汽油車會怎麼樣？我們要把它們扔掉嗎？我認為把現有的汽車改裝成電動汽車對環境和人們都有好處。這總比處理數億輛汽油車要好。
ivan3dx
I don''''t think transforming a gas car into an electric car is possible. I didn''''t read the article to be honest, but maybe they just prohibit the manufacture (or import) of NEW gas cars, but allow old users to use and resell their own gas cars?
我認為把一輛汽油車改裝成電動汽車是不可能的。說實話，我並沒有讀到這篇文章，但也許他們只是禁止製造（或進口）新的汽油車，而允許老用戶使用和轉售他們自己的汽油車？
LoveAGlassOfWine
Yes the idea is to warn people now, so they can think about what kind of car they buy in the future and to prepare the car industry.
There will still be petrol and diesel cars on the road here for years I imagine.
是的，我們的想法是現在就警告人們，這樣他們就可以考慮將來買什麼樣的車，為汽車工業做準備。
我想，未來幾年，這裡的路上還會有汽油和柴油車。
gratow62
I also hope these governments are drawing up plans for what is happening to all the spare petrol cars that will exist at that time. The world is starting to look a lot like Terminator movie and I thought it was fiction.
我還希望這些政府正在制定計劃，以應對屆時將存在的所有備用汽油車的狀況。世界看起來越來越像《終結者》電影了，我原來還以為那是虛構的呢。
LoveAGlassOfWine
They''''re just going to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars. There will still be plenty of them on the road for probably 10 years or so after that, depending on when the public stop buying them.
他們將禁止銷售新的汽油和柴油車。在那之後的10年左右的時間裡，仍然會有很多這樣的車在路上行駛，這取決於公眾什麼時候停止購買。
sum_force
Much too slow. Make it 5 years. No new car in 5 years may use fossil fuel. That''''s not even particularly challenging a goal. Maybe after 1 year still allow it but tax it heavily and use the revenue for carbon offset. After 2 years, straight out ban.
太緩慢了。五年就淘汰吧。五年內任何新車不得使用化石燃料。這甚至不是一個特別具有挑戰性的目標。也許一年後仍然允許買，但是要徵收重稅，用稅收來抵消碳排放。兩年後，直接禁止。
roachstr0099G
Go UK!
幹吧，英國！
ElleRisalo
But I was told the Tories were climate deniers and opposed to taking steps to reduce emissions.
但有人告訴我，保守黨否認氣候變化，反對採取措施減少排放。
ElleRisalo
Most Petro fired vehicles last 10+ years off the line. Most financing is based on a 60 month payment schedule.
5 years to pay out. 10 year life expectancy...leaves 5 years where one can save for an E vehicle.
The next 5 years are there for people to pay off those financings.
Doing it all in 5 years is basically asking the entire general public to take on a new vehicle loan within the next 5 years. Or dont drive.
That''''s just retarded
大多數燃油汽車可以使用10年以上。大多數融資是基於一個60個月的付款時間表。
5年付清。10年預期壽命……還有5年的時間可以攢錢買一輛電動汽車。
未來5年，人們需要償還這些貸款。
如果在5年內完成這一切，基本上就是要求所有的普通大眾在未來5年內接受一項新的汽車貸款。或者不開車。
這就是弱智的做法
LoveAGlassOfWine
Electric cars are really expensive at the moment. My car is 11 years old and will most likely die within the next 5. I can afford a new used car but probably not an electric one.
I guess this balances what''''s realistic for the average person with what we need to do for the environment.
I do think 10 years would probably be enough though.
現在電動汽車真的很貴。我的車已經用了11年了，很可能在5年內就會報廢。我買得起一輛新二手車，但可能買不起電動汽車。
我想這個期限平衡了普通人的現實和我們需要為環境做的事情。
不過我認為10年可能就足夠了。
feedayeen
It''''s a really good question, even from the perspective of wanting to get emissions as low as possible quickly there''''s some reasons why a rapid switch just isn''''t very practical. It takes years to do major production and economic changes like transitioning a nation and industry:
Manufacturing lines have already been built, it takes years to design new facilities and electric cars have enough unique components to make it a non-trivial task.
Production of essential components like batteries need to ramp up more and this also requires more facilities.
The technology is just now reaching the point where midrange and markets are viable. Even of new prices don''''t drop, a used market is slowly growing to cover the lower end but that takes time.
We need to expand other infrastructure to support the chargers, power distribution, and recycling of the e-waste.
這是一個很好的問題，即使從想要儘快降低排放的角度來看，也有一些原因說明快速的轉變是不太實際的。生產和經濟上的重大變化需要數年時間，比如國家和產業的轉型：
1、生產線已經建成，設計新設施需要數年時間，電動汽車有足夠多獨特的部件，使之成為一項重要的任務。
2、電池等關鍵部件的生產需要加大力度，這也需要更多的設備。
3、該技術目前剛剛達到中檔和市場可行的程度。即使新車價格沒有下降，二手市場也在緩4、慢增長，以覆蓋低端市場，但這需要時間。
我們還需要擴展其他基礎設施來支持充電樁、電力分配和電子垃圾的回收。
MacaqueOfTheNorth
This makes no sense. You still have to burn fossil fuels to produce the electricity, and electric cars are less energy efficient than cars that run on gasoline.
這毫無道理。你仍然需要燃燒化石燃料來發電，而且電動汽車的能源效率比使用汽油的汽車要低。
Helicase21[S]
that''''s just untrue
不是這樣的
Truckerontherun
Nice try, but the only electricity that appears out of thin air is lightning. If you want all the cars in England electric, you''''ll need to double the generation and transmission capacity of the current grid. That means a lot more wind, solar, nuclear, lines, transformers, digging, rigging, and all the other things to make this happen. If you want this to happen, the taxes better go up now so the infrastructure can get built
做得不錯，但從空氣中憑空產生的電力只有閃電。如果你想讓所有的汽車都使用英國電力公司的產品，你需要將現有電網的發電和輸電能力提高一倍。這意味著更多的風能、太陽能、核能、電線、變壓器、施工、電纜和所有其他的東西來實現這一目標。如果你想要這一切發生，最好現在就提高稅收，這樣基礎設施才能建設起來
Japspec
As a car enthusiast, I disapprove.
作為一個汽車愛好者，我不贊成。
nodakakak
So motorcycles are not a thing in the UK after 15 years...?
那麼15年後，摩托車在英國就不存在了？
MeGrendel
So, I start investing in new cars now, prep them and put them in long term storage. Starting in 20 years I sell zero-mile ‘used’ cars for shitloads. Win-win.
所以，我現在開始投資購買新車，為它們保養，並把它們放在倉庫里長期保存。從20年後，我開始賣零行駛里程的“二手”車。雙贏。
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