定语和定语从句的翻译练习(2)及英语句子的基本结构

英语的句子,最基本的就是简单句

  1. 谁做什么。(主谓/主谓宾)
  2. 谁是什么。(主系表)
  3. 谁是怎样的。(主系表)


定语和定语从句的翻译练习(2)及英语句子的基本结构

举例就是:

The boy does his homework.

He is a student.

He is hardworking.

英语的句子怎么就变那么长了呢?

一、因为两个简单句被and,or,but,so 等并列在一起了,即所谓并列句。比如:

He is a student,and he is hardworking.

二、(1)因为句中的主语、宾语、表语不是单词或短语,而是句子,即所谓主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。这样的句子被称其为复合句。比如:

What he gave us (主语从句)is (系)just what we want.(表语)

他给我们的东西

我们需要的东西。

The boy did what I had wanted to do.(宾语从句)

那个男孩子做了我们原来想做的事。

(2)原来简单句中的做主语、宾语、表语

的名词带了一个短语或句子做定语,这样的句子便是定语从句。

The boy standing at the door (定语)is the one from Beijing.(定语)

站在门口的男孩子是从北京来的那个。

The boy who is standing at the door (定语)is the one that I met in Beijing.(定语)

站在门口的男孩子是我在北京见到的那个。

(3)主句前或后带了状语,如果是句子,便是状语从句。

I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before

.(状语)

我知道如何点燃篝火,因为我曾经做过。

来,我们一起做一些翻译练习。先看原句,自己分析,然后看解析和翻译。

1.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people ,leading to them becoming more isolated and are in active.

简单的主谓➕宾语从句,

定语和定语从句的翻译练习(2)及英语句子的基本结构


研究(主语)表明(谓语),放弃开车(主语)(系)老年人的(定语)健康和幸福感(定语)下降的(定语)主要原因(定语)中的一个原因(表语),(它)导致老年人更孤立隔绝、更消极(状语)。(宾语从句)

这个句子作者主要想说的是:

“研究表明了一个事情。”

这个事情就是:

“放弃开车是一个原因。”

其它是很多定语和状语。

2.For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence , giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.

For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country(定语) ,(状语)driving(主语)is(系动词)important(表语)for preserving their independence , (状语)giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others(定语).(状语)

对于很多老年人来,特别是单独住或者住在农村的(定语)老人来说,开车(主语)对于他们保持独立性(状语)是重要的(表语),(这)就给了他们不必依靠别人就可以出去走动走动的(定语)自由。(状语)

3.For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in the 30 mph zones ,they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.

3.For example, most of us /would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else /but surprisingly,/ we found that in the 30 mph zones ,they struggled to keep at a constant speed /and so were more likely to break the speed limit /and be at risk of getting fined.

定语和定语从句的翻译练习(2)及英语句子的基本结构


比如说,我们多数人觉得老年司机总是开得比其他人慢性,但是令人惊奇的是,我们发现在一个限速三十码的路段,他们一直想要保持不减速,因此也就更有可能超速,而且有可能被罚款。

(摘自2016全国卷3 D篇)


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