英语语法:倒装句的汇总解析

英语语法:倒装句的汇总解析

自然语序:主语+谓语+宾语+宾补+状语

自然语序是英语句子的总语序,是一切句子结构变化的根本基础。

将主语后的任何一个句子成分(或者一个句子成分的一部分)移到主语前面就是倒装句。

Did you try it?

你试过吗?(部分谓语倒装)

Who have you asked?

你问过谁了?(宾语和部分谓语倒装)

Away dashed the motorbike.

状语 谓语 主语

摩托车一冲就走了。(全部倒装)

绝大多数陈述句和祈使句都是自然语序。只有少数陈述句、个别祈使句、大多数疑问句和感叹句、个别虚拟句是倒装语序。

英语语法:倒装句的汇总解析

1.倒装的总规律

任何句子成分都可以倒装,只要表意需要和符合倒装的习惯。

任何句子倒装是将主语后面的句子成分(谓语、表语、宾语、状语)移到主语的前面,只有真正主语、真正宾语和隔离定语从句往后面移。

1.1部分谓语往前移

Are you from Los Angeles?

你来自洛杉矶吗?

Have you turned in your exercise book?

你已经交练习本了吗?

1.2整个谓语往前移

Down came a huge bag.

一个巨大的袋子砰地掉下来。

Here comes Tony.

托尼往这来了。

1.3双宾语中的一个宾语前移

A gold watch you gave him

你给了他一个金表?

One million dollars you saved the company?

你给公司节省了100万美金?

1.4整个宾语往有移

What did they say?

他们说了什么?

This man I don’t know.

这个人我不认识。

1.5宾补往前移

Chairman you elected him?

你们选他当主席?

1.6句尾状语往前移

Up went the rocket.

火箭一冲而起。

There goes the whistle.

哨子响了。

1.7真正主语往后移

It is said that there is a sale on today.

形式主语 真正主语

据说今天有特价促销。

It is impossible to go below that price.

形式主语 真正主语

低于那个价格是不可能的。

1.8真正宾语往后移

We think it necessary to review the lessons twice.

形式主语 真正主语

我们认为复习课文两遍是必要的。

They believe it possible to swim across the straits.

形式主语 真正宾语

他们相信游过海峡是可能的。

1.9隔离宾语从句往后移

The day will come soon when everyone goes on the Internet.

每一个人都上网的那一天很快就会到来。

英语语法:倒装句的汇总解析

2.习惯性倒装

英语句子成分的倒装有两类:习惯性倒装和修辞性倒装。

习惯性倒装指英语中一些惯常使用的模式化的倒装。例如:

2.1一般疑问句的倒装——把第一个助动词或者情态动词移到主语前

Is she a Spanish girl?

她是一个西班牙女孩?

Could you call me back later?

你能过会儿打回来吗?

2.2特殊疑问句的倒装——在一般疑问句的倒装结构前加疑问词,这些疑问词大多数也是倒装成分

Where are you?

你在哪里?

Which do you like better?

你在哪里?

2.3感叹句的倒装——What,How引导的部分是倒装部分

What a huge lobster it is!

好大的龙虾啊!

How tall you’ve grown.

你长得好高啊!

2.4存在句there be中主谓语必须倒装

There are some chips in the bowl.

碗里有些土豆片。

There was a cop at the corner.

拐角处有个警察。

2.5放在直接引语后面的主句往往倒装

“You may leave now.”said the boss.

“你们现在可以离开了。”老板说道。

“Look what I’ve found!”cried Little Huang.

“看我找到什么啦!”小黄大叫道。

但是:“You are great!”he said.

“你很棒!”他说。(由于主语是一个很短的代词,所以不宜倒装。)

“I’m always ready.”she would say.

“我随时都准备好的。”她就会说。

(谓语有两个动词时不能倒装,因为那样会头重脚轻。)

2.6在虚拟条件句中,当if在were, should和had这些助动词前被省略时,习惯上要倒装

Were I a swan, I could fly over the world.

要是我是一只天鹅,我就能飞遍世界。

=If I were a swan,…

Should she disagree, I would go without her.

要是她不同意,我会自己去。

Had he given up midway, he would regret it now.

如果他半途放弃了的话,现在他就会后悔了。

2.7当so,neither, nor位于句首时,主谓要倒装

A:She is a singer.甲:她一个歌手。

B:So am I. 乙:我也是。

C:Henry doesn’t smoke. 丙:享利不抽烟。

D:Neither do I. 丁:我也是(不抽烟)。

注意:so, neither, nor后面的助动词必须与上一句的谓语第一个动词相一致。

2.8由as引导的让步状语从句中,常把表语、状语、谓语的实义动词移到as前面

Strong as he is, he is afraid of pain.

尽管他很强壮,但他怕痛。

Doctor as she is, she can’t cure her own disease.

尽管她是医生,她不能治好自己的病。(注意Doctor前面不用冠词a)

Slowly as the tortoise walks, it can beat the rabbit.

尽管乌龟走得慢,但它能打败兔子。

Talk as the students do, they can’t talk much.

尽管学生们也说,但说不了多少。

2.9由Here,There引导的表示动作的句子要倒装

Here comes Jack.

杰克来了。

There goes the bell.

铃响了。

英语语法:倒装句的汇总解析

3.修辞性倒装

有时为了强调、句子平衡、生动等目的,也使用倒装结构。

3.1为了强调而倒装

Some new songs we like, some old songs we like too.

有些新歌我们喜欢,有些老歌也喜欢。

This book you want?

你要这本书?

Two cars he has?

他有二台车?

What I’m going to do I don’t quite know.

我将做什么我自己也不太清楚。

3.2为了句子平衡而倒装

头重脚轻:That one swims for 20 hours is possible.

平 衡:It is possible that one swims for 20 hours.

一个人连续游泳20个小时是可能的。

头重脚轻:John, Mary, Jack, Lily and Paul were present.

平 衡:Present were John, Mary, Jack, Lily and Paul.

在场的有约翰、玛丽、杰克、莉莉和保罗。

头重脚轻:The time when every family has a car will come soon.

平 衡:The time will come soon when every family has a car.

家家都有小汽车的时候很快就会到来.

3.3为生动而倒装

Down came a heavy stone.

突然掉下一块大石头。

Up went the red rocket.

红色火箭一冲而起。

Then came a magician.

接着来了一位魔术师。

3.4频率副词移到句首时有强调作用,要倒装

常用频率副词:always, seldom, often, rarely, once等。

Always shall I keep in my mind.

我将总是牢记在心。

Often did we suffer such a loss.

我们常常吃这种亏。

Seldom did she show her pride.

她极少表现傲气。

3.5一些否定词(作状语的副词或者词组)移到句首时有很浓的强调语气,必须倒装。可移至句首的常见否定词。

never决不

not不,没

No sooner … (than) 一……就……

Not only…but also…不但……而且……

not…until…直到……才

nowhere无处

Not a bit一点也不

little几乎没有

hardly几乎不

scarcely几乎不

in noway绝不

In no case绝不

By no means绝不

on no occasion绝不

under no circumstances绝不

in no circumstances绝不

Never does she lie to anyone.

她决不向任何人撒谎。

Not a bit did I hear about it.

这事我一丁点都没听说过。

Nowhere was he to hide himself.

他当时已经无处藏身。

Hardly had I stepped out the front door when the telephone began to ring.

我刚跨出前门电话就响了。

By no means can you beat him.

你绝不能打他。

3.6以only引导的一些状语放在句首时具有极强的强调语气,必须倒装

Only here can we feel relaxed.

只有在这里我才感到轻松。

Only in this way will you defeat them.

只有有这种方式你才有击败他们。

Only when you have a kid will you feel proud to be a father.

只有当你有了小孩的时候你才会感到一个父亲的自豪。


分享到:


相關文章: