一體化的基礎設施同時解決城市內澇、停車和綠色空間不足等問題
All-In-One Structure Solves Flooding, Parking and the Lack of Green Space in Cities
隨著地球人口持續增長，汽車交通壓力和氣候變化等相關問題也日漸加劇。據統計約有30％的城市道路擁擠是由於駕駛者長時間尋找停車位而造成的。汽車產業的發展給城市造成巨大的壓力，最終促使城市佔用較多的綠地空間來建設停車場。與此同時，氣候變化也對城市處理大量雨水的能力提出了挑戰。2017年的大西洋颶風便證明了這一點，截止星期一，被命名為13號的大西洋風暴已經造成210人死亡。
丹麥建築事務所THIRD NATURE提出一個名叫POP-UP的設計方案，以解決地區內澇、停車不足以及缺少綠地空間的現代城市問題，其將綠色公共空間、停車場和蓄水池分別從上到下堆疊起來，利用阿基米德的原理來儲存降水，進而創造出浮動的停車空間。
As Earth’s population continues to grow, so does car traffic and issues related to climate change. It has been estimated about 30% of urban roadway congestion are drivers searching for a place to park. Car culture puts the pressure on cities to build more parking garages, which usually win out over green parks. Meanwhile, climate change continues to challenge cities to handle a great deal of stormwater. The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season is proof of this - as of Monday, 13 named storms have formed in the Atlantic ocean, costing 210 lives and counting.
THIRD NATURE, a Danish architecture firm, designed a solution for the modern-day urban issues of flooding, parking and lacking green spaces with their project, POP-UP. A stacked green space, car park, and water reservoir, from top to bottom respectively, POP-UP uses Archimedes’ principle to store water and create floating space to store cars.
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
THIRD NATURE 的合夥人Ole Schroder 說：“我們統計了一個地區的問題所在，其中一張表示可能會發生城市內澇的區域，另一張顯示的為停車問題較大的區域。當將兩張地圖疊加在一起時，就可以找到利用相同的概念來同時解決兩個問題的區域。”
We sat down with a map showing where the biggest problems with water handling will occur and another map showing where there are the biggest problems with parking. When you put the two maps on top of each other, you can see some places where there is potential for solving two problems with the same concept, said Ole Schroder, partner at THIRD NATURE.
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
POP-UP方案的特點是依據天氣的變化而改變城市的天際線。在晴朗或乾燥的時期，停車場位於地下，綠地將覆蓋在上方為城市提供公共空間。而在雨季，溢流下水道將雨水彙集在停車場下方的蓄水池。隨著水充滿水池，停車場的主體結構則會向上移動。POP-UP的工作原理是源於阿基米德的浮力定律，其規律為物體受到的浮力等於其排出水的重力。通過液壓的提升和轉向軸承的作用，以及利用擋土牆和輔助軌道，可以確保結構跟隨水位的變化而上下運動。同時無論水位怎樣變化，都不會影響停車場的使用和汽車的出入。
POP-UP’s varying height changes the city skyline based on the weather. On a dry, sunny day, the car park exists underground with the green space above. On stormy days, overflow sewers lead rainwater below the car park to the water reservoir. As the water reservoir fills up, the parking structure moves up. POP-UP works because of Archimedes’ principle of flotation which states, “buoyancy of a submerged body corresponds to the weight of the displaced fluid.” Hydraulic lifting and steering bearings, along with retaining walls and supplementary guide tracks, secure the structure's movement up and down during water level changes. No matter the water level, the car park stays accessible to pedestrians and cars alike.
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
雖然POP-UP比傳統的停車庫和蓄水池更加昂貴，但它將三個城市基礎元素組合為一個整體，這樣即可讓出更多的住宅和商業空間。此外，建造一個綜合體而不是三個單一的結構，這種做法也將節省建設成本。
While POP-UP is more expensive than a traditional parking garage and water reservoir, it combines three urban elements into one which frees up building plots for residential or commercial spaces. Plus, building just one structure instead of all three would save on construction costs.
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
即便POP-UP方案是專為哥本哈根和紐約的聖約翰公園設計的，但THIRD NATURE建築事務所也與COWI和RAMBOLL工程公司合作，來尋求適用於所有城市和地區的創新型氣候解決方案。
可持續發展同項目本身同樣重要，POP-UP方案提供了一種適應氣候的一體化發展戰略。設計團隊認為，通過投資項目（如POP-UP）來整合設計與可持續發展策略，從而創造出更加美好的城市空間。
Even though POP-UP was designed for Copenhagen and St. John’s Park in New York, THIRD NATURE, in partnership with engineering companies COWI and RAMBOLL, participated in New York based workshops to create innovative climate solutions that are adaptable across all cities and borders.
Arguably as important as the project itself, POP-UP provides design-integrated climate adaptation strategy development. The design team asserts that better, more beautiful urban spaces can be achieved by investing in projects, like POP-UP, that coalesces design and sustainability.
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
Courtesy of THIRD NATURE
建築設計：TREDJE NATUR
總建築師：Ole Schrøder
設計團隊：Iryna Tsioma
施工顧問：RAMBØLL
項目時間：2016年
Architects ：TREDJE NATUR
Architect in Charge ：Ole Schrøder
Design Team ：Iryna Tsioma
Engineering ：RAMBØLL
Project Year ：2016
由專築網王子銘，曹逸希編譯
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