【學術資訊】中歐聲明前夕，南歐最大智庫刊發中國學者文章，呼籲雙方掃除偏見（附中英文）

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中歐聲明前夕，南歐最大智庫刊發中國學者文章，呼籲雙方掃除偏見（附中英文）

編者按：4月9日中歐領導人會晤發表聯合聲明，重申中歐全面戰略伙伴關係的活力。此前一天，南歐最大智庫意大利國際政治研究所(ISPI)官網和季刊上刊發中國人民大學重陽金融研究院執行院長王文撰寫的論文，標題是《務實合作：中歐的最佳選擇》，主張中歐之間掃除偏見、切實拓展務實合作，攜手應對共同挑戰。 該文的中文編輯版發表在4月10日《環球時報》。中英文原文如下：

掃除偏見、務實合作，是中歐當務之急

當前，中國與歐洲都面臨相似的全球共同挑戰：保護主義、民粹主義、分裂主義、恐怖主義、單邊主義。全球穩定與國際秩序正在遭受著自二戰以來的最大威脅。能否在不穩定中維持本國利益，持續世界和平，中國與歐洲都應該發揮不可或缺的國際角色。

在共同全球威脅下，中歐雙方都有著共同利益和訴求。

和平訴求。冷戰結束以來，歐洲參與了不少戰爭，有的是必須的，如反恐戰爭、第一次伊拉克戰爭；有的則沒有必要，如利比亞戰爭、敘利亞衝突。歐洲到底能否從每一場戰爭獲益，是一個有爭議的話題。但長期看，尤其在21世紀，沒有任何一場戰爭會使歐洲真正受益。近年來，衝擊歐洲的難民危機、價值觀分裂已是證明。如何創造更長遠的和平，無論是歐洲內部，還是在國際體系內，這對歐洲而言非常重要。中國同樣面臨著戰爭的誘惑，南中國海分歧，中印邊境摩擦，許多國際輿論都在猜測，一場有限度的對外戰爭是中國崛起進程中必不可少的選項。現在看來，中國正在運用傳統智慧迴避武力的誘惑。

增長訴求。2008年國際金融危機以來，歐洲陷入到低增長的陷阱，有的國家還出現了嚴重的債務危機。如何保持經濟增長，創造更多的就業，歐洲需要更好的經濟改革與結構調整。中國自2012年以來主動調整經濟增長速度，從此前十年的平均11%增長下降到最近六年的7%，希望推動結構轉型與產業升級，以防治生態、防範風險與全面減貧為目的，追求高質量發展。如何保持可持續增長，中國也面臨著壓力。

創新訴求。全球技術革命方興未艾，人工智能、納米技術、生物科技、能源革命等，正在深刻改變人類社會，為各國人民的日常生活帶來史無前例的便利，也給全球與各國社會治理帶來新挑戰。中國與歐洲都在追趕科技浪潮，避免在技術革命中遭淘汰、被落後，都投入更多技術研發力量，都應該有更多制度與管理的創新。

從這些角度看，中歐之間存在巨大的合作空間。

中歐雙方互為天然合作伙伴。這不僅僅在於我們彼此間享有巨大的共同利益、共同目標，也由於中歐之間不存在戰略性或結構性的全球矛盾。這一特徵有效地將中歐交往過程中的摩擦、衝突降至最低。而高共同利益、無戰略矛盾的特質也為中歐進一步超越意識形態的藩籬，拓寬、拓深務實合作奠定了堅實的基礎。

毫不誇張地說，如果歐洲能夠打破意識形態的條條框框，正視中國發展的成就與中歐經貿合作的效益，承認中國的市場經濟國家地位；同時，中國也加大對歐洲的投資以及從歐洲的產品、服務進口，那麼，中歐之間的經濟與戰略聯繫就必然在現有基礎上邁上新臺階。

歐洲是“一帶一路”建設的重要合作伙伴。六年來，中歐的“一帶一路”建設合作已經在政策溝通、設施聯通、貿易暢通、資金融通、民心相通等層面取得了豐碩的成果，而未來的合作空間更為廣大。

自“一帶一路”倡議提出以來，歐洲總體上都持較為正面、歡迎的態度。譬如，在亞投行的創始成員國中，有18個歐洲國家。其中，英國是第一個加入亞投行的西方國家。2017年在北京召開的首屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇，吸引了全球29位國家元首和政府首腦。意大利總理真蒂洛尼、西班牙首相拉霍伊、瑞士聯邦主席洛伊特哈德、希臘總理齊普拉斯、波蘭總理希德沃等都來自歐洲國家。

當然，在歐洲內部，不同國家由於其社會經濟發展水平和國家發展方向的不同而對“一帶一路”的歡迎程度存在差異。譬如，中東歐國家的經濟發展水平在歐洲內部相對較弱，因而他們對於參與“一帶一路”建設最為積極，希望能吸引中國投資，尤其是從亞投行等機構獲得政策性貸款支持，同時擴大對華貿易出口。

此外，

相較而言，經濟更為發達的西歐國家對“一帶一路”似乎有所保留。他們對“一帶一路”框架下的務實政策工具很有興趣，譬如英國等國就明確表示，希望利用亞投行來補充其基礎設施建設資金不足的問題。但或許是出於意識形態的考慮，他們對中國在提出“一帶一路”時所倡導的“人類命運共同體”、開放、包容等理念，持有一定戒心，甚至擔心“一帶一路”會成為中國對歐“輸出”價值觀的工具和威脅。

事實上，這些擔憂大可不必。持有此類看法的德國、英國、法國等西歐強國，恰恰在高端製造業領域極具優勢，如汽車製造、航空航天、核電等，而這些產品正是處於消費升級階段的中國市場所需求的。他們的技術也是正處於產業升級階段的中國企業所急需的。

可見，無論是為了滿足十四億人民對美好生活的嚮往，還是在技術交流與共同研發等諸多領域，中國和西歐發達國家同樣具有相互吸引的特質和共同發展的潛能。只要能夠打破意識形態的瓶頸，不要被一些冷戰時期所遺留下來的陳詞濫調所隔膜、迷惑，中國和所有的歐洲國家都能在不同領域、不同產業找到符合雙方人民根本利益的契合點、合作點。

在這點上，加大中歐之間的人文交流顯得非常重要。歐洲一些輿論對中國政治制度、對孔子學院的批判，或出於誤解，或者是偏見，應該有更多平衡的觀點；而中國也應該引進更多歐洲的電影、小說與其他文化作品。

綜上所述，中國是真心實意地希望歐洲強大、發展、和平。中國人從不認為歐洲是一個威脅；恰恰相反，歐洲越富饒、穩定、團結，就越符合中國的利益。

中國從中央政府到民間智庫，都旗幟鮮明地反對“唱衰”歐洲。面對國際上一些媒體不負責任地報道，譬如故意誇大歐洲當下所面臨的暫時困難，或在沒有任何事實依據的前提下“預言”歐盟的種種“末日”，中國政府和企業從不為其所迷惑、擺佈。相反，他們用自己的眼光和視角獨立自主、充滿善意地觀察歐洲，對這個偉大的文明和她智慧勇敢的人民充滿信心。

因此，希望歐洲也能用同樣眼光和智慧觀察中國，瞭解中國，攜起手來，一同打破少數國際媒體所蓄意渲染的“妖魔化的中國”與“孱弱的歐洲”這類鏡像。

Wang Wen: Pragmatic Cooperation, China and Europe's Best Choice

By Wang Wen Source: ISPI Published: 2019-4-8

At present, China and Europe are facing similar global challenges: protectionism, populism, separatism, terrorism, and unilateralism. Global stability and the international order are suffering from the greatest threats since World War II. If we can maintain our national interests despite instability and continue world peace, China and Europe could play an indispensable international role.

Under the common global threat, both China and Europe have common interests and demands.

PEACE DEMAND

Since the end of the Cold War, Europe has participated in many wars, some of which were necessary, such as the war on terrorism and the first war in Iraq in 1991; some are unnecessary, such as the Libyan war and the Syrian conflict. Whether Europe can benefit from every war is a controversial topic. But in the long run, especially in the 21st century, no war will really benefit Europe. In recent years, the refugee crisis and the splitting of values that have impacted on Europe have proved that. How to create a longer-lasting peace, both within Europe and within the international system is very important for Europe. China is also facing the temptation of war, the divergence of the South China Sea, the Sino-Indian border friction, and many international public opinions are speculating that a limited foreign war is an indispensable option in the process of China's rise. It now appears that China was using traditional wisdom to evade the temptation of force.

GROWTH DEMAND

Since the international financial crisis in 2008, Europe has fallen into the trap of low growth, and some countries have also experienced a serious debt crisis. In order to spur economic growth and create more employment, Europe needs better economic reforms and structural adjustments. China has actively adjusted its economic growth rate since 2012, from the average 11% growth in the previous decade to 7% in the past six years. It hopes to promote structural transformation and industrial upgrading, with the aim of preventing and controlling global warming, preventing risks and comprehensively reducing poverty, to pursue high quality development. China is also under pressure to maintain sustainable growth.

INNOVATION DEMAND

The global technological revolution is in the ascendant, including artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, biotechnology, the energy revolution, etc. They are profoundly changing human society, bringing unprecedented convenience to the daily lives of people of all countries, and bringing new challenges to global and national social governance. Both China and Europe are catching the wave of science and technology, avoiding being eliminated in the technological revolution and being left behind. They are both investing more in research and development. There should be more institutional and management innovation.

From these perspectives, there is a huge space for cooperation between China and Europe.

China and Europe are each other's natural partners. This is not only because we have common interests and common goals, but also because there is no global strategic or structural contradiction between China and Europe. This feature effectively minimizes friction and conflict in the process of Sino-European interactions. The characteristics of great common interests and no strategic contradictions have also laid a solid foundation for China and Europe to further transcend the barriers of ideology and broaden and deepen pragmatic cooperation.

It is no exaggeration to say that if Europe can break the ideological framework, face up to China's development achievements and the benefits of China-EU economic and trade cooperation, it should recognize China's market economy status; at the same time, China will also increase investments in Europe and its imports of products and services from Europe. Then the economic and strategic link between China and Europe will inevitably take a new step on the existing basis.

Europe is an important partner in the construction of the BRI. In the past six years, the BRI cooperation between China and the EU has achieved fruitful results in terms of policy communication, facility connectivity, trade smoothness, capital finance, and people's minds.

The future space for cooperation is even more extensive. Since the BRI was proposed, Europe has generally maintained a more positive and welcoming attitude. For example, among the founding members of the AIIB, there are 18 European countries. Among them, the United Kingdom is the first Western country to join the AIIB. The first BRI international cooperation summit held in Beijing in 2017 attracted 29 heads of state and government. Italian Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni, Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, Swiss Federal President Doris Leuthard, Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, Polish Prime Minister Beata Szydlo and others were all from European countries.

Of course, within Europe, different countries have different levels of welcome for the BRI because of their different levels of social and economic development and the direction of national development. For example, the economic development level of Central and Eastern European countries is relatively weak within Europe. Therefore, they are the most active in participating in the BRI, hoping to attract Chinese investment, and especially to obtain policy loan support from the AIIB and other institutions, and expand exports to China at the same time.

In addition, countries in southern Europe and southwestern Europe are full of confidence about opening up the Chinese market. They are highly competitive in the fields of green food, and hope to further open up the Chinese market and export more green agricultural products such as olive oil, dairy products and wine, etc. At the same time, they will also use their countries’ unique natural scenery and cultural traditions to leverage the Chinese tourism market and attract more Chinese tourists to southern Europe and southwestern Europe.

In comparison, Western European countries with more developed economies seem to have reservations about the “Belt and Road”. They are very interested in pragmatic policy tools under the “Belt and Road” framework. For example, the United Kingdom and other countries have made it clear that they hope to use the AIIB to supplement a lack of funds for infrastructure construction. However, perhaps because of ideological considerations, they are somewhat cautious about the concept of "human destiny community", the openness and tolerance advocated by China in proposing the "Belt and Road". They even fear that the "Belt and Road" will become Chinese tools and threats to "export" values to Europe.

In fact, these concerns are not necessary. The strongholds of Western Europe, such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and France, which hold such views, are precisely in the high-end manufacturing sector, such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, nuclear power, etc., and these products are on the Chinese market, which is in the stage of consumption upgrading. Their technology is also in urgent need of Chinese companies that are in the process of industrial upgrading.

It can be seen that whether it is to meet the longing for a better life of 1.4 billion people, or in many fields such as technical exchange and joint research and development, China and developed Western European countries both have the characteristics of mutual attraction and common development. As long as we can break the bottleneck of ideology, and don’t hang on to the clichés left over from the Cold War, China and all European countries can find a point of convergence and cooperation in different fields and industries to meet the fundamental interests of both peoples.

At this point, it is very important to increase cultural exchanges between China and Europe. Some European public opinions have criticized the Chinese political system and Confucius Institutes, albeit this may be from misunderstandings or prejudice, which should have more balanced views; China should also introduce more European films, novels and other cultural works.

In summary, China sincerely hopes that Europe will be strong, gain development and be peaceful. Chinese never thinks that Europe is a threat; on the contrary, the more prosperous, stable and united Europe is, the more it is in China's interests.

From the central government to think tanks, China has clearly opposed "bad-mouthing" Europe. In the face of irresponsible reporting by some media in the world, such as deliberately exaggerating the temporary difficulties facing Europe, or “predicting” the “end of the EU” without any factual basis, the Chinese government and enterprises are never confused and at their mercy. Instead, they use their own vision and perspective to observe Europe independently and in good faith, and have confidence in this great civilization and its intelligent and brave people.

Therefore, I hope that Europe can observe and understand China with the same vision and wisdom, and join hands to break the clichés of "demonized China" and "weak Europe"deliberately rendered by a few international media. When two equally great and long-lived civilizations at both ends of Eurasia join hands, it will be a better world tomorrow.

The author is Executive Dean of Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University of China. The article was issued by the Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), a top-level European think tank specialized in international affairs.

英文原文鏈接請參見：

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/eu-china-relations-challenges-and-opportunities-22790

數字經濟智庫

政治學與國際關係論壇

為了更好的服務數字中國建設，服務“一帶一路”建設，加強數字經濟建設過程中的理論交流、實踐交流。來自中國數字經濟以及“一帶一路”建設領域的專家學者們成立了數字經濟智庫，為數字中國的建設添磚加瓦。商務部原副部長魏建國擔任名譽院長，知名青年學者黃日涵、儲殷等領銜。政治學與國際關係論壇是數字經濟智庫旗下的專門平臺。

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