施瓦格19句交易名言

01

As Long as no one cares about it, there is no trend. Would you be short Nasdaq in 1999? You can’t be short because you think fundamentally something is overpriced. (只要沒人在乎,就沒有趨勢。你會在1999年做空納斯達克嗎?你不能僅僅因為價格過高了而去做空)。

投資中不應該去做簡單的逆向,而是等待趨勢和價值的共振。1999年的納斯達克泡沫巨大,但也是上漲最快速的。做空和做多不同,你持有成本更高,需要一定的擇時。

02

All markets look liquid during the bubble( massive uptrend), but its the liquidity after the bubble ends that matters. (所有泡沫在頂峰時期流動性都很好,但真正重要的是泡沫崩潰後的流動性)。

在每一次泡沫中,流動性都是很好的。2015年大熊市中,許多小股票一天交易量幾十億。但是2015年泡沫崩潰後,大家才發現了流動性問題,許多股票沒有交易量了。

03

Markets tend to over discount the uncertainty related to identified risks. Conversely, markets tend to underdiscount risks that have not yet been expressly identified. Whenever the market is pointing at something and saying this is a risk to be concerned about, in my experience, most of the time, the risk ends up being not as bad as the market anticipated. (市場總是會過度反應已有風險的不確定性。相反的,市場總是對於還沒有發生的風險預期不夠。當市場開始說需要擔心某個風險的時候,從我的經驗上感覺,大部分時候這個風險並沒有市場預期的那麼差)

市場總是過度反應當下和已知,對於未來和未知反應不足。2008年A股底部時,所有人都覺得市場要關門,經濟大蕭條了。其實那個時候風險已經包含在價格中,而且被過度反應了。

04

The low-quality names tend to outperform early in the cycle, and the high-quality names tend to outperform toward the end of the cycle.(週期開始的時候往往質量低劣的公司跑贏,而週期尾端的時候往往質量好的公司跑贏)

可以理解為,牛市前期買垃圾股,牛市後期買績優股

05

Traders focus almost entirely on where to enter a trade. In reality, the entry size is often more important than the entry price because if the size is too large, a trader will be more likely to exit a good trade on a meaningless adverse price move. The larger the position, the greater the danger that trading decisions will be driven by fear rather than by judgment and experience. (交易員幾乎只關注何時進入交易。事實上,交易的規模往往比價格重要,因為如果規模過大,交易員很可能在沒有意義的股價波動中退出一個很好的交易。頭寸越大,交易員受恐懼的影響就越大)

許多人關注股票的買入價格,其實比買入價格更重要的是,買入的量。買入的量大,可能會放大你的恐懼和貪婪,但其實也決定了你的收益率。索羅斯也曾經說過,重要的不是這筆交易表面浮盈比例,而是你下了多少籌碼,賺錢的數量級。

06

Virtually all traders experience periods when they are out of sync with the markets. When you are in a losing streak, you can’t turn the situation around by trying harder. When trading is going badly, Clark’s advice is to get out of everything and take a holiday. Liquidating positions will allow you to regain objectivity. (幾乎每個交易員都會經歷和踏不準市場節奏的時候,當你連續輸的時候,不是更加努力就能扭轉情況的。當一系列錯誤交易的時候,應該賣掉一切去度假。賣掉所有的倉位能讓你重新獲得客觀性)。

每個人在投資中都會面臨自己風格或者方法不適應的時候。比如價值股風格的人,在2013年和2015年上半年就會很難受。成長股風格在2012年,2015年下半年也會很痛苦。投資方法也類似,不是年年賺大錢,巴菲特還在1999年網絡股泡沫高峰時,跑輸幾乎所有基金經理。這時候,其實你不需要嘗試扭轉乾坤,而是應該去放鬆一些,用客戶的眼光看待目前的現狀。

07

Staring at the screen all day is counterproductive. He believes that watching every tick will lead to both selling good positions prematurely and overtrading. He advises traders to find something else (preferably productive) to occupy part of their time to avoid the pitfalls of watching the market too closely. (整天看著屏幕根本沒有效率。他認為看著每個股票會導致過早賣出好的股票和過度交易。他建議交易員找點其他事情來填補時間,而不要看著市場太緊密)

投資中最害人的就是時時刻刻盯盤。看盤是沒問題的,保持和市場的感覺。但時時刻刻盯盤,想做每一個波段,關注每一個小數點的波動,其實毫無意義。而且盯盤是一個效率很低的事情,不如用來看書和跑步。

08

When markets are trending up strongly, and there is bad news, the bad news counts for nothing. But if there is a break that reminds people what it is like to lose money in equities, then suddenly the buying is not mindless anymore. People start looking at the fundamentals, and in this case I knew the fundamentals were very ugly indeed. (當市場強勢向上的時候出現壞消息,壞消息什麼都不是。但是如果有一段時間提醒人民虧錢的感覺是什麼,突然間不理智的買盤會消失。人們會開始看基本面,而在這個時候我知道基本面會很差)。

在牛市中,每一個壞消息都會迅速消化,甚至被當做低開高走,給大家買入機會的利好。但是一旦市場漲不動了,沒有賺錢效應後,往往意味著市場見頂。因為這個時候看基本面,往往是有巨大泡沫的。

09

Buying low-beta stocks is a common mistake investors make. Why would you ever want to own boring stocks? If the market goes down 40 percent for macro reasons, they’ll go down 20 percent. Wouldn’t you just rather own cash? And if the market goes up 50 percent, the boring stocks will go up only 10 percent. You have negatively asymmetric returns. (買彈性低的股票是一個常有的錯誤。為什麼你想擁有無聊的股票。如果市場因為宏觀因素下跌40%,他們會下跌20%。那還不如持有現金呢?而如果市場上漲50%,無聊的股票只會上漲10%。你的相對收益是負的)

你不能因為一個股票下跌會比較少而去買。投資不是比誰虧的少,而是去買能漲的多。當然這一度我的理解是,還是要做組合管理。組合裡面如果都是高彈性的股票,也是非常危險的。

10

If a stock is extremely oversold—say, the RSI is at a three-year low—it will get me to take a closer look at it.8 Normally, if a stock is that brutalized, it means that whatever is killing it is probably already in the price. RSI doesn’t work as an overbought indicator because stocks can remain overbought for a very long time. But a stock being extremely oversold is usually an acute phenomenon that lasts for only a few weeks. (如果一個股票嚴重過賣了,比如RSI是三年新低,這會讓我仔細看看這個股票。通常如果一個股票被如此痛扁,所有毀滅他的理由都已經在股價中了。RSI對於超買不是很好的指標因為股票可以被超買很長一段時間。然而股票被嚴重超賣所持續的時間不會超過幾個星期)

這個關於技術方面的指標,就不太懂了。

11

If you don’t understand why you are in a trade, you won’t understand when it is the right time to sell, which means you will only sell when the price action scares you. Most of the time when price action scares you, it is a buying opportunity, not a sell indicator. (如果你不知道為什麼你買了這個股票,你不會明白什麼時候應該賣出,這也因為這隻有股票波動讓你害怕時才會賣出。而大部分股價大幅波動時,是買入機會,而不是賣出指標)。

你必須很清楚知道為什麼會買入這個股票,而不是輕易去聽信別人的話。只有對於買入股票的理由很清楚,你也會知道出現什麼情況會賣出。如果是聽了別人,甚至自己亂買,那麼一個波動就會讓你賣出。

12

Normally, I let winners run and cut losers. In 2009, however, as a result of the posttraumatic effects of going through the September 2008 to February 2009 period—talking to clients who are going out of business and seeing 50 percent of your fund redeemed is all very wearing—I got into the habit of snatching quick 10 to 15 percent profits in individual positions. Most of these positions then went up another 35 to 40 percent. I consider my pattern of taking quick profits in 2009 a dreadful error that I think came about because I had lost a degree of confidence due to experiencing my first down year in 2008. (通常我會持有賺錢股,致損虧錢股。然而在2009年,由於大部分投資者對於08年9月至09年2月期間的創傷記憶猶新—許多客戶清盤,看到50%的資金被贖回。所以我開始習慣看到10-15%的利潤就了結。而大部分這些倉位賣出後又漲了35-40%。我認為自己2009年快速獲利了結的習慣是因為我2008年第一次經歷了虧錢導致我失去信心後而產生的一個可怕的錯誤)

許多個人投資者最常見的錯誤就是止盈不止損。當一個股票越漲,他會覺得越害怕。相反,當一個股票越跌,他會覺得越安全。這裡有一個“心理成本價”的關係。我們總覺得自己的成本價都是有效的,越是高於成本價,這個股票泡沫越大,越是低於成本價,這個股票價值越大。其實很多時候恰恰相反。我們這樣做可能會放跑真正的牛股,然後拿著一把表現不好的股票。

13

As an equity trader, I learned the short-selling lessons relatively early. There is no high for a concept stock. It is always better to be long before they have already moved a lot than to try to figure out where to go short.(作為一個股票交易員,我很早就學會了做空的教訓。對於主題股來說沒有股價太高一說。永遠是在股票上漲前做多更好,而不是之後再想該在什麼地方做空)。

概念股,主題投資靠的是情緒,而不是估值。情緒只要在,會越漲越高。不要輕易去做空你覺得高估的股票。或者說,不要僅僅因為高估而去做空!

14

Do you know what happens in a bull market? Prices open up lower and then go up for the rest of the day. In a bear market, they open up higher and go down for the rest of the day. When you get to the end of a bull market, prices start opening up higher. Prices behave that way because in the first half hour it is only the fools that are trading [pause] or people who are very smart. (你知道在牛市中會發生什麼?股價低開,然而在剩下的時間內上漲。在熊市中,股票高開低走。當你進入牛市末期,股價開始高開。股價會如此表現是因為在開盤前半小時只有傻子在交易, 或者是非常聰明的人)。

牛市一開始的時候,開盤半小時是聰明人在交易,他們往往提前看到了牛市來臨。於是每一次低開他們都買入。市場總是能低開高走。但是到了後期,傻子開始成為開盤前半小時的交易主體,於是市場開變得高開高走,直到趨勢扭轉。熊市初期也一樣,一旦高開低走,往往是熊市特徵。

15

Now that you have switched from net long to net short, what would get you long again? – Buying. If all of a sudden stocks stopped going down on bad news that would be a positive sign. (現在你從淨多頭轉向淨空頭,那什麼能讓你重新做多?如果突然間股票沒有因為負面消息而下跌,那是一個正面的信號)。

當一個股票出現負面信息後股價不再下跌,那就是一個非常正面的看多信號。

16

Lots of companies screen as being “cheap.” I think that it’s easy to avoid value traps. The trick is to stay away from companies that can’t grow their cash flow and increase intrinsic value…As Buffett says, “Time is the enemy of the poor business and the friend of the great business.” (許多公司大喊太便宜了。我認為避免價值投資陷阱很簡單。核心就是避免那些現金流無法增長以及無法增加內在價值的公司。。。如同巴菲特說的“時間是糟糕業務的敵人,偉大業務的朋友)

如何避免價值投資陷阱?千萬不要去買那些表面上很便宜的公司。要去面能持續保持現金流和內在價值增長的公司。有些公司雖然便宜,但根本不是好生意。這種公司是時間的敵人!

17

If I wrote a book about a strategy that worked every month, or even every year, everyone would start using it, and it would stop working. Value investing doesn’t always work. The market doesn’t always agree with you. Over time, value is roughly the way the market prices stocks, but over the short term, which sometimes can be as long as two or three years, there are periods when it doesn’t work. And that is a very good thing. The fact that our value approach doesn’t work over periods of time is precisely the reason why it continues to work over the long term. (如果要我寫本書關於某種策略能夠每個月,每年都表現很好,當大家都開始用的時候,就變得無效了。價值投資並不永遠有效。市場不是永遠贊同你。長期看,市場估算股票的價格是價值的,但是短期看,有時候甚至有兩三年的時間,價值投資並不有效。而且是這非常好的事情。價值投資的短期無效才能使長期的價值投資更加有效)。

市場是很聰明的,如果有一個模式時時刻刻有效戰勝市場,那麼大家都會用,最終導致其超額收益迅速收窄,變得無效。那麼價值投資為什麼那麼多年一直有效呢?因為價值投資是看長期的,許多人無法站在10年,20年的維度做投資。因為價值投資會有幾年也跑不贏市場,這恰恰導致不是所有人會使用價值投資。價值投資的精髓是,在不適應市場的階段,依然能夠堅持。

18

The institutionalization of the market has shortened time horizons—it has reduced the window of time managers have to outperform. Most managers can’t wait for two years for an investment to work. They have to perform now. Their institutional and individual clients appear to demand it through their money flows. (市場的機構化導致時間週期變短,縮短了基金經理需要超越市場的時間。許多基金經理無法為一個投資等待兩年。他們必須現在就跑贏。因為他們的機構和個人投資者通過資金流來要求這種表現)

如果對於基金經理考核過於短視,那麼會導致交易行為的短視。其實這個世界上,大部分人都願意買入和持有,然後享受自己生活。但你的行為,是由資金性質決定的。

19

The single best-performing mutual fund for the entire decade was up 18 percent a year, on average, during a period when the market was flat, yet the average investor in that fund lost 8 percent. That is because every time the fund did well, people piled in, and every time it underperformed, people redeemed. (這個世紀表現最好的共同基金年化收益率達到18%,而市場卻是走平的,然而這個基金的投資者平均虧損8%。因為每當這個基金表現良好時,投資者開始邁入,而當他跑輸市場時,投資者開始贖回)。

這是全世界基金產品最大的難題。許多基金的表現都是正收益,但是投資人卻是虧錢的。因為基金表現好的時候,大家買入很多。基金表現不好的時候,大家又賣出很多。從這個角度看,一個基金產品的收益率雖然重要,但其波動率可能更重要。只有低波動率,收益率不錯,其持有人才能長期持有賺到錢。

施瓦格19句交易名言


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