"粤有巨镇，其名青龙。控江而淮浙辐辏，连海而闽楚交通。" —万历《青浦县志》
在上海青浦区白鹤镇一个再普通不过的小村落里，有一个被岁月掩埋的繁华古镇，名为青龙。
它是古时上海第一镇，兴起于唐代，鼎盛于宋代，比今天依然兴盛的朱家角、七宝老街、南翔、枫泾等古镇还要古老。
In the Baihe Town, Qingpu district of Shanghai once sat a bustling town called "Qinglong." It was built in Tang dynasty at the lower reach of Wusong River and reached its peak of prosperity in Song dynasty due to its convenient passage to the sea.
青龙塔 Qinglong Tower, one of the few remains of Qinglong Town
它长期存在于零星的古籍中，经过千年岁月的洗礼，现存地面遗迹已经不多，只有地面上伫立着的青龙塔，仿佛在述说它曾经的繁华。
The town, with its history of prosperous foreign trade, was later forgotten, as the Wusong River silted up and its harbour was abandoned and replaced. Only a tower of the same name was left on its former site.
唐宋时期，青龙镇因地处吴淞江（今苏州河）下游，占据得天独厚的地理优势，成为上海地区最早的对外贸易港口。
它的市镇规模也迅速发展，人口杂处，百货交集，南宋时被誉为"富商巨贾、豪宗右姓之所会"，有“小杭州”之称。
In 1988, a few wells of Tang dynasty and pieces of porcelain from the Changsha Kiln were discovered in the Qinglong Village in the city, which reminded archaeologists of the Qinglong Town mentioned in historical records.
后来吴淞江日渐淤塞，宋时渐次萎缩为9里、5里、3里，至元时江面宽仅1里。
听说呀，当时宋朝范仲淹、元朝任仁发，明朝夏元吉、海瑞等著名水利专家和朝廷官员都亲自参加了疏浚吴淞江的水利工程。
宋代末年到元代，由于吴淞江的入海口淤塞，海舶只能停泊于离海更近的上海浦一带。
上海浦则从此兴起，原本盛极一时的青龙镇渐渐被人们遗忘。
01 寻找古镇遗址
虽然青龙镇的文献记载不多，但最初对于青龙镇遗址范围的划定，就是依据文献进行的。
青龙镇遗址位置图 The location of Qinglong Town
In 2010, the archaeological team from the Shanghai Museum started to conduct archaeological excavation on the historical site of Qinglong Town.
文献上记载了青龙镇里有条叫通波塘的河道，现在当地还存有一条叫此名字的河道。
尽管该河道宽度比文献记载的要小很多，但由于以前高速公路少，通波塘直到上世纪90年代还承载着河运功能。
考古队员对遗址进行长期考古勘探后，发现遗址的主要堆积位于通波塘两岸，从而初步锁定了青龙镇遗址的大体范围。
Historical records mention a river called "Tongbo Tang (brook)" in Qinglong Town. There happens to be a river of the same name in the city, which was used for shipping until 1990s. Therefore, archaeologists determined that the ancient town might be located at the banks of Tongbo Tang (brook).
02 激活文献里的青龙镇
2010至2016年上海博物馆考古研究部对遗址进行了3次发掘及多次调查与勘探，逐步揭开这个繁华一时的贸易港口的神秘面纱。
青龙镇遗址发掘航拍图 The historical site of Qinglong Town
In 2012 and 2013, a big and long-used workshop, possibly for iron casting, from Tang dynasty was discovered, as well as a sophisticated well and a number of relics from Tang dynasty, including an exquisite bronze mirror and an iron axe.
来瞧瞧专家们发现了啥~
一. 找到了一处范围较大、使用时间较长的唐代铸造作坊遗迹，可能为铸铁作坊，这是铸造作坊在上海的首次发现。
二. 发现了一座做工考究的唐代水井，考古队员们还在里面发现了不少唐代的遗物，比如铜镜、铁斧、铁鼎等。其中一面鹦鹉衔绶带铜镜造型非常生动，工艺尤为精湛。
上海青龙镇考古发掘出土的唐鹦鹉衔绶带铜镜
The exquisite bronze mirror from Tang dynasty discovered in the Qinglong Town historical site.
通过2012年度的发掘，考古人员还发现，唐代青龙镇的范围与宋代的并不完全重合。
结合文献得知，从唐代到宋代以后，吴淞江（今苏州河）面宽缩窄，青龙镇的范围便从南向北扩大，考古发掘再次印证了文献记载。
The footing and the basement of the Longping Temple tower, a landmark of Qinglong Town recorded in historical records, were also discovered. After five layers of box package in the basement were removed, a bunch of valuable relics, such as an Asoka Tower, a string of prayer beads and some Śarīra, made their appearances.
三. 发现了隆平寺塔基及地宫（其中精彩，下回分解）
隆平寺塔基地宫侧视图
四. 出土了来自福建、浙江、江西等窑口可复原瓷器超过6000件和数十万片碎瓷片。
通过鉴定得知，这些瓷器绝大部分为中国南方窑口生产，包括唐代著名的越窑、德清窑、长沙窑，宋代的龙泉窑、景德镇窑、建窑等等。
Also unearthed were hundreds and thousands of porcelain shards. Based on historical records and the identification of such porcelain, archaeologists believed the porcelain were produced at kilns in Southern Chinese provinces such as Fujian, Zhejiang and Changsha and shipped to Qinglong Town for trade.
这些瓷片的发现，说明青龙镇对外贸易的货物商品，都是通过从内地转口来进行贸易的。
古时青龙镇作为"海舶百货交集"、"海商辐辏之所"，可是唐宋时期，上海和苏州、秀州地区重要的货物集散地和对外贸易的大码头呀。
As the porcelain unearthed share some similarities with those discovered in Japan and the Korean Peninsula, it is likely that these porcelain were shipped to Qinglong Town for export to foreign countries north.
瓷片堆 A pile of porcelain shards found
青龙镇大量出土的建窑瓷器与朝鲜半岛、日本等地发现的瓷器非常相似，证明了宋代时期中国南方瓷器通过青龙镇转口，然后沿海北上，销往高丽与日本等国家。
03 2016年度全国十大考古新发现！
青龙镇遗址的发现不仅为海上丝绸之路增加了一个新的节点，也是上海城市发展的重要一环。同时它还被选为“2016年度全国十大考古新发现”呢。
The archaeological discovery of the Qinglong Town historical site offered us important information about the urban development history of Shanghai area and served as an vindication of Shanghai's important role in maritime trade in history.
Source: WeChat（丝路云帆）
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