每日一博｜教你如何爬取高德地圖 POI 數據

關注開源中國OSC頭條號，獲取最新技術資訊

高德地圖搜索poi的api介紹地址：https://lbs.amap.com/api/webservice/guide/api/search

當前想法是爬取目標區域（作者所在小縣城）的所有poi數據，存到數據庫中作為原始數據，然後供其它系統調用，因為之前爬取過百度地圖的poi數據，所以這次工作就駕輕就熟了。

1、首先註冊一個高德地圖的開發者賬號，申請一個綁定Web服務的key，然後把剛註冊的開發者賬號認證一下： 申請賬號、key就不贅述了，去高德地圖開發平臺很簡單就能完成了，將賬號認證是為了提高每日訪問高德地圖api接口的次數限制和併發請求。

2、根據上方api地址裡面的介紹，總共分為4中搜索： 關鍵字搜索：通過用POI的關鍵字進行條件搜索，例如：肯德基、朝陽公園等；同時支持設置POI類型搜索，例如：銀行 周邊搜索：在用戶傳入經緯度座標點附近，在設定的範圍內，按照關鍵字或POI類型搜索； 多邊形搜索：在多邊形區域內進行搜索 ID查詢：通過POI ID，查詢某個POI詳情，建議可同輸入提示API配合使用

我的目標是某個區域的所有poi，所以選擇的第三種：多邊形搜索

3、多邊形搜索最重要的參數就是polygon-》經緯度座標對，我在百度地圖座標拾取系統拾取了我的目標區域的經緯度座標對，如下圖：

3步準備工作到這裡就差不多結束了，在正式開始碼代碼之前先做個測試吧，用瀏覽器直接訪問接口看看返回的數據（當然，高德的api接口有返回數據說明）

如上圖，這裡比較重要的一個屬性是count，根據api的介紹count是搜索方案數目(最大值為1000)，所以說每次請求都會返回當前所搜所包含的poi個數，而大於1000的poi是沒有辦法獲取到的。那麼我如果想查詢某個區域的全部數據，可以將這個區域再劃分成更小的區域（顯然是個遞歸操作）的集合，然後把這幾個可以查到所有poi的區域的所有poi數據結合起來就是我最終需要的數據。可能口述不明朗，可以見下方草圖：

好，可以開始擼代碼了：

因為，整個調用API的過程都離不開經緯度，所以首先定義一個經緯度描述的類 `

//矩形塊的經緯度標識， 左上角的經緯度 和右下角的經緯度
class RectangleCoordinate {
 /**
 * 矩形左上角經度
 */
 private double x0;
 /** 

 * 矩形左上角緯度
 */
 private double y0;
 /**
 * 矩形右下角經度
 */
 private double x1;
 /**
 * 矩形右下角緯度
 */
 private double y1;
 public RectangleCoordinate(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1) {
 this.x0 = x0;
 this.y0 = y0;
 this.x1 = x1;
 this.y1 = y1;
 }
 /**
 * [@return](https://my.oschina.net/u/556800) 獲取矩形中心線的緯度
 */
 public double getAverageY() {
 return (y0 + y1) / 2;
 }
 /**
 * [@return](https://my.oschina.net/u/556800) 獲取矩形中心線的經度
 */
 public double getAverageX() {
 return (x0 + x1) / 2;
 }
 public double getX0() {
 return x0;
 }
 public void setX0(double x0) {
 this.x0 = x0;
 }
 public double getY0() {
 return y0;
 }
 public void setY0(double y0) {
 this.y0 = y0;
 }
 public double getX1() {
 return x1;
 }
 public void setX1(double x1) {
 this.x1 = x1; 

 }
 public double getY1() {
 return y1;
 }
 public void setY1(double y1) {
 this.y1 = y1;
 }
 [@Override](https://my.oschina.net/u/1162528)
 public String toString() {
 return x0 + "," + y0 + "|" + x1 + "," + y1;
 }
}`

然後需要一個調用api，獲取返回數據的方法，這個方法參數就是矩形塊，當然還需要一個頁數，即當前方法獲取的是某個矩形區域的第X頁的數據（每頁上線25個poi，默認20個poi）

/**
 * @return 獲取矩形塊的poi數據
 */
 private JSONObject getSearchResult(RectangleCoordinate coordinate, int page) {
 RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
 String url = getRequestGaodeUrl(coordinate,page);
 String result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
 try {
 try {
 Thread.sleep(50);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 return JSONObject.parseObject(result);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 logger.error("an error occurred when getting response of gaode map data for coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString());
 }
 return null;
 }

當然，上方已經說過，如果矩形塊返回數據count=1000，就說明當前矩形塊需要分割，我的想法比較簡單，將矩形塊按照上方草圖，在水平中心和垂直分心分割，1個矩形塊就分割成4個小矩形塊了，方法如下：

 /**
 * @return 將矩形4等分成小矩形 然後返回4個 小矩形的經緯度集合
 */
 private List getSplitRectangleList(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) {
 List splitRectangleList = new LinkedList<>();
 splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getX0(), coordinate.getY0(), coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getAverageY()));
 splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getY0(), coordinate.getX1(), coordinate.getAverageY()));
 splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getX0(), coordinate.getAverageY(), coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getY1()));
 splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getAverageY(), coordinate.getX1(), coordinate.getY1()));
 return splitRectangleList;
 }

目前，可以獲取到矩形區域經緯度對的集合了，也有獲取api數據的方法了，然後就是遍歷頁數獲取數據，自定義操作數據。 當某次分頁請求返回的poi個數小於每頁最大個數的時候就認為當前區域poi已經完全請求到了。

 private void startAnaMainGaode(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) throws AnalysisException {
 //當前爬取的數據的頁數索引
 int page_num = 0;
 //當前爬取內容是否是最後一頁
 boolean isLastPage = false;
 JSONObject searchResult;
 JSONArray datas = null;
 logger.info("ready to analysis coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString());
 while (!isLastPage) {
 logger.info("is going to get data for page_" + page_num);
 try {
 searchResult = getSearchResult(coordinate, page_num);
 datas = searchResult.getJSONArray("pois");
 } catch (Exception e) {
 logger.error("an error occurred when getting response of gaode map data for coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString());
 } 

 if (datas != null && datas.size() < 20) {
 isLastPage = true;
 logger.info("get result counts is [{}], now page index is [{}]", datas.size(), page_num);
 }
 saveIntoDbGaode(datas);
 page_num++;
 }
 }
private void saveIntoDbGaode(JSONArray result) {
 JSONObject resultItem;
 for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
 resultItem = result.getJSONObject(i);
 try {
 results.add(getInsertUnitObject(resultItem));
 } catch (Exception e) {
 logger.error("生成數據時異常，e: {}", e.getMessage());
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 if (results.size() > BATCHINSERTLIMIT || ISLAST) {
 logger.info("is ready to batch insert into unit, total count is {}", results.size());
 try {
 dao.batchAddUnitGaode(results);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 logger.error("更新數據庫異常，e: {}", e.getMessage());
 }
 results = new JSONArray();
 }
}`

到此，基本方法都介紹過了，全部代碼如下（因為都是簡單方法和邏輯，不明白的留言交流）

//請求入口 
public void GaodePoiSearch() { 
 //徐水區 final RectangleCoordinate searchAreaCoordinate = new RectangleCoordinate(115.521773, 39.106335, 115.801182, 38.943988); 
 //保定市
 //final RectangleCoordinate searchAreaCoordinate = new RectangleCoordinate(114.332719,39.574064, 116.588688,38.179144);
 List validCoordinate = getValidCoordinate(searchAreaCoordinate);
 logger.info("get all valid coordinate,size is [{}]", validCoordinate.size());
 /**
 * 獲取到所有的小方塊之後可以做一些處理， 比如存儲到某個地方，以防發生異常，方便後面重新遍歷，我這裡暫未做處理 

 */
 validCoordinate.forEach(coor -> {
 try {
 startAnaMainGaode(coor);
 } catch (AnalysisException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 });
 ISLAST = true;
 saveIntoDbGaode(new JSONArray());
}
/**
 * [@return](https://my.oschina.net/u/556800) 獲取矩形塊中 符合 調用api的 小矩形塊的集合
 * 因為高德地圖某個矩形塊只能獲取前1000條，所以要將矩形塊分割成可以獲取到全部數據的矩形塊
 * 如果當前矩形塊請求數據返回的count<1000 即為符合條件的，否則將矩形塊4等分 然後遞歸
 */
private List getValidCoordinate(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) {
 List validCoordinate = new LinkedList<>();
 JSONObject searchResult = getSearchResult(coordinate, 0);
 if (searchResult.getIntValue("count") >= 1000) {
 List splitRectangleList = getSplitRectangleList(coordinate);
 splitRectangleList.forEach(coor -> validCoordinate.addAll(getValidCoordinate(coor)));
 } else {
 logger.info("add a valid coordinate [{}]", coordinate.toString());
 validCoordinate.add(coordinate);
 }
 return validCoordinate;
}
/**
 * [@return](https://my.oschina.net/u/556800) 將矩形4等分成小矩形 然後返回4個 小矩形的經緯度集合
 */
private List getSplitRectangleList(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) {
 List splitRectangleList = new LinkedList<>();
 splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getX0(), coordinate.getY0(), coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getAverageY())); 

 splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getY0(), coordinate.getX1(), coordinate.getAverageY()));
 splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getX0(), coordinate.getAverageY(), coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getY1()));
 splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getAverageY(), coordinate.getX1(), coordinate.getY1()));
 return splitRectangleList;
}
/**
 * @return 獲取矩形塊的poi數據
 */
private JSONObject getSearchResult(RectangleCoordinate coordinate, int page) {
 RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
 String url = getRequestGaodeUrl(coordinate,page);
 String result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
 try {
 try {
 Thread.sleep(50);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 return JSONObject.parseObject(result);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 logger.error("an error occurred when getting response of gaode map data for coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString());
 }
 return null;
}
private void startAnaMainGaode(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) throws AnalysisException {
 //當前爬取的數據的頁數索引
 int page_num = 0;
 //當前爬取內容是否是最後一頁
 boolean isLastPage = false;
 JSONObject searchResult;
 JSONArray datas = null;
 logger.info("ready to analysis coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString());
 while (!isLastPage) {
 logger.info("is going to get data for page_" + page_num);
 try {
 searchResult = getSearchResult(coordinate, page_num);
 datas = searchResult.getJSONArray("pois");
 } catch (Exception e) {
 logger.error("an error occurred when getting response of gaode map data for coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString());
 }
 if (datas != null && datas.size() < 20) {
 isLastPage = true;
 logger.info("get result counts is [{}], now page index is [{}]", datas.size(), page_num);
 }
 saveIntoDbGaode(datas);
 page_num++;
 } 

}
private void saveIntoDbGaode(JSONArray result) {
 JSONObject resultItem;
 for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
 resultItem = result.getJSONObject(i);
 try {
 results.add(getInsertUnitObject(resultItem));
 } catch (Exception e) {
 logger.error("生成數據時異常，e: {}", e.getMessage());
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 if (results.size() > BATCHINSERTLIMIT || ISLAST) {
 logger.info("is ready to batch insert into unit, total count is {}", results.size());
 try {
 dao.batchAddUnitGaode(results);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 logger.error("更新數據庫異常，e: {}", e.getMessage());
 }
 results = new JSONArray();
 }
}
private JSONObject getInsertUnitObject(JSONObject resultItem) {
 JSONObject unitDataObject = new JSONObject();
 unitDataObject.put("uid", resultItem.getString("id"));
 unitDataObject.put("name", resultItem.getString("name"));
 unitDataObject.put("type", resultItem.getString("type"));
 unitDataObject.put("tag", resultItem.getString("type"));
 unitDataObject.put("address", resultItem.getString("address"));
 unitDataObject.put("province", resultItem.getString("pname"));
 unitDataObject.put("city", resultItem.getString("cityname"));
 unitDataObject.put("area", resultItem.getString("adname"));
 String tel = resultItem.getString("tel");
 if (tel != null && !"[]".equals(tel)) {
 unitDataObject.put("telephone", tel);
 }
 try {
 JSONArray url = resultItem.getJSONArray("website");
 if (url != null && url.size() > 0) {
 unitDataObject.put("detail_url", url.getString(0));
 }
 } catch (Exception e) {
 unitDataObject.put("detail_url", resultItem.getString("website"));
 }
 JSONArray photos = resultItem.getJSONArray("photos");
 if (photos != null && photos.size() > 0) {
 StringBuilder images = new StringBuilder();
 for (int j = 0; j < photos.size(); j++) {
 images.append(j == 0 ? "" : ";").append(photos.getJSONObject(j).getString("url")); 

 }
 unitDataObject.put("images", images.toString());
 }
 String entr_location = resultItem.getString("location");
 if (StringUtils.isEmpty(entr_location)) {
 entr_location = resultItem.getString("entr_location");
 }
 if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entr_location)) {
 unitDataObject.put("lng", entr_location.split(",")[0]);
 unitDataObject.put("lat", entr_location.split(",")[1]);
 }
 return unitDataObject;
}
private String getRequestGaodeUrl(RectangleCoordinate coordinate, int page) {
 return "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/place/polygon?" +
 "key=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx&polygon=" + coordinate.toString() + "&page=" + page + "&types=010000|" +
 "010100|010101|010102|010103|010104|010105|010107|010108|010109|010110|010111|010112|010200|010300|010400|" +
 "010401|010500|010600|010700|010800|010900|010901|011000|011100|020000|020100|020101|020102|020103|020104|" +
 "020105|020106|020200|020201|020202|020203|020300|020301|020400|020401|020402|020403|020404|020405|020406|" +
 "020407|020408|020600|020601|020602|020700|020701|020702|020703|020800|020900|020904|020905|021000|021001|" +
 "021002|021003|021004|021100|021200|021201|021202|021203|021300|021301|021400|021401|021500|021501|021600|" +
 "021601|021602|021700|021701|021702|021800|021802|021803|021804|021900|022000|022100|022200|022300|022301|" +
 "022400|022500|022501|022502|022600|022700|022800|022900|023000|023100|023200|023300|023301|023400|023500|" +
 "025000|025100|025200|025300|025400|025500|025600|025700|025800|025900|026000|026100|026200|026300|029900|" +
 "030000|030100|030200|030201|030202|030203|030204|030205|030206|030300|030301|030302|030303|030400|030401|" +
 "030500|030501|030502|030503|030504|030505|030506|030507|030508|030700|030701|030702|030800|030801|030802|" +
 "030803|030900|031000|031004|031005|031100|031101|031102|031103|031104|031200|031300|031301|031302|031303|" +
 "031400|031401|031500|031501|031600|031601|031700|031701|031702|031800|031801|031802|031900|031902|031903|" +
 "031904|032000|032100|032200|032300|032400|032401|032500|032600|032601|032602|032700|032800|032900|033000|" +
 "033100|033200|033300|033400|033401|033500|033600|035000|035100|035200|035300|035400|035500|035600|035700|" +
 "035800|035900|036000|036100|036200|036300|039900|040000|040100|040101|040200|040201|050000|050100|050101|" +
 "050102|050103|050104|050105|050106|050107|050108|050109|050110|050111|050112|050113|050114|050115|050116|" +
 "050117|050118|050119|050120|050121|050122|050123|050200|050201|050202|050203|050204|050205|050206|050207|" +
 "050208|050209|050210|050211|050212|050213|050214|050215|050216|050217|050300|050301|050302|050303|050304|" +
 "050305|050306|050307|050308|050309|050310|050311|050400|050500|050501|050502|050503|050504|050600|050700|" +
 "050800|050900|060000|060100|060101|060102|060103|060200|060201|060202|060300|060301|060302|060303|060304|" +
 "060305|060306|060307|060308|060400|060401|060402|060403|060404|060405|060406|060407|060408|060409|060411|" +
 "060413|060414|060415|060500|060501|060502|060600|060601|060602|060603|060604|060605|060606|060700|060701|" +
 "060702|060703|060704|060705|060706|060800|060900|060901|060902|060903|060904|060905|060906|060907|061000|" +
 "061001|061100|061101|061102|061103|061104|061200|061201|061202|061203|061204|061205|061206|061207|061208|" +
 "061209|061210|061211|061212|061213|061214|061300|061301|061302|061400|061401|070000|070100|070200|070201|" +
 "070202|070203|070300|070301|070302|070303|070304|070305|070306|070400|070401|070500|070501|070600|070601|" +
 "070603|070604|070605|070606|070607|070608|070609|070610|070700|070701|070702|070703|070704|070705|070706|" +
 "070800|070900|071000|071100|071200|071300|071400|071500|071600|071700|071800|071801|071900|071901|071902|" +
 "071903|072000|072001|080000|080100|080101|080102|080103|080104|080105|080106|080107|080108|080109|080110|" +
 "080111|080112|080113|080114|080115|080116|080117|080118|080119|080200|080201|080202|080300|080301|080302|" +
 "080303|080304|080305|080306|080307|080308|080400|080401|080402|080500|080501|080502|080503|080504|080505|" +
 "080600|080601|080602|080603|090000|090100|090101|090102|090200|090201|090202|090203|090204|090205|090206|" +
 "090207|090208|090209|090210|090211|090300|090400|090500|090600|090601|090602|090700|090701|090702|100000|" +
 "100100|100101|100102|100103|100104|100105|100200|100201|110000|110100|110101|110102|110103|110104|110105|" + 

 "110106|110200|110201|110202|110203|110204|110205|110206|110207|110208|110209|120000|120100|120200|120201|" +
 "120202|120203|120300|120301|120302|120303|120304|130000|130100|130101|130102|130103|130104|130105|130106|" +
 "130107|130200|130201|130202|130300|130400|130401|130402|130403|130404|130405|130406|130407|130408|130409|" +
 "130500|130501|130502|130503|130504|130505|130506|130600|130601|130602|130603|130604|130605|130606|130700|" +
 "130701|130702|130703|140000|140100|140101|140102|140200|140201|140300|140400|140500|140600|140700|140800|" +
 "140900|141000|141100|141101|141102|141103|141104|141105|141200|141201|141202|141203|141204|141205|141206|" +
 "141207|141300|141400|141500|150000|150100|150101|150102|150104|150105|150106|150107|150200|150201|150202|" +
 "150203|150204|150205|150206|150207|150208|150209|150210|150300|150301|150302|150303|150304|150400|150500|" +
 "150501|150600|150700|150701|150702|150703|150800|150900|150903|150904|150905|150906|150907|150908|150909|" +
 "151000|151100|151200|151300|160000|160100|160101|160102|160103|160104|160105|160106|160107|160108|160109|" +
 "160110|160111|160112|160113|160114|160115|160117|160118|160119|160120|160121|160122|160123|160124|160125|" +
 "160126|160127|160128|160129|160130|160131|160132|160133|160134|160135|160136|160137|160138|160139|160140|" +
 "160141|160142|160143|160144|160145|160146|160147|160148|160149|160150|160151|160152|160200|160300|160301|" +
 "160302|160303|160304|160305|160306|160307|160308|160309|160310|160311|160312|160314|160315|160316|160317|" +
 "160318|160319|160320|160321|160322|160323|160324|160325|160326|160327|160328|160329|160330|160331|160332|" +
 "160333|160334|160335|160336|160337|160338|160339|160340|160341|160342|160343|160344|160345|160346|160347|" +
 "160348|160349|160400|160401|160402|160403|160404|160405|160406|160407|160408|160500|160501|160600|170000|" +
 "170100|170200|170201|170202|170203|170204|170205|170206|170207|170208|170209|170300|170400|170401|170402|" +
 "170403|170404|170405|170406|170407|170408|180000|180100|180101|180102|180103|180104|180200|180201|180202|" +
 "180203|180300|180301|180302|180400|180500|190000|190100|190101|190102|190103|190104|190105|190106|190107|" +
 "190108|190109|190200|190201|190202|190203|190204|190205|190300|190301|190302|190303|190304|190305|190306|" +
 "190307|190308|190309|190310|190311|190400|190401|190402|190403|190500|190600|190700|200000|200100|200200|" +
 "200300|200301|200302|200303|200304|200400|220000|220100|220101|220102|220103|220104|220105|220106|220107|" +
 "220200|220201|220202|220203|220204|220205|970000|990000|991000|991001|991400|991401|991500&extensions=all";
}
/**
 * 矩形塊的經緯度標識， 左上角的經緯度 和右下角的經緯度
 */
class RectangleCoordinate {
 /**
 * 矩形左上角經度
 */
 private double x0;
 /**
 * 矩形左上角緯度
 */
 private double y0;
 /**
 * 矩形右下角經度
 */
 private double x1;
 /**
 * 矩形右下角緯度
 */
 private double y1; 

 public RectangleCoordinate(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1) {
 this.x0 = x0;
 this.y0 = y0;
 this.x1 = x1;
 this.y1 = y1;
 }
 /**
 * @return 獲取矩形中心線的緯度
 */
 public double getAverageY() {
 return (y0 + y1) / 2;
 }
 /**
 * @return 獲取矩形中心線的經度
 */
 public double getAverageX() {
 return (x0 + x1) / 2;
 }
 public double getX0() {
 return x0;
 }
 public void setX0(double x0) {
 this.x0 = x0;
 }
 public double getY0() {
 return y0;
 }
 public void setY0(double y0) {
 this.y0 = y0;
 }
 public double getX1() {
 return x1;
 }
 public void setX1(double x1) {
 this.x1 = x1;
 }
 public double getY1() {
 return y1;
 }
 public void setY1(double y1) {
 this.y1 = y1;
 }
 @Override
 public String toString() {
 return x0 + "," + y0 + "|" + x1 + "," + y1;
 }
}`
 

每日一博欄目，每日為你推薦優秀博主的優質技術文章。同時歡迎用戶投稿，文章一旦被官方賬號收錄，我們會在網站首頁等位置進行推薦哦。關注開源中國OSC每日獲取優質推送，點擊“瞭解更多”閱讀原文章。

閱讀更多 開源社區OSC 的文章

關鍵字: 技術 Polygon 爬取