宣德炉介绍
宣德炉，为明朝宣德年间创制的焚香之炉，通常用于陵墓、寺庙及权势之家烧香，拜佛、祭祖神。明朝300年间，制作了不可胜数的器物，可称上乘之作。宣德炉作为其中的一种，可谓前无所师法，后无能为继，不愧为天地间一精美绝伦的古董，是我国古代工匠智慧和艺术的结晶。
Introduction of Xuan de stove Xuande stove, a kind of incense burner created during the reign of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, is usually used for burning incense in mausoleums, temples and powerful houses, worshipping Buddha and sacrificing ancestors. During the 300 years of Ming Dynasty, numerous artifacts were made, which can be called masterpieces. Xuande Furnace, as one of them, can not be said to have learned before and can not be continued. It is worthy of being an exquisite antique between heaven and earth. It is the crystallization of the wisdom and art of ancient craftsmen in China.
大明宣德炉（桥耳炉）
此炉，口径：11.5cm，高：9cm，重：1630g 桥耳炉又称凤眼炉，“炉烟袅孤碧，云缕霏数千;悠然凌空去，飘渺随风还。”几千年来，屡屡馨香，悠然于书斋琴房，飘渺于神坛庙宇。在中国传统文化中，焚香与点茶、挂画、插花并称为文人怡情养性的“四艺”。香霭馥馥之中，品赏香炉，也成为了文人雅士的一大爱好。香炉文化灿若星河，存世极为稀少的明代宣德炉，以其造诣之高堪为炉中一绝。 This furnace, caliber: 11.5cm, high: 9cm, weight: 1630g bridge ear furnace, also known as the phoenix eye furnace, "smoke curl lonely, clouds thousands of; leisurely fly away, vague with the wind return." For thousands of years, incense has always been in the shrine, shrine in the shrine. In Chinese traditional culture, burning incense, ordering tea, hanging pictures and arranging flowers are called the "four arts" of literati's pleasure. Among the fragrant and fragrant, the taste of incense burner has also become a great hobby of scholars. The incense burner culture is like a river of stars. The Xuande burner of Ming Dynasty, which is extremely rare in the world, can be regarded as a unique one with its high attainments.
明宣宗宣德年间，宣德炉的铸造，使得铜香炉达到了颠峰阶段，原本焚香专用的器具，发展成为造型争奇斗艳、制作精美绝伦的珍贵艺术品了。明宣德年间所铸的铜炉属焚香供祀之类，是专为郊坛大庙铸造的放在祭祀案桌上的供炉。宣德炉选料考究，做工精美，款式古朴典雅，当时就十分珍贵。 In the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the foundry of the Xuande stove made the copper incense stove reach its peak stage, and the original special equipment for burning incense developed into a precious artwork with fantastic shapes and exquisite workmanship. The bronze furnaces cast during the reign of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty belong to the category of incense burning and sacrificial offerings. Xuan de furnace is exquisite in material selection, exquisite in workmanship and simple and elegant in style.
宣德三年(1428 年)，明宣宗朱瞻基为改善郊坛、太庙及内廷所陈设的鼎彝祭器，敕令宫廷御匠吕震和工部侍郎吴邦佐，利用从暹逻国进口一批“风磨铜”参照皇府内藏的柴窑、汝窑、官窑、哥窑、钧窑、定窑名瓷器的款式，及《宣和博古图录》、《考古图》等史籍，设计和监制香炉，即成后世闻名的宣德炉，可谓前无所师法，后无能为继，不愧为天地间精美绝伦之器。In the third year of Xuande (1428), Zhu Zhanji of Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty ordered Lu Zhen, the Imperial Palace master, and Wu Bangzo, the waiter of the Ministry of Works, to improve the sacrificial utensils of Ding Yi decorated in the altar, the temple and the inner court of the suburbs, to import a batch of "wind-milled bronze" from the state of Siam to refer to the style of the famous porcelain of Chai, Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Ding kilns stored in the imperial palace, as well as the style of the famous porcelain of the Royal Palace Xuanhe Bogu Tulu, Archaeological Map and other historical records, the design and supervision of incense burner, that is, become the world-famous Xuande furnace, can be said to have no way to teach before, after no way to continue, worthy of the world's most exquisite uted utensils.
在明宣宗宣德三年（1428）初，宣宗收到泰国进贡来的数万斤精美的“风磨铜”，下旨令工部及礼部官员，利用贡铜，铸造制成鼎彝祭器。宣德皇帝询问铸工说，铜炼几次才能精纯？铸工回答说用六火炼铜，就会现出珠宝的光彩。于是宣德皇帝命令炼十二火，用最精纯的铜来炼炉。为保证香炉的质量，工艺师还挑选了金、银等几十种贵重金属，与红铜一起经过十多次的精心铸炼。成品后的铜香炉色泽晶莹而温润，实在是明代工艺品中的珍品。宣德炉的铸造成功，开了后世铜炉的先河，在很长一段历史中，宣德炉成为铜香炉的通称。宣德三年利用这批红铜开炉共铸造出了三千座香炉，以后再也没有出品，这些宣德炉都深藏禁宫之内，普通百姓只能知其名而未见其形。 At the beginning of the third year (1428) of Xuande's reign in Ming Dynasty, Xuanzong received tens of thousands of kilograms of fine "wind-milled bronze" from Thailand. He ordered officials of the Ministry of Works and the Ministry of Rites to make tripod and Yi sacrificial vessels from tributary bronze. Emperor Xuan asked the foundry, "how many times can copper be refined? The foundry replied that the six fires would make the jewels shine. So Emperor Xuan ordered to make twelve fires and use the most refined copper to refine the stove. To ensure the quality of the incense burner, the craftsman also selected dozens of precious metals, such as gold, silver, and so on, which were carefully cast with red copper more than ten times. After the finished product, the copper censer was bright and warm, and it was really a treasure in Ming Dynasty handicrafts. Successful foundry of Xuande Furnace has opened a precedent for later generations of copper furnace. In a long period of history, Xuande Furnace has become a general name for copper incense furnace. Xuande used these red bronze for three years to cast a total of 3000 incense stoves, and never produced any more. These stoves are hidden in the forbidden palace, ordinary people can only know its name but not its shape.
宣德炉的色彩丰富，它以紫红色为基调，有褐、青、绿、红、蓝、黄、白、金等数十种颜色。炉的构造由炉耳、炉身、炉足三部分组成。炉耳有象耳、狮耳、环耳等，都成对置于炉身的两侧。有的炉不饰耳，炉身光素不作纹饰，有的还在炉身外部敲上些小块金箔。宣德炉炉壁厚重，拿在手中有一种沉甸甸的感觉，款识规范端庄，大多落于炉外底部。据记载：宣德炉仅在宣德三年铸造过一次，一共三千只，以后就封炉不铸了。由于宣德炉名冠天下，所以后世多有仿造，但是，无论怎么仿，它的颜色、铜质都与真正的宣德炉相差甚远。 Xuande stove is rich in color, it is purple red as the tone, brown, green, red, blue, yellow, white, gold and dozens of colors. The structure of the furnace consists of three parts: furnace ear, furnace body and furnace foot. The ears of the furnace have ears, lion ears, ring ears, etc., and are placed in pairs on both sides of the furnace. Some furnaces do not contain ears, and the body of the furnace does not make ornamentation. Some of them also knock small pieces of gold foil on the outside of the stove. Xuande furnace wall is thick, holding a heavy feeling in his hand, the style is standard and dignified,
桥的含义为媒介，可通过妙境，后世官宦商贾士族都十分喜欢这类造型别致的桥耳炉，并作为吉祥之礼器而广为使用。据《宣德鼎彝谱》八卷本记载，桥耳炉是赐以国子监祭酒。《国朝会典》称“国子祭酒掌国学，举人贡士，以及勋臣胄子教训之事，奉监规而损益焉……为朝廷教育人才重秩焉。”并称汉明帝时，命博士祭酒讲经史，士人环向桥门而听，其人数以万计。故以桥耳款式代表环桥听讲。 The meaning of the bridge as a medium, through the wonderful scenery, later officials, eunuchs, businessmen and scholars are very fond of this unique shape of the bridge ear stove, and as a propitious ritual and widely used. According to the eight volume of Xuan De Yi Yi, the bridge stove is a gift to the Imperial College. "Guo Dynasty Huidian" said, "the son of the state sacrificed wine palm Chinese culture, the whole tribute, as well as the courtiers of the son of the lessons learned, by the prison regulations and profit or loss.... For the imperial court, it is important to educate talents. When he was called Emperor Han Ming, he gave a lecture on the history of wine and wine. So the bridge ear style represents the ring bridge.
此炉直口方唇折沿，桥耳，束颈，垂腹，下承三足。整炉光泽细腻，沉重似金，持之沉重，异乎常器，叩之音妙，其音浑厚沉稳，周身素面无纹，简洁雅致,其精铜尽显。炉底“宣德年制’四字楷书刻款，结体方正，修磨圆润，字风俊朗。整器造型独特，时代风格鲜明，皮色朗润，铜质精良，乃同时期桥耳炉绝妙佳品。 The mouth of the furnace is straight, the lip is folded, the bridge ears, the neck, the abdomen, and the three feet. The gloss of the whole furnace is delicate, heavy as gold, holding it heavy, unusual, wonderful percussion, its sound thick and steady, all over the plain surface without grain, simple and elegant, its fine copper is all obvious. The bottom of the hearth is "Xuan de year system", which is carved in four characters. The whole set is unique in shape, distinctive in style, lustrous in skin and fine in copper. It is a wonderful piece of bridge-ear stove in the same period.
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