[家居] 北京胡同住宅改造

設計公司：度態建築

位置：中國北京

類型：建築住宅

文章分類：住宅

材料：木材

白塔寺“未來之家”是一個位於北京舊城的智能家居實驗項目。甲方是家庭生活領域的互聯網硬件創業公司，委託度態建築設計一個實驗性的住宅，探索未來年輕人的生活方式。項目在西城區白塔寺附近，是內城保存較為完好的衚衕院落片區。“未來之家”場地非常迷你，院子大約八十多平米，其中正房三十多平米，剩下的都是衚衕內的違章加建。在設計的開始，我們確定了三個關鍵詞：家；衚衕；未來。

Baitasi House of the Future is located in a historic hutong area of Beijing. The client is a tech company focuses on the smart homes. The commission is to create an experimental house that suits the future lifestyles of young people. Baitasi is one of the well preserved hutong neighborhoods. The original site had a 30 sqm house and a 80 sqm yard cramped with illegal building works. Our design strategy is focused on three words: home, hutong and future.

未來年輕人的家庭是什麼樣子，決定了“未來之家”的空間形態。大齡單身，三口之家，同性伴侶，開放關係，多元化的生活狀態被社會討論和接納。在個人生活之外，職業和社會也對“家”的定義提出了新的挑戰。共享經濟、自由職業和網絡技術，也打破了傳統意義上的“家”和“社會”之間的界限。生活正在被碎片化，而傳統的“幾室幾廳”住宅產品模型也變得僵硬和陳舊。我們認為“未來之家”應該體現這樣的生活狀態：工作和居住的無縫連接，重視使用的便利而不是物權的佔有，強調生活的多元性而不是空間的尺寸，追隨新鮮事物同時又重視生活的質量。

“未來之家”所在的白塔寺社區是舊城衚衕保護街區。衚衕項目有先天的敏感性和侷限，施工需要儘量減少現場機械作業，避免鄰里干擾。另外，在按照政策拆除院子裡的違章建築之後，如何能夠提供基本的廚房和衛生間，來解決衚衕生活的基礎設施缺乏問題，也需要設計師考慮。

As the project is located in a historic area which is also a busy neighbourhood, construction activity needs to be minimised. After demolishing all the illegal building works, a lightweight structure unit is inserted to provide the basic facilities for the house.

科技應該服務於人的生活。我們希望“未來之家”的重點落在“家”上，技術消隱在人的生活背後。對應在具體設計策略上，就是儘可能“輕盈”的解決現實的問題。

Technology should serve people, not the other way around. Although the House of the Future is equipped with many smart devices, we would like the house to be warm and cosy with all the tech hidden behind.

首先是磚木結構的正房，儘量減少改動，只做必要的修復，更換年久失修的屋頂結構。正房內拆除原有的室內空間劃分，置入兩個智能移動傢俱模塊和一個固定模塊。移動模塊可以靈活改變空間狀態，在一個大開間和三個獨立臥室的狀態之中切換，充分考慮了年輕人靈活多樣的生活方式。移動模塊的操縱是通過智能電視遙控來實現的，這套遙控系統還可以控制燈光、家電和窗簾，實現了家庭環境的軟硬件一體化控制，體現了未來之家的科技水準。通過軟件來控制模塊化的硬件，以此來解決空間需求，並且最小化的對原有結構造成干擾。這一設計思路也貫徹到院落裡新增的廚房衛生間模塊上。這個廚衛模塊採用開源系統的wikihouse體系建造，全球共享設計數據，數控加工，平板包裝，現場施工無需專業工具，手動拼裝，實現修建過程對衚衕居民和環境的最小化影響。

The original house is wood framed. To minimise construction work and reveal the beauty of traditional Chinese wooden structure, we replaced the decayed roof and removed all the interior partitions. Two moveable furniture modules and one fixed module are placed under the new roof. With the moveable modules, the house can have four different layout options. According to the needs of the residents, it can shift from a three bedrooms house to a small office. The facade can be open up to connect the living space and the outdoors. The moveable modules are controlled by a smart TV. This TV system also controls lighting modes, curtains, security alarm and other home appliances. Based on the strategy of minimal intervention, we use WikiHouse system for the only new built structure on site. It serves as the kitchen and toilet. The WikiHouse is an open-source project for building houses. It is lightweight and digitally fabricated. Its faster and cleaner construction process suits the crowded and noise sensitive neighbourhood very well.

一個朋友把“未來之家”項目戲稱為“智能平房”，我們覺得這個名字很貼切，非常接地氣。看多了科幻電影中白色光潔的未來派建築，坐落在舊城衚衕中的這個灰磚“未來”小房子很不顯眼。它低調的外觀、謙虛的內涵和豐富的使用狀態，倒真的像北京這個城市的性格。

Compared to many futuristic design, this tiny house is nothing close to future at the first look. But its humble appearance and user adaptive interior may reflect something about the future in the ancient capital.

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關鍵字: 建築 北京 住宅