1．人稱的變化
[語法點津]
直接引語變為間接引語時，人稱代詞要根據轉述人立場的變化作相應的改變。
[巧記] 直接引語變間接引語人稱變化口訣：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不變更。”
(1)“一隨主”。指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱而變化。
(2)“二隨賓”。指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。
(3)“第三人稱不變更”。指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。
[對點訓練]
將下列句子改為間接引語
(1)“I know it，”he said.
→He said that ________ knew it.
(2)She asked us，“Do you want to go on a picnic？”
→She asked us if/whether ________ wanted to go on a picnic.
2．時態的變化
[語法點津]
直接引語變間接引語時動詞變化如下表：
[點津]
在下面幾種情況中，直接引語變為間接引語時，時態不發生變化。
①直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言時，其時態不變。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”，the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
②直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。
Tom said，“I was born on April 21,1980.”
→Tom said he was born on April 21,1980.
[對點訓練]
將下列句子改為間接引語
(1)I said，“I will give her some advice tomorrow.”
→I said that I ________ her some advice the next day.
(2)“You have already done your duty，”he said to her.
→He told her that she ________ already done her duty.
(3)John said to his parents，“I had learned 400 Chinese words by the end of last term.”
→John told his parents that he ________400 Chinese words by the end of last term.
(4)He said，“I am living with my old brother.”
→He said that he ________ with his old brother.
(5)“Light travels much faster than sound，”he said.
→He said that light ________ much faster than sound.
3．指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語及方向性動詞的變化
[語法點津]
[對點訓練]
將下列句子改為間接引語
(1)“How much have we spent on petrol this year？”Susan asked her husband.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol ________ year.
(2)My friend Linda said to me，“I saw the film three days ago.”
My friend Linda told me that she had seen the film three days ________.
答案：(1)that (2)before
4．連接詞的選擇
[語法點津]
(1)直接引語是陳述句，變為間接引語時，常變成由that引導的賓語從句。在口語中，that可以省略。
He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”
→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.
[點津]
直接引語是陳述句時，若變為間接引語，主句謂語動詞said to sb.常改為told sb.。
She said to me，“I came back an hour ago.”
→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.
(2)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反意疑問句時，間接引語中用whether(...or...或．..or not)或if引導。
He said，“Are you interested in English？”
→He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.
[點津]
如果主句中謂語動詞是said，則將其改為asked。
(3)直接引語為特殊疑問句時，間接引語仍用原來的特殊疑問詞來引導，其餘的變化遵照直接引語和間接引語之間的轉換規則來進行。
“What's your name？”he asked me.
→He asked me what my name was.
[點津]
疑問句的直接引語變間接引語時，要把疑問語序變成陳述語序。
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