267.经济学人- After the disease, the debt-3

267.经济学人- After the disease, the debt-3

Few subjects in economics attract more scaremongering than government borrowing.

The national-debt clock ticking near Times Square in New York has warned of imminent fiscal Armageddon since 1989.

In fact a country’s public debt is not like a household’s credit-card balance. When the national debt is owned by its citizens, a country in effect owes money to itself.

Debt may be high, but what matters is the cost of servicing it and, as long as interest rates are low, this is still cheap.

In 2019 America spent 1.8% of gdp on debt interest, less than it did 20 years ago.

In 2019 Japan’s gross public debt was already almost 240% of gdp, but there were few signs that it could not be sustained.

In countries that print their own money, central banks can hold down interest rates by buying bonds, as they have in recent weeks on an unprecedented scale (the Federal Reserve has bought more Treasuries in five weeks than were issued, on net, in the year to March).

Just now there is no risk of inflation, particularly since oil prices have collapsed.

Most economists worry less that governments will borrow recklessly, than that they will be too timid because of an irrational fear of rising public debt.

Inadequate fiscal support today risks pushing the economy into a spiral of decline.


这是《经济学人》2020年4月刊的一篇文章'After the disease, the debt'第3段,共10句。

1、

{'scaremongering':'n.制造恐慌,危言耸听'}

经济学中很少有科目比政府借贷更能引起恐慌。

2、

{'imminent':'即将发生的,临近的'}

{'fiscal':'财政的'}

{'Armageddon':'末日,大决战'}

自1989年以来,纽约时代广场附近的国债时钟一直在发出即将到来的财政危机警告。

时代广场(Times Square)是美国纽约市曼哈顿的一块繁华街区,被称为“世界的十字路口”。时代广场原名为朗埃克广场,后因《纽约时报》早期在此设立的总部大楼,因而更名为时报广场。

3、

事实上,一个国家的公共债务并不像一个家庭的信用卡一样。当国债归国民所有时,一个国家实际上是欠自己的钱。

4、

{'servicing':'利息支付'}

债务可能很高,但重要的是支付利息的成本,只要利率是低的,这成本就不算贵。

5、

2019年美国用于支付利息的费用占gdp的1.8%,低于20年前。

6、

在2019年日本公债总额已经几乎占GDP240%,但是并没有迹象表明其不可持续。

7、

{'unprecedented':'前所未有的'}

各国印发自己的货币,中央银行能通过购买债券降低利率,正如最近几周他们做的前所未有的举措(美联储在五周内购买的大量的债券已经超过今年累计至三月份的净发行量)。

美国联邦储备系统(The Federal Reserve System),简称为美联储(The Fed),负责履行美国的中央银行的职责。这个系统是根据《联邦储备法》(Federal Reserve Act)于1913年12月23日成立的。美联储的核心管理机构是美国联邦储备委员会。

8、

{'inflation':'通货膨胀'}

{'collapsed':'坍塌'}

目前没有通胀风险,特别是油价暴跌以来。

9、

{'recklessly':'不顾一切的'}

{'timid':'胆怯的'}

{'irrational':'不合逻辑的'}

大多数经济学家相对于政府疯狂借债来说,他们反而担心政府因为非理性的债务风险而过于胆怯。

10、

{'Inadequate':'不充足的'}

{'spiral':'螺旋式的'}

如今,财政支持不足有可能使经济陷入螺旋式下滑。

--总结--

【词汇部分】

{'scaremongering':'n.制造恐慌,危言耸听'}

{'imminent':'即将发生的,临近的'}

{'fiscal':'财政的'}

{'Armageddon':'末日,大决战'}

{'servicing':'利息支付'}
{'unprecedented':'前所未有的'}

{'inflation':'通货膨胀'}

{'collapsed':'坍塌'}

{'recklessly':'不顾一切的'}

{'timid':'胆怯的'}

{'irrational':'不合逻辑的'}

267.经济学人- After the disease, the debt-3


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