和田玉，“中國四大名玉”之一（其三為陝西藍田玉、遼寧岫玉和河南獨山玉）。傳統狹義範疇特指新疆和田地區出產的玉石，以和田“子料”為代表聞名於世；廣義的和田玉指軟玉（真玉）。和田玉雖然因新疆和田而命名，但其本身不是地域概念，並非特指新疆和田地區出產的玉，而是一類產品的名稱。中國把透閃石成份佔98%以上的石頭都命名為和田玉，都在國標範圍內。
秦始皇統一中國的時候，和田玉因產於崑崙山被稱為“崑山之玉”，以後又因位於“于闐國”境內而被稱為“于闐玉”。直到清光緒九年（1883年）設立和田直隸州時，才被正式命名為“和田玉”。
和田玉中的名品，是珍藏於陝西曆史博物館的西漢國寶級文物“皇后之璽”，其質地為新疆和田羊脂玉，是迄今唯一的漢代皇后玉璽，為首批禁止出國（境）展覽文物 。2008年北京奧運會會徽徽寶“中國印”，也是採用新疆和田玉作為材料。
和田玉屬鎂質大理岩與中酸性岩漿岩接觸交代而形成的變質岩，內含透閃石、角閃石、陽起石等多礦物集合體，化學成分是含水的鈣鎂硅酸鹽，化學式為Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)5[Si8O22](OH)2，密度為2.95—3.17，摩氏硬度在6.0—6.5之間。
長期以來，學術界對和田玉是按產地來劃分還是按礦物成分來劃分存在很大爭議，2013年12月17日和2014年1月，中國國家標準管理委員會和全國標準樣品技術委員會批准發佈了國家標準GSB 16-3061-2013《和田玉實物標準樣品》，正式確定——“和田玉實物樣品國家標準不論產地，一律按其礦物成分來界定。
藏品介紹
中文名稱：元代人物睡意把件
英文名稱：Yuan dynasty characters sleepy to the piece
類別：玉器
規格：一件
品相：美品
這件和田玉人物把件，整體漢八刀工藝，從人物髮型中間團發，兩邊有分發，是典型的元代髮型，且工藝符合元代特徵，縱觀嘉德保利玉器類 成交中極少出現元代和田玉器物，大多是明清和田玉，在金戈鐵馬的年代，成吉思汗統治天下，所有器物以實用為主，玉器類雕工簡單，能有鏤空工藝，已經是相當罕見了。
“漢八刀”是中國玉雕技法中十分有特色的技法，是葬玉文化帶來的產物。秦漢時期，在玉器製作上，一變纖巧繁細的作風，表現出雄渾博大，自然豪放的藝術風格。
“漢八刀”的代表作品為八刀蟬，其分為佩蟬、冠蟬和“治”（琀蟬），八刀蟬的形態通常用簡潔的直線，抽象的表現其形態特徵，其特點是每條線條平直有力，像用刀切出來似的，俗稱“漢八刀”，其“八刀”表示用寥寥幾刀，即可給玉蟬注入了飽滿的生命力。也就是說漢八刀是指一種刀法簡練的工藝風格，而不是一個工藝專用名稱，更不是專指某一玉器。
這是件人物睡意擺件，右手拿著扇子，靠在枕頭上，十分的愜意，眼睛輕閉，古代歷來講究規矩，尊信男左女友，所以往左睡的是男子，配合元代都有的髮型，獨居年代氣息，在看這件玉器沒有任何磕缺損毀，真的是十分難得。
元代初期，中央政府直接控制和田玉的開採。採玉民戶聚集在喀拉喀什河上游的匪力沙（今希拉迪東），以淘玉為生，被稱為“淘戶”。他們採集的玉石，由釋站運往大都。至元十年（1273年），元世祖命玉工李秀才至和田採玉，翌年，又命令免去淘戶差役 。元中期以後，察合臺汗國控制今新疆地區，和田玉或者通過回回商人販入內地，或者由西北宗王進貢 。元朝的琢玉工匠亦多，僅大都南城就有百餘戶聚居，“南城彰儀門外，去二里許，望南有人家百餘戶，俱碾玉工，是名磨玉局。
玻璃光澤：老玉看玻璃光澤，新玉看蠟狀光澤，由於古代所有工藝都是純手工製作，玉器是用鐵製圓盤-鉈、無齒的鋸、圓鋸、鑽、錐、用精細的木片葫蘆皮、牛皮蘸珍珠砂漿，加以拋光。玉石異常堅硬，必須用鐵製圓盤――鉈為工具，以水和金剛砂為介質，經過鍘、鏨、衝、壓、勾、順等工藝，一點一滴琢磨而成，一件器物往往要耗時數月方能成形，玉器成形時由於都是極其細微的研磨而成，成品時已經帶有包漿，且表面極其光滑形成了玻璃光澤，而新玉還會存在毛孔，這是鑑定新老玉最根本的區別。
收藏價值：自古道，“黃金有價玉無價”。這件和元代和田玉睡意把件包漿自然，形成玻璃光澤，是機器工無法做到的，再看顏色是帶有油脂光澤的白，在白色中有的可透出微微的黃色，整體油感足，凝如羊脂，入手溫潤，久握存溫，且溫度流失緩慢，經專家鑑定，為難得的和田羊脂白玉，和田玉投資一直都被關注，一篇‘瘋狂的石頭’報道了羊脂玉漲幅千倍，令人咋舌，如今新疆本地也找不出羊脂玉了，再加上政府禁止開採，形成了十玉九藏的局面，使得和田玉價格水漲船高。
英文翻譯：Hetian jade, one of the "four famous jade in China" (the third is shaanxi lantian jade, liaoning xiuyu jade and henan dushan jade). In the traditional narrow sense, it refers to the jade produced in hetian region of xinjiang, which is famous in the world for its "seed material". In a broad sense, hetian jade refers to nephrite (true jade). Although hetian jade is named after hetian in xinjiang, it is not a regional concept, not specifically referring to the jade produced in hetian region of xinjiang, but the name of a class of products. China names all stones with more than 98% tremolite composition as hetian jade, which are within the scope of national standards.
When the first emperor unified China, hetian jade was called "the jade of kunshan" for its production in the kunlun mountains, and later "khotan jade" for its location in khotan. It was not until the establishment of zhili prefecture in hotan in the ninth year of the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty (1883) that it was formally named "hotan jade".
Hetian jade, is the national treasure cultural relic of the western han dynasty in shaanxi history museum "empress seal", its texture is xinjiang hetian yangzhi jade, is the only han dynasty empress jade seal, the first batch of forbidden to go abroad (border) exhibition cultural relics. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games emblem treasure "Chinese seal", also USES xinjiang hetian jade as the material.
Metamorphic rocks formed by contact metasomatism of hetian jade magnesium marble and intermediate-acid magmatite, containing multiple mineral aggregates such as amphiboles, amphiboles, and onyxite. The chemical composition is water-bearing calcium magnesium silicate, the chemical formula is Ca2 (Mg, Fe2 +) 5 [Si8O22] (OH) 2, the density is 2.95-3.17, and the mohs hardness is between 6.0-6.5.
For a long time, the academia of hetian jade is according to the producing area to differentiate by it there is a big controversy or according to the mineral composition, December 17, 2013 and January 2014, China national regulatory commission and the national standard sample approval issued national standard technology committee GSB 16-3061-2013 "hetian jade material standard sample, formal -" hetian jade samples national standard regardless of the origin of a product, shall be defined according to its mineral composition.
The collection is introduced
Chinese name: yuan dynasty characters sleepy to the post
Yuan dynasty characters sleepy to the piece
Category: jade
Specification: one piece
Phase: beauty
The hetian jade figures, whole han eight knife process, from the character style middle group, both sides have to distribute, is typical of the yuan dynasty style, and technology in line with the characteristics of the yuan dynasty, throughout the garter poly clinch a deal the yuan dynasty seldom appears in hetian jade jade class implements, hetian jade is mostly the Ming and qing dynasties, in this age of warriors, genghis khan ruled the world, all items with practical give priority to, simple class jade carver, can have perforations, already is rare.
"Han ba dao" is a very characteristic technique in Chinese jade carving techniques, and is the product of burial jade culture. In the period of the qin and han dynasties, the style of making jade articles changed from delicate to delicate, showing a vigorous and broad, natural and bold artistic style.
"Han eight knife" representative works for eight knife cicada, its divided into cicadas, cicada and crown "cure" (Han cicada), eight knife cicada form usually with concise line, abstract the performance of its morphological characteristics, its characteristic is every line is straight, like a knife cut, commonly known as "han eight knife", the "eight knife" said with a few knives, can be brought into the jade cicada full of vitality. That is to say, han ba dao refers to a simple craft style, rather than a craft name, not specifically refers to a jade.
This is a person sleepiness place a piece, the right hand is holding a fan, leaning on the pillow, very comfortable, eyes light closed, ancient times has been about the rules, zunxin male left girlfriend, so before the left sleep is a man, with the yuan dynasty all hair style, living alone age breath, in this jade without any damage damage, really is very rare.
In the early yuan dynasty, the central government directly controlled the mining of hetian jade. Jade gatherers gathered in bandrisha (now shiradidong), on the upper reaches of the kalakash river, to collect jade for a living, known as "tao hu". The jade they collected was transported to dadu from shiba station. To the yuan ten years (1273), the yuan emperor ordered the jade worker li xiucai to hetian to collect jade, the next year, and ordered the removal of taohu officers. After the middle of the yuan dynasty, the chahetai khanate controlled the present xinjiang region, and hetian jade was either sold into the interior by returning merchants, or presented by the king of the northwest. The yuan dynasty's zhuoyu craftsmen are also more, only mostly in the south city there are more than 100 households, "the south city outside the door of zhang yi, to two miles xu, looking at the south of more than 100 households, all grinding jade, is the name of grinding jade bureau.
Vitreous burnish: old jade sees vitreous burnish, new jade sees waxlike burnish, because ancient time all craft is pure manual production, jade is to use iron to make disk-thallium, toothless saw, circular saw, drill, cone, dip in pearl mortar with fine piece of wood gourd skin, cowhideskin, try polishing. Jade exceptionally hard, must use iron disc - thallium as tools, water and silicon carbide as medium, through Zha, chisel, blunt, such as pressure, tick, smooth process, every little bit, and figure out a artifacts often take months to forming, jade was formed as a result of are extremely fine grinding and become, has finished with wrapped slurry, and the surface is very smooth and formed the vitreous luster, and the new jade also exist pores, this is the most fundamental difference between identification of new and old jade.
Collection value: since ancient times, "gold valuable jade". This and the yuan dynasty hetian jade sleep a patina nature, form the vitreous luster, is machine can't do it, then look at the color is white with oily luster, some can give slightly yellow in white, whole oil foot feeling, setting such as suet, starting with a warm, with the long storage temperature, and slow temperature erosion via expert appraisal, as a rare hetian suet white jade, hetian jade investment be attention all the time, a "crazy stone" report suet jade or one thousand times, staggering, xinjiang local now also could not find suet jade, plus a government ban on mining, has formed the situation in which ten nine Tibetan jade, hetian jade prices higher.
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