共同點：
現在完成時和一般過去時都表示一個在過去完成的動作。
區別：
①現在完成時強調的是與現在的關係，如對現在產生的結果或影響等，屬於現在時範圍，談論的是現在的情況。而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發生，不表示和現在的關係，現在情況可能已發生變化。
Who opened the door?
“誰開的門？”
(只強調過去開門這一動作，門現在可能已關上。)
Who has opened the door?
“誰把門開了？”
(強調門現在依然還開著。)
②現在完成時不能與明確的過去時間狀語連用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等等。如句中有以上這些明確的過去時間狀語，應用一般過去時。
再有，過去發生的一個動作，如現在情況已經發生的變化，也應用一般過去時。
特別提醒：如果這些過去時間狀語前有since，表示“自過去某一時間一直延續到現在”，應用現在完成時。
He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.
他前天讀完了這本書。
I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.
我把尺子放到文具盒裡了，但是我現在找不它了。
My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.
我的表弟從2009年起就呆在南京了。
③現在完成時不與when引導的特殊疑問句連用，when後只用一般過去時表示已發生的動作。但現在完成時可與where, why等疑問詞連用。如：
Where have you been?
你去過哪裡了？
—The train has left.
—When did the train leave?
——火車已經駛離了。
——火車什麼時候駛離的？
④since引導的時間狀語從句後面用一般過去時，只有前面的主句才用現在完成時。
We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.
自從兩年前來學校，我們就互相認識了。
⑤有些時間狀語，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以與一般過去時連用，又可以與現在完成時連用，但內涵不同。與一般過去時連用時，表示與“現在”無關，時間已成為過去。而與現在完成時連用，則表示包括“現在”在內。
I saw him this morning.
(時間已不在上午了。)
I have seen him this morning.
(說話時間還是上午。)
He lived in New York for eight years.
(他現在已經不在紐約住了。)
He has lived in New York for eight years.
(他現在還在紐約居住。)
現在完成時與一般過去時專題訓練：
動詞填空：
1. I _____(see)Tom last Friday.
2. _____ you _____(go) to the Great Wall last summer?
3. —Where _____ you _____(put) my pen?
—I _____(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found.
4. When _____ you _____(start) to live in China?
5. —The train _____(leave) already.
—When _____ the train _____(leave)?
6 .It is five years since I _____(meet) you last.
7. Where _____ you _____(be)for the last two weeks?
8. I _____(lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.
單項選擇：
( ) 1. —Where _____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
—I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone!
A.did you put; have put
B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; have put
( ) 2. My father _____ here since he _____ to this school.
A. taught; came
B.has taught; came
C. taught; has come
D. has taught; has come
( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It _____ 10 minutes ago.
A. left
B. has left
C. has been left
D.had left
( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last _____ you.(重慶)
A. saw
B. see
C. seeing
D. have seen
( ) 5. —Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa?
—Yes, I _____ it yesterday.
A. have visited
B. had visited
C. visited
D. visit
( ) 6. —Nice to see you. I _____ you for along time. (南京)
—I _____ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.
A. hadn’t seen; am
B. haven’t seen; was
C. didn’t see; will be
D. haven’t seen; shall be
( ) 7. —What is the weather like this summer here?
—There _____ very little rain.
A. has
B. has been
C. are
D. have been
( ) 8. When _____ you _____ your dictionary?
A. did; lose
B. has; lost
C. will; lose
D. does; lose
( ) 9. Where _____ you _____? Which answer is not right?
A. are; going
B. have; been
C. did; go
D.are; doing
( ) 10. There _____ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have
C. are
D. have been
keys:
動詞填空：
1. saw
2. Did, go
3. have, put, put
4. did,start
5. has left, did, leave
6. met
7. have, been
8. have lost
單項選擇：
1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD
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