（一）、动词语态:主语和谓语动词所表示的动作之间，可以有两种关系：主语发出动作，或者主语发生动作。
英语中可以用一定的动词形式表示这种关系，称为动词语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，称为主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，称为被动语态。比如：
（1）We built a bridge last year. (主动语态)
句子成分分析：We是主语，built是谓语动词（过去式），a bridge是宾语，last year是时间状语。
（2）A bridge was built by us last year. （被动语态）
去年我们造了一座桥。
句子成分分析：A bridge是主语，was built是谓语动词（被动式，过去式），by us是主语补足语，last year是时间状语。
例（1）中的主语we执行动作，谓语built（造）是主动语态。例（2）中，主语a bridge承受动作，谓语was built（被造）是被动语态。
（二）动词被动语态的构成
动词被动语态由"be+及物动词过去式"构成。
动词被动语态的时态由助动词be的各个时态变化表示。
1.动词一般现在时被动语态
am
is + 过去分词
are
English is widely used at international meetings.
英语在许多国际会议上广泛使用。
Computers are sold in the shop.
那家商店出售电脑。
2.动词一般过去时被动语态
was + 过去分词
were + 过去分词
Many new buildings were put up last year.
去年造了许多新楼房。
That song was sung by the singer at the party.
聚会上那首歌被那位歌星唱过。
3.动词一般将来时被动语态
The play will be put on soon.
这个戏不久将要上演。
The old house is going to pulled down soon.
那幢旧房子很快就要被拆掉。
4.动词现在进行时被动语态
am
is +being+ 过去分词
are
A language lab is being built in our school.
我们学校正在建造一个语言实验室。
The old bikes are being repaired now.
旧自行车正在修理。
5.动词过去进行时被动语态
was +being+过去分词
were +being+过去分词
Mother said that my dirty clothes were being washed.
母亲说我的脏衣服正在洗。
When I went to the watch shop, my watch was being fixed.
我到手表店的时候，我的手表正在修。
6.动词现在完成时被动语态
have been + 过去分词
has been + 过去分词
The jobs have been finished.
这些工作已被完成了。
That dirty place has been turned into a garden.
那个脏地方已被变成一座花园。
含情态动词的动词被动语态结构为"情态动词+be+过去分词"。下面分别列出动词被动语态的基本结构并配以适当的例句。
7.动词过去完成时被动语态
had + been + 过去分词
He said he had been offered a nice job.
他说有人给他一份很好的工作。
When I got there, the room had been cleaned.
我那儿时，房间已被打扫过了。
8.动词过去将来时被动语态
should
would +be+过去分词
was/were going to
They said that the lecture hall would be cleaned the next day.
他们说演讲厅将在次日打扫。
I was told that he was going to be sent to work in asmall city.
有人告诉我他将被派往一座小城市工作。
9.含情态动词的动词被动语态
can
could
may
might be + 过去分词
must
have/has to
should
The problem can be solved.
这个问题能够得到解决。
Computers may be needed in our work.
我们工作中可能需要电脑。
These rules must be obeyed.
这些规定必须遵守。
The place should be kept clean.
那个地方应保持清洁。
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