语法基础|简单句讲解

句子的种类

从结构上看,句子可分为四类:简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。

简单句

只包含一个主谓结构,句子的各个成分都由单词或短语表示。

简单句的表示形式:

【下面用双横线====表示主语;横线——表示谓语】

1.一个主语+一个谓语。

Time flies.岁月飞逝。

This placeis rightly called an earthly paradise.这个地方简直可称为天堂。

Today's opportunities erase yesterday's failures.(Gene Brown)今日的机遇可以抹去昨日的失败。

Would you were with us!你跟我们在一起该多好!

What in the world do you mean?你到底是什么意思?

Welook upon our youth as the future of our motherland.我们把我们的青年看作祖国的未来。

A fool always finds a great fool to admire him.(N.Boileau)傻瓜总会发现有更傻的傻瓜赞美他。

Man's greatnesslies in his power of thought.(Blaise Pascal)人的伟大在于他的思想能力。

Necessityis the mother of invention.(Plato)需要是发明之母。

Ignoranceis the mother of superstition.(Balzac)无知是迷信之母。

Bureaucracyis the death of any achievement.(A.Einstein)官僚制度是任何成就的杀手。

2.一个主语+并列谓语。

Wemust bear the burdens and relish the jobs.我们必须吃苦耐劳,乐观快活。

Hebuys wholesale and sells retail.他批发购进,零售卖出。

Truthis often eclipsed but never extinguished.(Titus Livius)真理往往被掩盖,但永远不会消失。

All my life Ihave set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time.(Robert G.Allman)这一生我已经树立了一系列目标,然后努力去达到,一次一个。

Two of the girlsbecame teenage mothers and live on welfare.两个女孩未成年便成了母亲,靠救济度日。

Electricitylights streets, warms houses and drives machines.电照亮街道,使房子温暖并能开动机器。

3.并列主语+一个谓语。

Science and technologyare productive force.科学和技术都是生产力。

The water and steam in the boiler should circulate freely.锅炉里的水和蒸汽能够自由循环。

I do not care for money.Decorations, titles, or distinctionsmean nothing to me.(A.Einstein)我不在乎钱。奖章、头衔或名誉对我毫无意义。

John or Iam to blame.或者怪约翰,或者怪我。

Either you or heis to go.不是你去就是他去。

Neither the students nor the teacherknows anything about the subject matter of this article.学生们和老师都不知道这篇文章的内容。

4.并列主语+并列谓语。

My sister and I help each other and learn from each other.我的姐妹和我互相帮助,互相学习。

Ice and snowcovered the ground and made our progress difficult.冰和雪覆盖大地,使我们前进很困难。

Heat, light, electricity and soundare different forms of energy and can be changed from one form into another.热、光、电和声音是能量的不同形式,并且能够从一种形式转换为另一种形式。

有些简单句只包含一个词或一个成分。例如:

Help!救人呀!

No parking!不准停车!

Merry Christmas(to you)!祝你圣诞节快乐!

Your health! 【祝酒用语】祝你健康!

Out with it!拿出来!

Oh dear! 【感叹语】啊!哎呀!

Many happy returns(of the day)! 【生日贺词】祝你长寿!

Forward to new victories! 【口号】争取新的胜利!

(以上这类句子都是习惯说法)

For a time the inhabitants of the valley were not interested in it.But not for long.【只有一个状语But not for long】有一段时期,山谷里的居民对此事并不感兴趣。但为时不长。


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