「哈佛學霸學習攻略」火遍社交媒體,作者竟是「虎媽」的女兒!

最近,傳說中“別人家的孩子”、超級學霸Sophia Chua-Rubenfeld的一篇名為“如何像哈佛學生一樣學習”的博客文章火爆國外社交網絡。

“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!


你可能還不知道這位本科畢業於哈佛、研究生畢業於耶魯的Sophia小姐姐,但是提起她的母親你一定熟悉,就是那位令美國人聞風喪膽、中國人感同身受的“虎媽”——蔡美兒女士(Amy Chua)。

想當年,美國老百姓對於蔡女士的討論已經達到1957年蘇聯搶在美國之前發射第一顆人造衛星的高度。


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!

“虎媽”蔡美兒(左)和Sophia(右)

她甚至在2011年被美國《時代》週刊選入全球最具影響力人物100強。

《時代》週刊是這樣評價蔡美兒給整個美國帶來的“衝擊”的:

Amy Chua, 48, started a firestorm when she published her memoir, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. When an entire nation reacts so strongly to something, you know you have hit a nerve. And Amy did. She hit us where it hurts, questioning our parenting, our kids' educational achievement and our nation's ability to compete globally in today's world.

48歲蔡美兒寫的《虎媽戰歌》帶來了一場火焰風暴。當一個國家舉國對一件事情反應強烈時,你就會知道,這件事情觸及了他們的神經。蔡美兒做到了,她戳到了我們的痛處。她質疑我們養育孩子的方式,質疑我們的孩子的學術成就,質疑今天我國是否有能力與別的國家競爭。


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!

虎媽蔡美兒

蔡女士於2011年出版《虎媽戰歌》(Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother),書中紀錄了一位典型中國式老母親對於兩個女兒(姐姐Sophia和妹妹Lulu)的嚴厲管教。蔡美兒曾獲哈佛大學文學學士、法學博士,又身為耶魯大學法學院終身教授,她容不得女兒們有半點懈怠。

她為姐妹倆制定十條家規,自稱“採用咒罵、威脅、賄賂、利誘等種種高壓手段,要求孩子沿著父母為其選擇的道路努力”。

學霸Sophia的童年時光被母親安排得無比緊湊,她18個月認字母表,3歲閱讀《小婦人》並開始學鋼琴,14歲在卡耐基音樂大廳演奏。


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!

蔡美兒在監督女兒彈琴

她曾在一次數學考試中輸給韓國小朋友,屈居第二。然而蔡女士詞典裡怎能容得下第二,當晚蔡美兒命女兒每晚做試卷20張,張張100道速算,蔡女士則在一旁掐秒錶計時。經一週強化訓練,Sophia次次考試穩拿第一。

在Sophia不聽話時,母親還會罵她“垃圾”,因為蔡女士自己小時候就是被父親這麼罵大的。

蔡美兒還曾拒絕兩個女兒親手為她製作的生日卡片,因為她覺得做得太粗糙了根本沒有用心,並對姐妹倆說:“我值得比這更好的禮物”。


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!


參加沒意義的同學聚會?想都不要想。

蔡女士覺得時間超寶貴,浪費在無腦聚會上簡直愚蠢。有一次Sohpia想要參加最好朋友的生日聚會,蔡美兒心一軟就答應了,之後無比後悔,因為Sophia第二天一到家就無心練琴。

蔡女士一打聽才知道女兒一整晚都在聽一位同學談論對性的神秘嘗試。

一向崇尚開放、鼓勵式教育的美國人讀罷此書覺得蔡女士簡直喪心病狂,心疼地說Sophia和她的妹妹Lulu是“世界上受虐最多的孩子”,並預言她們長大後一定會有心理疾病,性格冷酷而呆板,有一天甚至會自殺。

如今,那些唱衰的群眾估計要啪啪打臉了。本科畢業於哈佛的Sophia又剛剛從耶魯的法學研究生院畢業。她還加入美國軍法部隊,成了一名二級少尉。

她將會在華盛頓巡迴法院任職一年,這之後,還會為部隊效力三年。妹妹Lulu也從將從哈佛大學藝術歷史系畢業,她決定前往紐約工作一年再去研究生院深造。


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!


性格冷酷而呆板?似乎並沒有。Sophia聰明開朗、努力認真,而她的大學生活過得豐富多彩,經常受邀去參加朋友們的各種派對。


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!


人們猜想成年後的Sophia在終有一天掙脫母親的“魔爪”後會與母親疏離,然而事實並非如此。《紐約郵報》發表了Sophia寫給母親的信,信中Sophia表達了對媽媽的愛與感謝。

在她看來,世人誤解了媽媽蔡美兒。媽媽在養育她們的過程中教會了她們如何獨立思考,更重要的是教會了她們如何拼盡全力、用力地生活。

這份拼勁全力會讓她坦然面對命運拋給她的一切題目,即使明天就會面對死亡,她也會覺得自己曾經110%地活著。


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!


她寫道:

I admit it: Having you as a mother was no tea party. But now that I’m 18 and about to leave the tiger den, I’m glad you and Daddy raised me the way you did.

我承認,有你做我的媽媽絕不是件輕鬆的事。但是現在我18歲了,將要離開“虎穴”面對世界。我很高興你和爸爸用你們的方式養育了我。

A lot of people have accused you of producing robot kids who can’t think for themselves. At any rate, I was thinking about this, and I came to the opposite conclusion: I think your strict parenting forced me to be more independent.

很多人控訴你,說你像製造機器人一樣養育你的孩子,她們不會有獨立思考的能力的。我也一直在思考這個問題,而我的結論與大家相反,我覺得你的嚴苛反而讓我更加獨立。

對於賀卡事件Sophia也做了回應:

Everybody’s talking about the birthday cards we once made for you, which you rejected because they weren’t good enough. Funny how some people are convinced that Lulu and I are scarred for life. Maybe if I had poured my heart into it, I would have been upset. But let’s face it: The card was feeble, and I was busted. It took me 30 seconds; I didn’t even sharpen the pencil. That’s why, when you rejected it, I didn’t feel you were rejecting me. If I actually tried my best at something, you’d never throw it back in my face.

很多人對於你因為我們的賀卡不夠好,就將其拒絕的事不能釋懷。有趣的是,他們竟認為我們會因此永遠留下心理陰影。如果我真的用心做了那張卡片,我或許會失落。但事實是,那張卡片確實很爛,我的不用心被你發現了。我只花了30秒做那張卡片,甚至連鉛筆都沒削。這也是為什麼,當你拒絕這張卡片時,我知道你並不是在拒絕我。如果我真的盡力去做了,你是絕對不會把它甩在我臉上的。

I remember walking on stage for a piano competition. I was so nervous, and you whispered, “Soso, you worked as hard as you could. It doesn’t matter how you do.”

我還記得在鋼琴比賽登臺之前,我緊張得不行,你就在我耳邊跟我說,“Soso,你已經盡了最大的努力了,這次彈得怎樣都沒關係。”

Sophia說,母親教會了自己,只有在體驗過超越身心的極限後,才能坦然面對一切。

There’s one more thing: I think the desire to live a meaningful life is universal. To some people, it’s working toward a goal. To others, it’s enjoying every minute of every day. So what does it really mean to live life to the fullest? Maybe striving to win a Nobel Prize and going skydiving are just two sides of the same coin.

還有一件事,我覺得世上的人都想擁有有意義的一生。對有些人來說,這意味著朝著一個目標努力,對有些人來說,則是開心過好每一天每一秒。所以怎樣才是真正地好好活著?可能努力贏得諾貝爾獎和挑戰跳傘只是一個硬幣的兩面。

To me, it’s not about achievement or self-gratification. It’s about knowing that you’ve pushed yourself, body and mind, to the limits of your own potential. You feel it when you encounter a life-changing idea, and when you do something on your own that you never thought you could. If I died tomorrow, I would die feeling I’ve lived my whole life at 110 percent.

對我來說,好好活著不僅是取得成就或自我滿足,而是知道自己的身體、心智都已拼盡全力、用盡潛力。你會在改變命運的時刻,在你完成自己都不相信能完成的任務時體會到這種感覺。如果我明天死去,我也會覺得我曾經110%地活著。


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!


回到文章開頭說的那篇學習攻略,這是Sophia在博客上發表的一篇博文。不少網友看後感嘆,原來一直以來自己的學習方法都是錯的……


“哈佛學霸學習攻略”火遍社交媒體,作者竟是“虎媽”的女兒!


現在,就讓我們來看看這位學霸姐姐火遍社交媒體的學習攻略吧:

How to Study Like a Harvard Student

如何像一個哈佛學生一樣學習

✩ Preliminary Steps

預備步驟

1. Choose classes that interest you. That way studying doesn’t feel like slave labor. If you don’t want to learn, then I can’t help you.

選擇你喜歡的課程,這樣你的學習就不會像服苦役一樣。如果你不想學,那我也幫不了你。

2. Make some friends. See steps 12, 13, 23, 24.

交一些朋友,詳見步驟12、13、23、24。

✩ General Principles

總則

3. Study less, but study better.

少學,但學得高效。

4. Avoid "autopilot" brain at all costs.

千萬不要讓你的大腦天馬行空“自動駕駛”。

5. Vague is bad. Vague is a waste of your time.

含糊不明是不好的,含糊不明浪費時間。

6. Write it down.

該寫的寫下來。

7. Suck it up, buckle down, get it done.

咬牙挺住,全力以赴,完成學業。

✩ Plan of Attack Phase I: Class

學習攻略,第一階段:課堂

8. Show up. Everything will make a lot more sense that way, and you will save yourself a lot of time in the long run.

請去上課。這樣的話很多事情都會容易很多,到頭來你會發現自己其實節省了時間。

9. Take notes by hand. I don’t know the science behind it, but doing anything by hand is a way of carving it into your memory. Also, if you get bored you will doodle, which is still a thousand times better than ending up on Stumbleupon or something.

手寫記筆記。我不知道其中的科學奧秘,但是手寫記錄是讓知識刻進大腦的一種方式。而且如果你學煩了,就會自己在紙上亂畫,這也比你學著學著就開始刷社交網絡要強很多。

✩ Phase II: Study Time

第二部分:學習時間

10. Get out of the library. The sheer fact of being in a library doesn’t fill you with knowledge. Eight hours of Facebooking in the library is still eight hours of Facebooking. Also, people who bring food and blankets to the library and just stay there during finals week start to smell weird. Go home and bathe. You can quiz yourself while you wash your hair.

別迷信圖書館。赤裸裸的現實就是如果你不想學,呆在圖書館裡你也不會學的。在圖書館刷了八小時臉書還是刷了八小時臉書。而且那些在考試周把食物和毯子帶去圖書館過夜的人,結果只會讓自己聞起來怪怪的。回家洗個澡,你可以在洗澡的時候自己考自己。

11. Do a little every day, but don’t let it be your whole day. “This afternoon, I will read a chapter of something and do half a problem set. Then, I will watch an episode of South Park and go to the gym” always beats “Starting right now, I am going to read as much as I possibly can…oh wow, now it’s midnight, I’m on page five, and my room reeks of ramen and dysfunction.”

每天完成一個小任務,但是別讓這個任務佔滿你的一天。“今天下午,我只讀一個章節,然後完成半頁問題。然後我去看一集《南方公園》,再去健身房。”這永遠比下面這種情況高效:“從現在開始,我要使勁學習,能學多少學多少……哦我的天已經深夜了,我才看到第五頁,我的房間裡都是泡麵的怪味兒。”

12. Give yourself incentive. There’s nothing worse than a gaping abyss of study time. If you know you’re going out in six hours, you’re more likely to get something done.

給自己一些激勵。沒有啥比落入苦學的無底深淵更糟糕了,如果你知道6個小時後就能出去玩,你就有可能更快完成功課。

13. Allow friends to confiscate your phone when they catch you playing Angry Birds. Oh and if you think you need a break, you probably don’t.

如果被朋友撞見你在玩遊戲,允許他們沒收你的手機。對了,如果你覺得需要歇會兒了,其實你並不需要。

✩ Phase III: Assignments

第三階段:作業

14. Stop highlighting. Underlining is supposed to keep you focused, but it’s actually a one-way ticket to Autopilot Brain. You zone out, look down, and suddenly you have five pages of neon green that you don’t remember reading. Write notes in the margins instead.

別用馬克筆劃重點了。把重點畫下來也許是為了讓自己更專注,但這有時候是縱容大腦開啟自動駕駛模式。你在那裡畫啊畫啊,然後你發現你畫綠了5頁書,什麼也沒看進腦子裡。不如在書的空白處記筆記吧。

15. Do all your own work. You get nothing out of copying a problem set. It’s also shady.

所有功課自己完成。抄作業什麼用也沒有,還挺不光彩的。

16. Read as much as you can. No way around it. Stop trying to cheat with Sparknotes.

儘量去看書,沒有捷徑。別再用文學指南網站來假裝自己看過書了。

17. Be a smart reader, not a robot (lol). Ask yourself: What is the author trying to prove? What is the logical progression of the argument? You can usually answer these questions by reading the introduction and conclusion of every chapter. Then, pick any two examples/anecdotes and commit them to memory (write them down). They will help you reconstruct the author’s argument later on.

做一個聰明的讀者,而不是機器人。問問自己:作者究竟想要證明什麼?他論證的邏輯脈絡是什麼?你可以從每章的開篇介紹及結論部分找到答案。然後找一兩個例子記下來(寫下來),日後它們會幫你重新構建作者的觀點。

18. Don’t read everything, but understand everything that you read. Better to have a deep understanding of a limited amount of material, than to have a vague understanding of an entire course. Once again: Vague is bad. Vague is a waste of your time.

不要想著讀遍所有的書,但是要理解你讀的每一本書。深刻理解有限的資料比模糊理解所有資料要好得多。再說一遍, 模稜兩可是很不好的,模稜兩可就是浪費時間。

19. Bullet points. For essays, summarizing, everything.

列出要點。用這種方式去寫論文,寫總結,做任何事情。

✩ Phase IV: Reading Period (Review Week)

第四階段:閱讀(複習周)

20. Once again: do not move into the library. Eat, sleep, and bathe.

再說一遍,別住進圖書館。要吃,要睡,要洗澡。

21. If you don’t understand it, it will definitely be on the exam. Solution: textbooks; the internet.

如果這個知識點你不會,那它就一定會被考到。解決辦法就是,回去看教材, 上網查資料。

22. Do all the practice problems. This one is totally tiger mom.

一道練習題都不要放過,這是虎媽教的。

23. People are often contemptuous of rote learning. Newsflash: even at great intellectual bastions like Harvard, you will be required to memorize formulas, names and dates. To memorize effectively: stop reading your list over and over again. It doesn’t work. Say it out loud, write it down. Remember how you made friends? Have them quiz you, then return the favor.

人們總是輕視死記硬背。 但是你知道嗎,即便在哈佛這種聰明人云集的地方,你還是會被要求背誦公式、人名、日期。怎樣背誦才能更有效呢?別把你要背的東西反覆看來看去了,沒用的。要大聲念出來,寫下來。還記得你交的朋友嗎?讓他們考考你,你也考考他們。

24. Again with the friends: ask them to listen while you explain a difficult concept to them. This forces you to articulate your understanding. Remember, vague is bad.

還是和朋友有關的建議,你可以讓他們聽你解釋一個很難的概念,這會逼著你清楚表達你所理解的知識。記得我說的嗎,模稜兩可是很不好的。

25. Go for the big picture. Try to figure out where a specific concept fits into the course as a whole. This will help you tap into Big Themes – every class has Big Themes – which will streamline what you need to know. You can learn a million facts, but until you understand how they fit together, you’re missing the point.

掌握宏觀的知識脈絡。弄明白一個具體概念是在你所學的知識的哪一部分,這會幫你掌握一個大理論,而每一門課都會有一個大理論,它會幫你串起所有的知識點。你會學到無數個知識點,但是隻有當你把知識點都串起來了,你才不會錯過要點。

✩ Phase V: Exam Day

第五階段:考試

26. Crush exam. Get A.

完爆試卷,考個A!

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