初高中简明英语语法 — 倒装句
一. 概述：
倒装的意思就是把谓语动词放在主语前。
倒装主要有两种：
1. 部分倒装，就是将谓语动词里的助动词（have, has, had或is, am, are,was,were等）放在主语前，或在主语前加助动词(do, does,或did)，谓语动词还在主语后，如：
Are you tired? 你累不累？
Has your mother talked to your maths teacher?
你妈妈和数学老师谈过吗？
Not till I got home did I realise my wallet was missing.
我回到家才发现钱包不见了。
2. 完全倒装，就是将谓语动词放在主语前，不用其他助动词。一般用在地点状语在句首的句子。
On the stairs was sitting a small dark-haired girl.
楼梯上坐着一个浅黑色头发的小姑娘。
Here comes the bus! 公交车来了！
On the top of the hill stands an old oak tree.
山头上矗立着一颗老橡树。
二. 使用倒装结构的主要句型：
1. 疑问句：
Have you seen professor Li recently?
最近见到过李教授没？
Are you from the USA?
你是美国人吗？
Can you help me with my English?
你能帮我学英语吗？
2.否定意思的状语在句首：
Seldom do we see such an amazing display of dance.
我们很少能欣赏到如此美妙的舞蹈表演。
Little did he know!
他知道的很少！
Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.
你难得听到如此美妙的音乐。
Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.
我刚上床电话响了。
Scarcely had I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.
我前脚刚下车，公交车就撞上了一辆小轿车。
No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.
我们刚进家门警察就登门造访了。
Never had she seen such a beautiful sight before.
她以前从没见过如此的美景。
Not only does he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.
他不但喜欢吃巧克力和糖果还抽烟。
Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.
我从没遇到过这么糟糕的服务。
In no way do I agree with what you're saying.
我绝不会同意你说的话。
On no account should you do anything without asking me first.
你绝不能未经我的同意就擅自行动。
Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.
只有到那时我才明白为什么发生了这样的悲剧。
Only in this way could John earn enough money to survive.
约翰只有这样才能赚够生活需要的钱。
4. 在neither（也不）, nor（也不）, so（也）和as（正如，一样）后：
- I enjoy staying at home reading on weekends. - So do I.
— 周末我喜欢待在家里看看书。 — 我也是。
- I don't like wine. - Nor do I.
— 我不喜欢葡萄酒。 — 我也不喜欢。
He didn't pass the exam. neither did I.
他考试没及格。我也没。
5. if 条件句中，表示虚拟语气，经常省略if，改为倒装句：
If I had been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.
Had I been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.
如果我在那，这问题就不会发生。
If I were you, I would let her try.
Were I you, I would let her try.
我要是你的话，就让她试试。
If it should rain, we would have to put off the football match.
Should it rain, we would have to put off the football match.
天要是下雨的话，我们将不得不推迟足球赛。
6. so ... that... 句型，so在句首：
The food was so delicious that we ate every last bite.
So delicious was the food that we ate every last bite.
食物太美味了，我们全吃了个精光。