掌握聽力文本的關鍵在於理清聽力結構，理清聽力結構的本質即利用邏輯連接關鍵詞
老規矩，先來一篇聽力，難度等級：高
後文以該聽力文本為例，講述通過深入理解關鍵詞含義從而引申理順邏輯的方法，文末附有聽力過程中整理筆記的方法及常用的邏輯符號推薦。
1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To discuss recent innovations in laboratory equipment
B. To give an example of a practical use for a particular scientific technique
C. To familiarize students with the chemical composition of paint pigments
D. To show how researchers were able to restore a particular work of art
2.What does the professor imply when he mentions an art historian?
A. Art historians have been learning how to use spectroscopes.
B. Scientists need to learn how art historians analyze paintings.
C. Confirming the authenticity of artworks requires collaboration.
D. Spectroscopic analysis can help identify a painter’s techniques.
3.Why does the professor discuss the presence of zinc in paint pigments?
A. To explain why some paints may deteriorate over the course of time
B. To stress the need for caution when attempting to restore old artworks
C. To show how pigments differ from varnishes and binding agents
D. To show how spectroscopy can help establish the age of a painting
4.According to the professor, what is the primary advantage of spectroscopy over other laboratory methods for analyzing artworks?
A. It does not damage the artworks.
B. It provides a more accurate analysis than other methods do.
C. It uses equipment that can be transferred to other locations.
D. It can be used by individuals with little scientific training.
5.What is one way the professor mentions that chemists can help with art restoration?
A. By re-creating the pigments and binding agents used by artists of earlier eras
B. By removing pigments and binding agents that dissolve paintings over time
C. By creating protective coatings of paint that do not damage original paintings
D. By developing ways to safely remove paint added by previous restorers
6.Why does the professor say this: Now, a word or two about restoration
A. He is searching for a synonym for the term.
B. He is not sure how much information the students need.
C. He is going to briefly address a related topic.
D. He is giving the students a writing assignment.
答案： 1B 2C 3D 4A 5D 6C
這篇聽力的難度等級較高，主要表現在通過對文章整體邏輯把握後進行推測才能得出答案的題目數量多（1、2、3、6題），如果只是零零星星地記下詞語而無邏輯聯繫，很難把題目做對
1.What is the main purpose of the lecture ?文章目的
B. To give an example of a practical use for a particular scientific technique
2.What does the professor imply when he mentions an art historian?為什麼提到藝術歷史學家
C. Confirming the authenticity of artworks requires collaboration.
3.Why does the professor discuss the presence of zinc in paint pigments?為什麼專家討論鋅出現在顏料中
D. To show how spectroscopy can help establish the age of a painting
4.According to the professor, what is the primary advantage of spectroscopy over other laboratory methods for analyzing artworks?光譜學的最重要的優點是（第四題答案出處）
A. It does not damage the artworks.
5.What is one way the professor mentions that chemists can help with art restoration?化學家能夠對藝術品保護起什麼作用
D. By developing ways to safely remove paint added by previous restorers
6.Why does the professor say this:Now, a word or two about restoration.為什麼專家說：現在簡要聊聊保存
C. He is going to briefly address a related topic.
加粗部分為文本中需要留意的詞彙，方框部分為本文關鍵詞；理順邏輯的方法在段末筆記中進行闡述。
Listen to part of a lecture in a chemistry class. 先確定lecture的背景-化學課，對下文有一定預測提示作用，是筆記中必須要記錄的部分，可以事先準備好縮寫，如：astr-astronomy chem-chemistry bio-biology，一般寫出前兩個音節發音即可
筆記
Chem
MALE PROFESSOR
OK, I know you all have a lot of questions about this lab assignment that’s coming up, so I’m gonna take a little time this morning to discuss it.這類屬於引入句沒有實際內容，筆記可以非常簡單地記錄Q-ab assignment: （-about :discuss）
So you know the assignment has to do with spectroscopy, right? And your readings should help you get a good idea of what that’s all about. But let’s talk about spectroscopy a little now, just to cover the basics.關鍵詞通常會多次重複出現，一般都是以原形出現，有時以同義詞、代詞出現；對於關鍵詞是生詞的情況，一定要仔細分析前後文內容，在一次次重複出現中猜測關鍵詞的意思。
What is spectroscopy? Well, the simplest definition I can give you is that spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and light. Now visible light consists of different colors, or wavelengths, which together make up what’s called a spectrum—a band of colors, like you see in a rainbow. And all substances—all forms of matter—can be distinguished according to what wavelengths of light they absorb and which ones they reflect. It’s like—well, every element has what we’d call its own spectral signature; if we can read that signature, we can identify the element. And that’s exactly what spectroscopy does.此外，對於一些專業詞彙，文中會用簡單的語句加以解釋，理清這個專業詞彙的定義有助於對後文的理解，但請注意在沒有時間的情況下不強求用筆記下詞彙意思，直接考查定義的概率非常小
筆記
spectroscopy-SP: matter↔light ｛color wavelengths
spectrum: colors
Distinguish by wavelength
Spectral signature identify
（spectroscopy-SP-SP意思是後文該單詞將簡寫為SP）
Now laser spectroscopy, which is the focus of your assignment, works by measuring, very precisely, what parts of the spectrum are absorbed by different substances. And it has applications in a lot of different disciplines. And your assignment will be to choose a discipline that interests you and devise an experiment. For example, I’m gonna talk about art—I’m interested in art. And to me, it’s interesting how spectroscopy is used to analyze art.
Let’s say a museum curator comes to you with a problem. She’s come across this painting that appears to be an original—say a Rembrandt（*重要生詞）—and she wants to acquire it for her museum. But she’s got a problem: She’s not absolutely certain it’s an original . So what do you do? How do you determine whether the painting’s authentic?*重要生詞指的是那些如果認識這個詞的話將非常有助於理解下列內容，此處為倫勃朗（著名畫家名）；對於這方面基本知識儲備的同學聽後文會很輕鬆，所以在日常生活中可以有意識地積累考試相關的一些基礎知識；如果不認識這個詞或者沒反應過來的話，請注意該次多次重複出現，可以從後文中猜測其為畫家名
筆記
museum curator ❤ Rembrandt-Re ？ orginal How authentic
OK, think about the scientific process. You’ve got a question: Is the painting a Rembrandt? So first, you’d need to make a list of characteristics the painting would have to have to be a Rembrandt. Then you have to discover whether the painting in question has those characteristics.
筆記
Characteristics have or not
So first of all, you’ll need to know the techniques Rembrandt used when he applied paint to canvas— his brushstrokes, how thickly he applied his paint—so you’d need to work with an art historian who has expert knowledge of Rembrandt’s style. You’d have to know when he created his paintings, um, what pigments he used—in other words, what ingredients he used to make different colors of paint. ’Cause the ingredients used in paints and binding agents—plus varnishes, finishes, what have you—have changed over time. Since you’re trying to verify if it’s a Rembrandt, the ingredients in the pigment would need to have been used during Rembrandt’s lifetime, in the seventeenth century. And that’s where chemistry comes in. You’ve got to find out what’s in those pigments—learn their composition. And that requires lab work—detective work , really—in a word, spectroscopy.
筆記
｛ technique ＆ art historian pigment=ingredients of color binding agent ~
Lifetime 1700s
So how do we use spectroscopy? Well, we put an infrared microscope—a spectroscope—on tiny, tiny bits of paint, and using ultraviolet light, we can see the spectral signature of each component part of the pigment. Then we compare these signatures with those of particular elements, like zinc or lead, to determine what the pigment was made of.
筆記
SP + tiny bits + ulatraviolet light → spectral signature → compare zinc or lead → determine what ○→
So you can see why this type of analysis requires a knowledge of the history of pigments, right? How and when they were made. Say we determine a pigment was made with zinc, for example. We know the spectral signature of zinc, and it matches that of the paint sample. We also know that zinc wasn’t discovered until the eighteenth century. And since Rembrandt lived during the seventeenth century, we know he couldn’t’ve painted it.
筆記
History how when
e.g. Zinc match × 1800 ×paint
Now spectroscopy has a very distinct advantage over previous methods of analyzing artworks because it’s not invasive—you don’t have to remove big chips of paint to do your analysis, which is what other methods require. All you do is train the microscope on tiny flecks of paint and analyze them.（第四題答案出處）
筆記
√· × invasive
Now, a word or two about restoration. Sometimes, original artworks appear questionable or inauthentic because they’ve had so many restorers add touch-up layers to cover up damage—damage from the paint having deteriorated over time. Well, spectroscopy can reveal the composition of those touch-up layers too, so we can find out when they were applied. Then, if we want to undo some bad restoration attempts, we can determine what kind of process we can use to remove them—to dissolve the paint and uncover the original.
筆記
/ restore add layer → cover damage
Undo □√ process
全文關鍵詞和邏輯理順後以筆記記錄下來如下，清晰的筆記意味著對關鍵詞和邏輯的充分掌握，也是提高正確率的關鍵。
需要注意的是，需要在平時做題過程中去總結常見的出題點：主旨、例子（細節、作用）、對比、結尾（另一話題、轉折）；以提高對文章邏輯的預測能力，避免筆記經常記到非重點的情況：定義解釋、開頭引入部分
總而言之，託福聽力重點在於對全文文意的把握，出題點永遠落在文章中心邏輯線上，前後聯繫，重複出現的內容都是重要的出題點。
以下為筆記縮寫小結，供參考
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