詞彙是英語學習的基礎,分析近幾年的高考真題,不難發現熟詞生義、一詞多義已然成為命題重點和難點。接下來我們來看一下2019年高考真題中考查到的熟詞生義。
1.trip 熟義:n. 旅行 生義:v. 絆倒
高考原句:(2019全國I 閱讀B)
Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. .
克里斯在發“-ld”音時磕巴了,許多母語不是英語的人在發這個音時都有點困難。
巧記詞義:
trip作動詞時有“絆倒”的意思,可以理解為走路磕磕絆絆,在這話中引申為“說話磕磕絆絆”,即“磕巴”。
鞏固練習:
① She tripped on the stairs and almost fell. 釋義: 絆倒
② She took a trip to Europe. 釋義:旅行
2. mean 熟義:v. 意思是 生義: adj. 不善良的,刻薄的
高考原句:(2019全國 I閱讀D)
Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.
而在我進入少年、青少年之後,遇到了很多壞女孩和酷女孩。
巧記詞義:
mean的熟義和生義差得有點遠,生義雖然不常見,但Mean Girls(《賤女孩》)這部很有名的電影大家可能比較熟悉。影片講述的是女主人公轉到一所高中後,慢慢加入到了一個“壞女孩組織”,但在最後成長蛻變的故事。相信看了這部電影后,你會對mean這個詞有更深刻的理解。
鞏固練習:
① Why are you being so mean to me? 釋義:刻薄的
② In modern Welsh, “glas” means “blue”. 釋義:意思是
3.tap 熟義:v. 輕敲,輕拍
生義:v. 發掘,利用高考原句:(2019全國I 閱讀D)
The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
討人喜歡的人能與他人很好地相處,從而增強校園友誼,激發人際交往能力。這些能力如能及早發掘,將會在未來的工作和生活中得以應用。
巧記詞義:
可以將熟義和生義聯合起來記憶:拍拍腦門,靈感便來。靈感便是發掘大腦的結果。
鞏固練習:
① Grace tapped on the bedroom door and went in. 釋義:輕敲,輕拍
② We need to tap the professional knowledge of the people we already have. 釋義:發掘,利用
4.employ 熟義:v. 僱用 生義:v. 應用,利用
高考原句:(2019全國I 閱讀D)
The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
討人喜歡的人能與他人很好地相處,從而增強校園友誼,激發人際交往能力。這些能力如能及早發掘,將會在未來的工作和生活中得以應用。
巧記詞義:
employ作“僱用”時講,它的對象是人,作“應用”時講,它的對象是物。二者都有用的意思,只不過對象不同。
鞏固練習:
① You should find better ways to employ your time. 釋義:利用
② She’s been employed as a gardener for many years. 釋義:僱傭
5.shade 熟義:n. 陰涼處,背陰 生義:n. 濃淡深淺;色度
高考原句:(2019全國I 完型)
I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.
我看到了十二種深淺不一的綠色。
巧記詞義:
物體的陰影——陰涼處,背陰;顏色的陰影——濃淡深淺。
鞏固練習:
① These plants grow well in shade. 釋義:陰涼處
② The walls were painted in two shades of green. 釋義:色度
6.read 熟義:v. 閱讀 生義:n. (好的 / 有意思的)書(或文章等)
高考原句:
Here she picks her top reads.
這裡她選出了幾本最好的書.
巧記詞義:
此詞較好理解和記憶,作動詞講是“閱讀”書,作名詞講是被閱讀的“書”。
鞏固練習:
① The book is an easy read. 釋義:書
② Have you read this book? 釋義:閱讀
7.escape 熟義:v. 逃跑 生義:n. 解脫;消遣
高考原句:
A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
午餐時的暫時解脫能讓她免受老闆的差遣.
巧記詞義:
解脫其實就是一種逃離,逃離自己不喜歡的事物或環境。
鞏固練習:
① For me television is an escape. 釋義:消遣
②They are reported to have escaped to the other side of the border. 釋義:逃離
8.home熟義:n. 家 生義:n. 發源地
高考原句:
… A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion shows. 美國A+E電視網公司是一家環球傳媒公司、舉辦過一些大型時裝秀。
巧記詞義:
home的基本義是“家”,某事物的家便是其“發源地”.
鞏固練習:
① New Orleans, the home of jazz. 釋義:發源地
② While travelling she missed the comforts of home. 釋義:家
9.fuel熟 義: n. 燃料生義:v. 刺激,加強
高考原句:
… how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. 幾個世紀以來中國是如何啟迪時尚想象力的。
巧記詞義:
fuel的基本義是“燃料”,給某一事物不斷地提供燃料,便是“加強、刺激”某物。這是一個由具體到抽象的過程。
鞏固練習:
① By now the plane was running out of fuel. 釋義:燃料
②The criticism she has faced has only fueled her determination to succeed. 釋義:加強
10.value 熟義:n. 價值 生義:n. 值,數值
高考原句: (2019全國III閱讀D)
… they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. 猴子們在運算,而不僅僅是記住每次相加的數值。
巧記詞義:
商品的“價值”可以用具體的“數值”來體現。由“價值”到“數值”是由抽象到具體的轉變。
鞏固練習:
① If x + 3 = 5, what is the value of x? 釋義:數值
②I believe that all that you go through here must have some value. 釋義:價值
11.attack 熟義:v. 襲擊 生義:v. 抨擊
高考原句: (2019全國III七選五)
When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.
當一名學生在社交媒體上公然抨擊一名教授時,他/她所使用的語言已經很說明這個學生的問題了。
巧記詞義:
身體的攻擊是“襲擊”;言語的攻擊是“抨擊”。
鞏固練習:
① We should attack the enemy from behind. 釋義:襲擊
② There have been many attacks against the professor for her position on the issue. 釋義:抨擊
12.live熟義:v. 住;活著 生義:adv. 在現場直播
高考原句:
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. 當披頭士應邀參加BBC的現場直播後,他們通過全國巡演迅速在英國躥紅。
巧記詞義:
“現場直播”的內容都是當場產生的,是“鮮活”的。
鞏固練習:
① The show is going out live. 釋義:直播
② The doctor said he only had six month to live. 釋義:活
13.single熟義:adj. 單一的,單個的 生義:n. 一元紙幣
高考原句:(2019浙江閱讀B)
Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. 標牌上的鈔票大多是一元紙幣,但有幾個人留下了五元的,十元的,甚至是二十元的紙幣。
巧記詞義:
single的基本義是“單個的”,單個的紙幣便是“一元紙幣”。
鞏固練習:
① He sent her a single rose. 釋義:一個
② Do you have five singles for this five? 釋義:一元紙幣
14.across 熟義:prep. 從……的一邊到另一邊 生義:adv. 寬
高考原句:
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests …
在加州46 000多平方英里的森林中,直徑大於兩英尺的樹木數量減少了50%。
巧記詞義:
一個物體從一邊到另一邊的長度便是這個物體的“寬”。
鞏固練習:
① The snails are no larger than one centimeter across. 釋義:寬
② We saw them walking across the street. 釋義:跨過
15.name熟義:n. 名字,名稱生義:v. 選中,評為
高考原句:
John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
約翰·列儂和保羅·麥卡特尼被評為年度最佳作曲家。
巧記詞義:
被“選中”、被“評為”的過程就是一個被冠以某一“稱號(名稱)”的過程。
鞏固練習:
① She has been named the winner of the competition. 釋義:評為
② Please sign your name on this line. 釋義:名字
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