【名稱】粉彩開窗仕女圖梅瓶
【類別】瓷器
【高度】22cm
【口徑】5.1cm
[name] pink color window picture plum bottle
[category] porcelain
[height] 22cm
[caliber] 5.1cm
清代粉彩瓷的圖案紋飾，可謂百花爭豔，異彩紛呈，其中仕女圖也是經常選用的題材之一。這裡介紹的一件粉彩開窗仕女圖梅瓶(見圖)就是清早期的典型器物。仕女圖，亦稱仕女畫，是以中國封建社會中上層婦女生活為題材的繪畫，為歷代瓷器裝飾的典型紋飾之一，它最早始於唐代長沙窯瓷器，宋元時期，因盛行花鳥畫，仕女圖少見。至明清時期，特別是清晚期，仕女圖的繪畫大為發展。這時的仕女畫衣帶飄然，婀娜多姿，妙筆傳神。加上畫工精細，色彩豔麗，具有獨特的時代特色。正如清代高崇瑞的《松下清齋集》裡所云；“天下名山勝水，奇花異烏，惟美人一身可兼之，雖使荊、關潑墨，崔、艾揮筆，不若美女之集大成也。”說明當時之所以重視仕女圖繪畫的原因所在。正因為如此，這時期的仕女圖在創作上日益脫離現實生話而趨向一種想象化、程式化的表現，注重姿態優美，淡雅飄逸，將仕女的形象繪畫得貌若天仙，絕代美人。並把西方繪畫的優點融入到作品之中，給後來人物畫技術的革新地開闢了道路。
In the Qing Dynasty, the patterns and decorations of pastel porcelain can be described as colorful and colorful. Among them, the female figure is one of the themes often used. This is a typical example of early Qing Dynasty. The painting of an official woman, also known as the painting of an official woman, is one of the typical ornaments decorated with porcelain in the past dynasties. It first began in the Changsha porcelain of the Tang Dynasty, and in the song and Yuan Dynasties, as a result of the flourished flower and bird painting, the paintings of women were rare. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the late Qing Dynasty, the paintings of the maiden pictures were greatly developed. At this time, the ladies painted their clothes and drifted, graceful and wonderful. Plus fine painter, colorful, unique characteristics of the times. As the Qing Dynasty Gao Chongrui's "Panasonic Qing Zhai collection" in the cloud, "the world famous mountains and rivers, strange flowers and different black, only beauty can be both, although it makes Jing, Guan Pomo, Cui, AI wave pen, not if the beauty of the collection." The reason why we paid attention to the painting of the female figure at that time was explained. Because of this, the painting of the women in this period is increasingly divorced from reality and tends to be an imaginative and stylized expression, paying attention to graceful posture, elegant and elegant, painting the image of an official woman as a fairy and a beauty. And integrating the advantages of Western painting into works, it opened up the way for the reform of figure painting techniques later.
總之清代的粉彩仕女圖瓷器，不僅胎質細潔縝密，胎骨薄勻，釉色白中閃青，且繪畫細膩，毫髮清晰，色彩淡雅豔麗，富有濃郁的中國畫之韻味，充分給人們以美的藝術享受。
In short, the Qing Dynasty's Pink Ladies map porcelain, not only fine and meticulous fetal quality, thin fetal bone thin, glaze white flicker, and painting delicate, clear, elegant color, rich in Chinese painting, full of beauty of the artistic enjoyment of the people.
梅瓶是傳統名瓷，梅瓶是一種小口、短頸、豐肩 、瘦底、圈足的瓶式，以口小隻能插梅枝而得名。因瓶體修長，宋時稱為“經瓶”，作盛酒用器，造型挺秀、俏麗，明朝以後被稱為梅瓶。 梅瓶也稱"經瓶"，最早出現於唐代，宋遼時期較為流行，並且出現了許多新品種。近代許之衡在《飲流齋說瓷》一書中詳細地描述了梅瓶的形制、特徵及名稱由來："梅瓶口細而頸短，肩極寬博，至脛稍狹，抵於足微豐，口徑之小僅與梅之瘦骨相稱，故名梅瓶。"關於梅瓶的用途，磁州窯白地黑花梅瓶器腹有“清沽美酒”與“醉鄉酒海”的詩句。梅瓶既是酒器，又是一件令人愛不釋手的觀賞品。因此，這類器多製作精美，不但考慮到貯酒容量，還要注意造型優美。
The plum bottle is a traditional Chinese porcelain. The plum bottle is a small bottle, short neck, shoulder shoulder, thin bottom, and bottle type. Because of its slender body, it was called "Jing Jing" in Song Dynasty. It was used as a wine container. Its shape was beautiful and beautiful. After the Ming Dynasty, it was called the plum bottle. The plum bottle, also known as "Jing Jing", first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and was popular in the song and Liao dynasties, and many new varieties appeared. The modern Xu Zhiheng described the form, characteristics and name of the plum bottle in his book "Yin Liu Zhai porcelain" in detail. "The plum bottle is thin and the neck is short, the shoulder is very wide, to the tibiae and narrow, to the foot and the micro abundance. The small caliber is only proportionate to the thin bone of Mei Zhi, so it is named the plum bottle. "About the use of plum bottles, there are" Qing Gu Mei wine "and" drunken wine sea "in the Ci Zhou kiln. The plum bottle is not only a wine implement but also an admirable ornamental product. Therefore, this kind of device is exquisitely made, not only taking into account the capacity of liquor storage, but also paying attention to the beautiful shape.
到了明清，御窯廠大量製造各式各樣的梅瓶，而且造型越來越優美。有的用來裝酒，供皇帝使用。有的便成為了宮廷陳設品。
明代的梅瓶造型，比例偏低；口部圓渾厚實，沒有明顯的線角轉折；肩部向上抬起，線條飽滿而有力；腹部之下，呈垂直狀，有的微向裡收；在足部的結束部分，稍向外撇。有的白釉梅瓶肩部有青花楷書“內府”二字，當屬宮內用器。
清乾隆的梅瓶肩部特別豐滿，幾乎成一條直線，腰部以下收得較直。梅瓶講究圖案化，龍紋較死板。
清嘉慶年間的梅瓶造型多樣，有的向寬短型發展，有的向瘦長型發展，胎體與乾隆時期區別不大，釉色的白度較乾隆時高，而釉的質地較乾隆時有所下降。梅瓶花紋比較多樣，但藝術品位較乾隆時期差。
如果說宋代的梅瓶造型挺秀、俏麗，富於女性的特徵的話，那麼明代的梅瓶則是雄健、敦厚，富於男性的特徵。至於清代的梅瓶，由於造型比例不當，給人以不諧調和不完整的感覺，不及明代的水平。
明清梅瓶在器形上略有區別,明代梅瓶,肩部較豐,脛部肥碩。清代梅瓶,肩豐碩而挺闊,脛部內收,至近底處又微撇。以景德鎮窯製品最佳,有各色釉和彩繪裝飾。其中,肩部有墨書或青花楷書“內府”二字者,是宮內用器。清人因瓶口小僅能插入梅花枝而叫“梅瓶”。清乾隆的梅瓶肩部特別豐滿，幾乎成一條直線．腰部以下收得較直．梅瓶講究圖案化，龍紋較死板。嘉慶年間的梅瓶造型多樣，有的向寬短型發展，有的向瘦長型發展，胎體與乾隆時期區別不大，釉色的白度較乾隆時高，而釉的質地較乾隆時有所下降。梅瓶花紋比較多樣。
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the imperial kiln factory produced a large number of various kinds of plum bottles, and the shapes became more and more beautiful. Some are used for wine to be used by the emperor. Some became the palace furnishings.
In the Ming Dynasty, the styling of the plum bottle was on the low side; the mouth was thick and thick, there was no obvious line angle; the shoulder was raised up and the lines were full and powerful; under the abdomen, it was vertical, some slightly collected, and at the end of the foot, a little outward. Some white glazed plum bottles have two characters on the shoulders of the blue and white>
The Qing Dynasty Qianlong's plum bottle shoulders were especially plump, almost straight, and straight below the waist. The plum bottle pays attention to the patterning, the dragon pattern is more rigid.
In the period of the Qing Jiaqing, the styling of the plum bottle varied, some to the broad and short type development, some to the thin and long development, the fetal body and Qian Long time difference is not big, the glaze color is higher than Qian Long, and the glaze texture is lower than when Qian Long. The patterns of plum bottles are various, but their artistic taste is worse than that of the Qianlong period.
If the plum bottles in the Song Dynasty are beautiful, beautiful and rich in women's characteristics, then the Ming Dynasty's plum bottles are vigorous, honest and full of men's characteristics. As for the plum bottles in the Qing Dynasty, due to improper proportions, it gave people a feeling of inharmony and incompleteness, which was not as good as that of the Ming Dynasty.
In Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a slight difference in the shape of the plum vase. In the Qing Dynasty, the plum bottles were rich and broad, and the tibia was adducted to the bottom. Jingdezhen kiln products are best decorated with coloured glazes and coloured paintings. Among them, there are two characters in the shoulders, which are ink books or blue and white>
2018新加坡春季拍賣會
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