語法祕籍之形容詞解析整理(一)

語法秘籍之形容詞解析整理(一) | 考研英語

一、作定語的形容詞

1. 絕大部分形容詞既可作定語又可作表語,但少數形容詞只能作定語,放在名詞前,常見的有: daily,weekly,monthly,former,latter,woolen,wooden;也有少數形容詞只能作表語,置於 be 後,這些表語形容詞一般以字母 a 開頭。

如:afraid alive alone alike ashamed/awake aware asleep afire

例句:This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of 80 European television networks, no less than 50 took a loss in 1989. (2005 年第 48 題)

分析:該句是複合句,含有多個從句,a fact underlined by statistics that 後接一定語從句,show 後又接一賓語從句,其中 no less than 可譯為“不少於,至少”;take a loss 譯為“虧本,賠本”。

譯文:僅這一點就足以證明,要在電視行業裡生存下來並非易事,統計數字尤其說明了這一事實: 在歐洲國家的 80 個電視網絡中,多達一半的公司在1989 年虧損。

語法秘籍之形容詞解析整理(一) | 考研英語

2.作定語的形容詞一般用作前置修飾語,但在下列情況中,形容詞作後置定語。

(1)名詞詞組的中心詞為 some,any,no 等構成的合成詞。

例句:I'd say whenever you are going after something belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal. (1997 年第 21 題)

分析:該句是複合句,從句 who is depriving you of the right to have it 作anyone 的定語,whenever you are going after something belonging to you 作 say 的賓語從句中的狀語。譯文:我想說無論什麼時候當你追求某種屬於你的東西時,任何想剝奪你擁有它的權利的人都是在犯罪。

(2)帶有不定式、介詞短語等的形容詞短語。

例句:Any student careful enough to take the exam is sure to succeed in the end.

分析:該句是簡單句,careful enough to take the exam 作定語修飾 student。

譯文:參加考試的任何一位學生只要足夠細心最終就一定會取得成功。(3)某些形容詞作後置定語。

present,available,involved,concerned,martial(軍事的),general,proper等作後置定語,如:

the member present (出席的成員)

court martial (軍事法庭)

Secretary General (秘書長)

例句:I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite arbitrary. (1998 年第 37 題)

分析:該句是複合句。

譯文:我沒有意識到問題的關鍵所在,因此我的抉擇十分武斷。

例句:There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a glimpse of him. (1998 年第 22 題)

分析:該句是複合句。

譯文:來的人很多,而他只到場一會兒,所以我只見了他一眼。

語法秘籍之形容詞解析整理(一) | 考研英語

3. 表度量的形容詞。

例句:There is a heavily polluted river 100 meters long in front of our small playground.

分析:該句是簡單句。

譯文:我們小操場前有一條長 100 米被嚴重汙染的河。

4. 形容詞並列用作定語時的位置。

限定詞→數量(序數前、基數後)→形狀→大小、長短、高低等度量→新舊→顏色→國籍→ 材料

例 句:I have never seen these beautiful round multi colored Chinese cloisonne(景泰藍) vases in my first three years in China.

分析:該句是簡單句。

譯文:在中國的最初三年中,我從來沒有見過這些顏色各異的圓形中式景泰藍花瓶。

語法秘籍之形容詞解析整理(一) | 考研英語

二、主客觀意義易混淆的形容詞

主觀意義,如:contemptuous (表示輕蔑的)/desirous (渴望的)/envious (羨慕別人的)/expressive (表情豐富的)/forgetful (健忘的)/imaginative (富於想象的)/perceptive (感覺敏銳的)/persuasive (能說服的,有說服力的)/respectful (表示尊敬的)/tolerant (容忍的,容許的)

客觀意義,如:/contemptible (輕視的,卑劣的)/desirable (值得要的,想要的)/enviable (令人羨慕的)/expressible (可表達出來的)/forgettable (可忘記的)/imaginable (可想象出來的)/perceptible (可感覺的)/persuasible (可說服的,聽話的)/respectable (可敬的)/tolerable (可容忍的)

例句:The authors are witheringly contemptuous of the bogus equation of tidiness and morality, for example, in corporate “clean desk” policies.

分析:該句是簡單句。

譯文:作者毫不留情地批評了將整潔與道德相等同的做法,例如,公司內“清潔辦公桌”的政策。

例句:We should be alert to the possibility that individuals, organizations or governments tend to pied a worthy goal in excuse of their contemptible means and selfish interests.

分析:該句是複合句,that individuals,organizations or governments tend to...作 possibility 的同位語。

譯文:我們應當警惕這種可能性: 個人、組織或政府以高尚的目標作為他們採取卑鄙手段 和獲取私利的藉口。

語法秘籍之形容詞解析整理(一) | 考研英語

三、the+形容詞(分詞形容詞)

the+形容詞(分詞形容詞)表示一類人或一類事物,後接謂語動詞複數。

如:the poor (窮人)/the blind (盲人)/the deaf (聾子)/the few/the many (少數人/多數人)/the dying (奄奄一息的人)/the killed (死了的人)/the oppressed (被壓迫的人們)/the aged,the weak,the sick and the disabled (老弱病殘)/the living (活著的人)

例句:The old are cared well in a home for the poor and aged.

譯文:老人在養老院裡得到了很好的照料。

例句:The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.

少數詞接單數動詞,如: the departed/the deceased (死者), the beautiful (美好的事物), the unexpected (意外情況)。

例句:The deceased has been sent to the funeral parlor.

語法秘籍之形容詞解析整理(一) | 考研英語

四、複合形容詞

有些形容詞由兩部分或更多部分組成,稱為複合形容詞,如:three-year-old child (三歲的孩子)/six-storied building (六層的樓房)/one-eyed donkey (一隻眼的驢)

其他如:prep. /adj. /n. /adv.+p.p.(分詞)/off-putting (令人討厭的)/nit-picking (找茬的,吹毛求疵的)/free-living (生活無拘束的)/hard-wearing (耐穿的)/star-crossed (命運不佳的,倒黴的)/tender-hearted (心腸軟的,慈善的)/well-intentioned (善意的,好心的)

例句: People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in densely populated areas. (1999 年第 27 題)

分析: 該句是複合句,其中 those living...相當於 those who live in...。

譯文:住在小鎮上的人似乎往往比住在人口稠密地區的人更為友好。

例句:In this way these insects show an efficient use of their sound-producing ability, organizing two sounds delivered at a high rate as one call. (1997 年第 16 題)

分析:該句是簡單句,organizing two sounds delivered...作伴隨狀語。

譯文:通過這種方式這些昆蟲能展示它們高超的發音功能,在很高的頻率下發出兩種聲波作為一次鳴叫。

語法秘籍之形容詞解析整理(一) | 考研英語

五、一些本身有比較意義的形容詞

英語中絕大多數形容詞都可以用來表示比較意義,但有一部分形容詞本身已經帶有比較的含義, 因此這些詞沒有比較級和最高級形式,如:only, mere, sole, extreme, supreme, perfect, single, real, utmost, eternal, principal, chief, main, empty, matchless, unique, wonderful, square 等。

例句:My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I stumbled upon at a garage sale. (2001 年第 22 題)

分析:該句是複合句,I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc 與 I stumbled upon at a garage sale 是兩個定語從句,分別修飾 the one 和 Edison disc。

譯文:在一次現場舊貨出售中我偶然碰到一張 1923 年的愛迪生唱片,從那張唱片上我第一次聽到了我最喜歡的廣播歌曲。

語法秘籍之形容詞解析整理(一) | 考研英語


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