經濟學人|女兒本應一馬當先

女性,在職場總是會受到各類有形無形的歧視,然而事實上女性在很多領域的價值是不遜於甚至勝過男性的,今天我們來看一下在風險投資中女性有怎樣的特別影響……

Venture capital---Girl power

風險資本——女孩力量

How having a daughter boosts investors’ returns

擁有一個女兒將如何提升投資者回報

【1】RICHARD NESBITT, a former chief operating officer at the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, has long been an evangelist for women in business. In “Results at the Top”, a book he wrote with Barbara Annis, he describes his efforts to convince men to promote women. When speaking to bosses, he stresses data showing that companies with more senior women are more successful. But he has noticed that men with daughters tend to be more receptive to his message. At least for venture-capital (VC) firms, recent research confirms this observation, as well as the assertion that gender diversityboosts performance.

chief:[tʃiːf] n.首領;酋長;族長;頭目 adj.最重要的;首要的;主要的;最高級別的

evangelist:[ɪˈvændʒəlɪst] n.福音傳教士;聖經新約福音書的作者,福音傳道者

convince:[kən'vɪns] v.說服;使確信;使相信;使信服

receptive:[rɪ'septɪv] adj.善於接受的;能容納的;有接受力的;感受的,感官的

assertion:[əˈsɜ:rʃn] n.主張;聲稱;使用;明確肯定

I shall try to justify this assertion.

我將試圖證明這種看法。

gender:['dʒendər] n.性別(尤指社會和文化差異,而非生理差異)

diversity:[daɪ'vɜrsəti] n.多樣性;多樣化;差異(性);不同(點)

boost:[bust] n.提高;增長;幫助;激勵 v.使增長;使興旺;偷竊

理查德•內斯比特是加拿大帝國商業銀行的前任首席運營官,他一直是商界從業女性的支持者。在與芭芭拉•安妮絲合著的《頂級成就》一書中,他講述了自己為說服男性給女性升職而做過的各種努力。在與各家企業負責人的交流過程中,他強調,有數據顯示,一家有更多女性高管的企業會更為成功一些。不過,他也指出,有女兒的男性更樂於接受他的這種觀點。至少對於風投機構來說,最新的一項研究支持這種觀點,同時還肯定性別多樣性會提升企業業績表現。

[2]Paul Gompers and Sophie Wang at Harvard University wanted to determine whether VC firms with more women managers do better. Answering this question is tricky—firms that hire more women may have other characteristics that lead to success. VC investing remains a predominantly male activity. In the authors’ sample of 988 VC funds in 301 firms, around 8% of new hires were women. Very few firms hired more than one-woman manager. Managing partners who hire more women may be less hidebound byconvention—a good trait for someone investing in innovative technologies. The authors needed a way to measure the impact of women on success independent of other factors.Ideally, a random factor would influence the number of women hired by a firm. The authors looked at the number of daughters among partners’ children.

tricky:['trɪki] adj.難辦的;難對付的;狡猾的;詭計多端的

characteristic:[ˌkærɪktə'rɪstɪk] n. 特點;特性;特色 adj. 典型的;特有的

Kindness is one of his characteristics.

和善是他的特性之一。

predominantly:[prɪˈdɑ:mɪnəntli] adv.占主導地位地;顯著地;佔優勢地

Vancouver is predominantly a service center.

溫哥華主要是一個服務中心。

male:[meɪl] n.男性;雄性;雄株 adj.男性的;雄性的;男的

hidebound:['haɪd.baʊnd] adj.守舊的;迂腐的

convention:[kən'venʃ(ə)n] n.習俗;慣例;協定;常規

trait:[treɪt] n.特點;特性

innovative:['ɪnə.veɪtɪv] adj.引進新思想的;採用新方法的;革新的;創新的

ideally:[aɪ'dɪəli] adv.最好;按理想來說;盡善盡美地

哈佛大學的保羅•甘普士和蘇菲•王希望能確定有更多女投資經理的風投機構,是否會有更好的業績。這個問題很難回答——女員工更多的機構擁有一些其他的特點,也能帶來成功。風險投資仍然是一項男性占主導地位的活動。在兩位研究人員從301家風投機構裡提取的988個風投基金樣本中,大約有8%的新招員工是女性。極少數機構有一位以上的女投資經理人。招更多女員工的執行合作人可能不太受成見的約束——對投資創新技術的投資人來說,這是一種好的特徵。兩位研究人員要找到一種辦法,衡量排除其他因素後女性對投資成功的影響。在理想狀態下,隨機因素會影響企業招收女性員工的數量。兩位研究人員研究了合夥人的子女中女兒的數量。

[3]Parenthood changes perspectives. VC partners with one extra daughter rather than an extra son employed on average almost two percentage points more women managers. This led to a 24% higher probability that a firm would have a senior female manager. The researchers reasoned that a link between daughters and success could be attributed to a greater number of women managers.

parenthood:[ˈperənthʊd] n.親子關係;父母身分

perspective:[pər'spektɪv] n.觀點;遠景;前途 adj.(按照)透視畫法的;透視的

attribute:[ˈætrɪˌbjuːt] n.屬性;象徵 v.把…歸因於;認為…屬於;認為某人(某物)具有某種特性

為人父母會使人的視野產生變化。在風投合夥人中,有一個女兒的合作人平均僱傭的女經理人的數量比有一個兒子的合作人多2%。這就使得一個風投機構有女高管的機率增加了24%。研究者的解釋是,有女兒與投資成功之間的關聯性得益於更多的女經理人。

[4]A firm where a partner has an extra daughter rather than an extra son had a 2.9% higher chance that its deals would be a success (defined as an initial public offering or other profitable sale of a company the firm had backed). Such firms also have higher internal rates of return. Hiring women is indeed a sound business strategy.

profitable:[ˈprɒfɪtəbl] adj.有利可圖的,有益的;可賺錢的,合算的

sound:[saʊnd]

含義1:adj. 健全的;合理的

A sound mind is in a sound body.

有健康的身體,才有健全的心理。完好的,無損的;明智的

含義2:v. 聽起來;感覺起來;發出聲音;發音

You sound a little down in dumps.

你聽起來好象情緒有點低落。

sound like 聽起來像

What he said sounded like a fairy-tale.

他說的聽上去簡直像一篇童話。

sound out

試探意見,探聽口氣

He will sound them out for us.

他會為我們試探一下他們的看法的。

含義3:n.聲音,聲響;音調,聲調

Sound travels slower than light.

聲音比光走得慢。

含義4:adv. 酣暢地

He slept sound in his mother's cradle song.

他在母親唱的搖籃曲中酣然入睡。

在一個風投機構裡,有女兒的合夥人的投資成功率比有兒子的高2.9%(成功的標準是首次公開發售,或企業支持的其他公司銷售利潤額)。這種風投企業的內部投資回報率也更高。的確,招收女性員工是一個非常好的企業策略。

[5]Mr Nesbitt notes that this finding matches one of the main arguments of his book. Gender diversity in business increases diversity of thought, which leads to better decisions. He adds that, on its own, the paper is unlikely to lead to more women in executive offices. To achieve that, men need not only to accept the case for women intellectually, but to

acknowledge that they personally need to act to promote them. Ideally, that should not take the birth of a daughter.

acknowledge:[əkˈnɑ:lɪdʒ] vt.承認;鳴謝;對…打招呼;告知已收到

We acknowledged the need for reform.

我們承認改革的需要。

同義詞辨析

acknowledge, admit, confess, own

這四個詞都有“公開承認”的意思。其區別是:

1.acknowledge和admit所承認的是不對的或不光彩的事實; confess指承認“錯誤及罪行”; own承認的不一定是“錯誤及罪行”,只是一般地表明自己的感覺及處境。

2.acknowledge強調在一定壓力下承認, admit強調勉強承認。

3.acknowledge所承認的一般是隱蔽的, admit, confess和own所承認的不一定是隱蔽的。

4.confess語氣上較強,屬正式語體; own則不如confess正式。

acknowledge, recognize這兩個詞都有“承認”的意思,常可互換使用。其區別是:

1.recognize一般指認可某一現象存在; acknowledge一般指承認某一事件真實。

2.recognize還可指“承認”某一國傢俱有合法性; acknowledge還可指在一定壓力下向大家公開承認某件隱私或不光彩的事實。

3.recognize還有“認出,認識到”的意思;acknowledge還可表示“感謝”。

內斯比特強調,這個研究發現與他書中的主要觀點是一致的。企業內部的性別多樣性會提升思想觀念的多樣性,而這能實現決策更優。他還表示,從根本上來說,這篇研究報告不可能讓更多的女性走向高管的崗位。要實現這種情況,男性不僅需要從思想上接受針對女性的投資項目,同時也要承認自己需要採取行動,提升女員工的職位。理想情況是,這些行為應與是否生有女兒無關。

一個懂得欣賞並挖掘女員工潛力,不受傳統偏見束縛的老闆,無論在哪個領域都是卓越的。然而正如文中所說,風投仍然是男性主導,這樣的老闆事實上也還很稀缺,職場女性自身更應該努力,意識到自己的力量,並勇於表現和證明自己,創造出更大的價值,並爭取應得的地位。

英文原文:

http://www.economist.com

講解:霞姐 / Tiassa / Angel

編排 / 校對:Angel