英語句子結構剖析(52)

1、It's especially frustrating as COVID-19 can spread while people are asymptomatic, rendering these tests mostly pointless.

解析:

1.此句包含兩個狀語從句和非謂語動詞的知識點;

2.as引導原因狀語從句,譯為“因為”;

3.while引導時間狀語從句,譯為“當……時”;

4.rendering表主動關係,故用ing形式;

5.frustrating:adj. 令人沮喪的

asymptomatic:adj.無症狀的

render:v.致使,給予

pointless:adj.無意義的

翻譯:

尤其令人沮喪的是,當人們無症狀時,COVID-19可能會傳播,從而使這些測試變得毫無意義。

2、China,having instituted a draconian lockdown, has, now that new cases are rare, begun to ease some restrictions where it can.

解析:

1.此句包含非謂語動詞,插入語和狀語從句;

2.現在分詞(having…lockdown)與China是主動關係且發生在前,故用having done;

3.now that…rare做插入語;

4.where引導狀語從句,譯為“……的地方”;

5.institute:v.建立,開始,制定

draconian:adj.嚴厲的,嚴峻的

lockdown:n.禁閉,封鎖

now that:由於,既然

rare:adj.稀有的,少的

ease:v.減輕,緩和

restriction:n.限制,約束

翻譯:

中國已經實行嚴厲的封鎖,現在由於新病例很少,已經開始在可能的地方放寬一些限制。

3、The social credit system, which has been under trial in a handful of Chinese cities ahead of an expected nationwide roll out this year, awards or detracts points from an individual’s trustworthiness score, which affects their ability to travel and borrow money, among other things.

解析:

1.此句由兩個非限制性定語從句組成;

2.第一個which引導非限制性定語從句,which做主語,指代先行詞social credit system;

3.第二個which引導非限制性定語從句,which做主語,指代前面的先行句;

4.social credit system:社會信用體系

trial:實驗,審訊

a handful of:少量的

ahead of:在......之前

roll out:推廣

award:v.獎勵,授予;n.獎品

detract:v.減少,貶損

trustworthiness:n.可信賴,信用

affect:v.影響

翻譯:

社會信用體系已經在少數中國城市試行,預計今年將在全國範圍內推廣。該體系會獎勵或削弱個人的可信賴度得分,這會影響他們旅行和借錢的能力等等​​。

4、Hirst condemned military aggression, arguing that reducing spending on arms was the only way to carry out needed social reforms while keeping taxes low.

解析:

1.此句包含非謂語動詞,賓語從句和狀語從句的知識點;

2.argue和主語Hirst是主動關係且同時發生,故用ing形式;

3.that引導從句做argue的賓語,從句中動名詞短語(reducing…arms)做主語,謂語動詞用單數;

4.while引導狀語從句的省略,用法同非謂語類似;

5.condemn:v.譴責

military aggression:軍事侵略

way to:……的方式/途徑

carry out:執行,進行

social reform:社會改革

翻譯:

Hirst譴責軍事侵略,認為減少軍備開支是進行必要的社會改革並保持低稅率的唯一途徑。

5、But there are already concerns that, should one of the promising drugs prove to be useful, supplies will not be adequate.

解析:

1.此句含有同位語和插入語;

2.逗號之間是插入語,是省略if的虛擬假設;

3.that引導同位語從句(that 不做成分),對先行詞concerns解釋說明;

4.concern:n.擔憂,擔心

promising:adj.有希望的,有前途的

supply:n.供應品;v.供應,供給

adequate:adj.充足的,足夠的

解析:

但是,現在已經有人擔心,如果其中一種藥物有效的話,供應將不足。

6、In reality, it is those who live in parts of the world where health systems are less developed that have greatest cause for concern--for both their personal health and the resilience of their economies.

解析:

1.此句包含強調句和兩個定語從句(分別由who,where引導);

2.who引導定語從句在從句中做主語,指代those (people),包含一個where引導的定語從句,where做關係副詞,不充當成分;

3.it is...that為強調句

3.in reality:實際上

health system:衛生系統

cause for...:......的原因

resilience:彈性,恢復力

翻譯:

實際上,生活在世界衛生系統欠發達地區的人們最擔心的是他們的個人健康和經濟彈性。

7、If COVID-19 has taught government and public health leaders anything, it's that containment, in an era when viruses are given wings through the ease of international travel, is increasingly only a short-term strategy for combatting infectious disease.

解析:

1.此句包含狀語從句,表語從句,插入語和定語從句;

2.if引導條件狀語從句,譯為“如果”;

3.that引導表語從句,表語從句中含有插入語和when引導定語從句(when是關係副詞,修飾先行詞era);

4.containment:n.抑制,遏制; contain:v.包含,控制,抑制

era:n.時代,年代

virus:n.病毒

wing:n.翅膀

ease:n.輕鬆,舒適;v.減輕,緩和

increasingly:adv.逐漸地,漸增地

short-term strategy:短期策略

combat:v.與......戰鬥

infectious disease:傳染病

翻譯:

如果COVID-19曾向政府和公共衛生領域的領導人傳授任何知識,那就是在一個通過國際旅行的便利而使病毒騰飛的時代,遏制日益成為抵抗傳染病的短期策略。

8、The virus is spread by coughs or sneezes, which release virus-containing respiratory droplets into the air, where they could be inhaled by others or land on mouths or noses, if people happen to be within a distance of about six feet.

解析:

1.此句包含兩個定語從句和狀語從句;

2.which引導非限制性定語從句,在從句中做主語,指代先行句;此定語從句中包含另一個由where引導的非限制性定語從句,where做關係副詞,在從句中不充當成分;

3.if引導時間狀語從句,譯為“如果......”;

4.spread:v.傳播;

sneeze:n.噴嚏; v.打噴嚏

release:v.釋放

virus-containing:含病毒的

respiratory:adj.呼吸的

droplets:n.飛沫,液滴

inhale:v.吸入

land:v.著陸,下落(通過空氣);n.陸地,地面

happen to do:碰巧

翻譯:

該病毒通過咳嗽或打噴嚏傳播,將含病毒的呼吸道飛沫釋放到空氣中,如果人們恰好在六英尺的距離之內,它們可能會被其他人吸入或落在嘴或鼻子上。

9、Thunberg demands action, and though far too many key measures are still moving in the wrong direction, there are nascent signs that action is coming.

解析:

1.此句包含並列句,狀語從句和同位語從句;

2.though引導讓步狀語從句,譯為“儘管”;

3.that引導同位語從句,對signs進行解釋說明;

4.key:adj.關鍵的;

nascent:adj.初期的,開始存在的;

翻譯:

Thunberg要求採取行動,儘管有太多關鍵措施仍在朝錯誤的方向發展,但有新生跡象表明行動即將到來。

10、To learn that now China has its own executive programmes abroad in countries like Switzerland, teaching economics and management with capitalistic characteristics, reflects the miraculous changes which have occurred over 40 years.

解析:

1.此句包含非謂語動詞,賓語從句和定語從句的知識點;

2.非謂語動詞短語(to learn...characteristics)做主語,包含that引導的賓語從句;

3.非謂語動詞teach與China為主動關係,故用ing形式;

4.which引導定語從句,在從句中做主語,指代changes;

5.executive programme abroad:海外執行計劃

economics:n.經濟學

management:n.管理,管理學

capitalistic characteristics:資本主義特徵

reflect:v.反映,反射

miraculous:adj.奇蹟般的

occur:v.發生

翻譯:

要知道,現在中國在瑞士等國家擁有自己的海外執行計劃,教授具有資本主義特徵的經濟學和管理學,這反映了40年來發生的奇蹟般的變化。

11、Researchers hypothesize that having two languages means suppressing one when speaking the other, a kind of constant mental exercise that makes the brain healthier.

解析:

1.此句包含賓語從句,狀語從句和定語從句;

2.第一個that引導賓語從句,做hypothesize的賓語;

3.現在分詞短語(having two languages)主語,謂語動詞用單數(means);

4.when引導時間狀語從句,這裡是狀語從句的省略形式(看圖);

5.a kind of…healthier是前面句子的同位語成分,對其進行解釋說明,含有一個that引導的定語從句,that做主語,指代先行詞mental exercise;

6.hypothesize:v.假設,猜測

hypothesis:n.假設

mean doing sth.:意味著做……

mean to do sth.:打算做……

suppress:v.鎮壓,抑制

constant:adj.不斷的,經常的

翻譯:

研究人員提出假設,掌握兩種語言意味著在說另一種語言時壓制其中一種語言,這是一種持續的腦力鍛鍊,能讓大腦更健康。

12、The WHO chief said that describing the situation as a pandemic does not change the organization's assessment of the threat posed by the virus, nor does it change what the WHO is doing or what actions countries should take.

解析:

1.此句含有3個賓語從句,部分倒裝和非謂語動詞的知識點;

2.that引導的從句做said的賓語,現在分詞(describing…pandemic)做主語;

3.過去分詞(非謂語動詞)posed與threat是被動關係(過去分詞表被動);

4.nor放句首時句子半倒裝;

5.最後連個賓語從句由what引導,what在從句中分別做doing和take的賓語;

6.situation:n.情況,環境

pandemic:n.大流行病

assessment:n.評估

threat:n.威脅;threaten:v.威脅

pose:v.擺姿勢,造成,形成

virus:n.病毒

take action:採取行動

翻譯:

世衛組織負責人表示,將這種情況描述為大流行並不會改變組織對病毒構成威脅的評估,也不會改變世衛組織正在採取的行動或各國應採取的行動。

13、What I care about is how we share the planet with all the other living things and have a planet that is worth living in, while we cure disease and improve the quality of our life.

解析:

1.此句含有主語從句,表語從句,定語從句和狀語從句;

2.what引導主語從句,在從句中做賓語;

3.how引導表語從句,從句中包含一個並列句和that引導的定語從句修飾planet(that做主語,指代先行詞planet);

4.while引導時間狀語從句,表示“當......時”

5.care about:關心

share with:與......分享/共享

worth doing sth.:值得做......

live in:居住

cure:v.治癒

quality:n.質量; quantity:n.數量

翻譯:

我關心的是,在我們治癒疾病、提高生活質量的同時,我們如何與所有其他生物共享地球,擁有一個值得居住的星球。

14、Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes, and that they might lost their heritage in regular classes, these women have given voice, loudly and persuasively, to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country, their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.

解析:

1.此句包含同位語從句,賓語從句和狀語從句的知識點;

2.once引導狀語從句的省略,省略了these women were;從句部分包含兩個that引導的同位語從句,對argument進行說明;

3.what引導從句做to的賓語,賓語從句中含有that引導的同位語從句,對experience進行說明,同時同位語從句中包含一個unless引導的狀語從句;

4.loudly and persuasively作插入語;

5.intimidate:v.威脅

feel at home:感到自在

bilingual:adj.雙語的

heritage:n.傳統,遺產

give voice to:表達,表露

persuasively:adv.有說服力地

adopted country:移居的國家

menial:adj.(工作)不體面的,卑賤的

land jobs:找到工作

翻譯:

有人說,孩子們在雙語課堂裡會感到更加自由自在,而在正規班級會喪失其傳統文化。這幾位母親曾被這一論點搞得惶恐不安,現在發表了最響亮,最有說服力的意見。從她們自身的經驗中,她們深知:如果孩子們不熟練掌握他們所移居國家的語言,根本談不上上大學,也談不上找到理想的工作。

15、In Vietnam, the nation's youth have taken to TikTok performing hand-washing dance moves, making sure to rub in-between their fingers and their fingernails – which health professionals have recommended.

解析:

1.此句含有定語從句和非謂語動詞的知識點;

2.making sure與主語nation’s youth是主動關係,因此用現在分詞形式;

3.which引導定語從句,在從句中做recommend的賓語,指代先行句;

4.perform:v.表演,履行

rub:v.摩擦

professionals:n.專業人士

recommend:v.推薦

翻譯:

越南的年輕人已經開始在TikTok上傳自己錄製的“洗手舞”,並且根據健康專家的建議,認真搓洗指間和指甲。


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