英语句子结构剖析(52)

1、It's especially frustrating as COVID-19 can spread while people are asymptomatic, rendering these tests mostly pointless.

解析:

1.此句包含两个状语从句和非谓语动词的知识点;

2.as引导原因状语从句,译为“因为”;

3.while引导时间状语从句,译为“当……时”;

4.rendering表主动关系,故用ing形式;

5.frustrating:adj. 令人沮丧的

asymptomatic:adj.无症状的

render:v.致使,给予

pointless:adj.无意义的

翻译:

尤其令人沮丧的是,当人们无症状时,COVID-19可能会传播,从而使这些测试变得毫无意义。

2、China,having instituted a draconian lockdown, has, now that new cases are rare, begun to ease some restrictions where it can.

解析:

1.此句包含非谓语动词,插入语和状语从句;

2.现在分词(having…lockdown)与China是主动关系且发生在前,故用having done;

3.now that…rare做插入语;

4.where引导状语从句,译为“……的地方”;

5.institute:v.建立,开始,制定

draconian:adj.严厉的,严峻的

lockdown:n.禁闭,封锁

now that:由于,既然

rare:adj.稀有的,少的

ease:v.减轻,缓和

restriction:n.限制,约束

翻译:

中国已经实行严厉的封锁,现在由于新病例很少,已经开始在可能的地方放宽一些限制。

3、The social credit system, which has been under trial in a handful of Chinese cities ahead of an expected nationwide roll out this year, awards or detracts points from an individual’s trustworthiness score, which affects their ability to travel and borrow money, among other things.

解析:

1.此句由两个非限制性定语从句组成;

2.第一个which引导非限制性定语从句,which做主语,指代先行词social credit system;

3.第二个which引导非限制性定语从句,which做主语,指代前面的先行句;

4.social credit system:社会信用体系

trial:实验,审讯

a handful of:少量的

ahead of:在......之前

roll out:推广

award:v.奖励,授予;n.奖品

detract:v.减少,贬损

trustworthiness:n.可信赖,信用

affect:v.影响

翻译:

社会信用体系已经在少数中国城市试行,预计今年将在全国范围内推广。该体系会奖励或削弱个人的可信赖度得分,这会影响他们旅行和借钱的能力等等​​。

4、Hirst condemned military aggression, arguing that reducing spending on arms was the only way to carry out needed social reforms while keeping taxes low.

解析:

1.此句包含非谓语动词,宾语从句和状语从句的知识点;

2.argue和主语Hirst是主动关系且同时发生,故用ing形式;

3.that引导从句做argue的宾语,从句中动名词短语(reducing…arms)做主语,谓语动词用单数;

4.while引导状语从句的省略,用法同非谓语类似;

5.condemn:v.谴责

military aggression:军事侵略

way to:……的方式/途径

carry out:执行,进行

social reform:社会改革

翻译:

Hirst谴责军事侵略,认为减少军备开支是进行必要的社会改革并保持低税率的唯一途径。

5、But there are already concerns that, should one of the promising drugs prove to be useful, supplies will not be adequate.

解析:

1.此句含有同位语和插入语;

2.逗号之间是插入语,是省略if的虚拟假设;

3.that引导同位语从句(that 不做成分),对先行词concerns解释说明;

4.concern:n.担忧,担心

promising:adj.有希望的,有前途的

supply:n.供应品;v.供应,供给

adequate:adj.充足的,足够的

解析:

但是,现在已经有人担心,如果其中一种药物有效的话,供应将不足。

6、In reality, it is those who live in parts of the world where health systems are less developed that have greatest cause for concern--for both their personal health and the resilience of their economies.

解析:

1.此句包含强调句和两个定语从句(分别由who,where引导);

2.who引导定语从句在从句中做主语,指代those (people),包含一个where引导的定语从句,where做关系副词,不充当成分;

3.it is...that为强调句

3.in reality:实际上

health system:卫生系统

cause for...:......的原因

resilience:弹性,恢复力

翻译:

实际上,生活在世界卫生系统欠发达地区的人们最担心的是他们的个人健康和经济弹性。

7、If COVID-19 has taught government and public health leaders anything, it's that containment, in an era when viruses are given wings through the ease of international travel, is increasingly only a short-term strategy for combatting infectious disease.

解析:

1.此句包含状语从句,表语从句,插入语和定语从句;

2.if引导条件状语从句,译为“如果”;

3.that引导表语从句,表语从句中含有插入语和when引导定语从句(when是关系副词,修饰先行词era);

4.containment:n.抑制,遏制; contain:v.包含,控制,抑制

era:n.时代,年代

virus:n.病毒

wing:n.翅膀

ease:n.轻松,舒适;v.减轻,缓和

increasingly:adv.逐渐地,渐增地

short-term strategy:短期策略

combat:v.与......战斗

infectious disease:传染病

翻译:

如果COVID-19曾向政府和公共卫生领域的领导人传授任何知识,那就是在一个通过国际旅行的便利而使病毒腾飞的时代,遏制日益成为抵抗传染病的短期策略。

8、The virus is spread by coughs or sneezes, which release virus-containing respiratory droplets into the air, where they could be inhaled by others or land on mouths or noses, if people happen to be within a distance of about six feet.

解析:

1.此句包含两个定语从句和状语从句;

2.which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做主语,指代先行句;此定语从句中包含另一个由where引导的非限制性定语从句,where做关系副词,在从句中不充当成分;

3.if引导时间状语从句,译为“如果......”;

4.spread:v.传播;

sneeze:n.喷嚏; v.打喷嚏

release:v.释放

virus-containing:含病毒的

respiratory:adj.呼吸的

droplets:n.飞沫,液滴

inhale:v.吸入

land:v.着陆,下落(通过空气);n.陆地,地面

happen to do:碰巧

翻译:

该病毒通过咳嗽或打喷嚏传播,将含病毒的呼吸道飞沫释放到空气中,如果人们恰好在六英尺的距离之内,它们可能会被其他人吸入或落在嘴或鼻子上。

9、Thunberg demands action, and though far too many key measures are still moving in the wrong direction, there are nascent signs that action is coming.

解析:

1.此句包含并列句,状语从句和同位语从句;

2.though引导让步状语从句,译为“尽管”;

3.that引导同位语从句,对signs进行解释说明;

4.key:adj.关键的;

nascent:adj.初期的,开始存在的;

翻译:

Thunberg要求采取行动,尽管有太多关键措施仍在朝错误的方向发展,但有新生迹象表明行动即将到来。

10、To learn that now China has its own executive programmes abroad in countries like Switzerland, teaching economics and management with capitalistic characteristics, reflects the miraculous changes which have occurred over 40 years.

解析:

1.此句包含非谓语动词,宾语从句和定语从句的知识点;

2.非谓语动词短语(to learn...characteristics)做主语,包含that引导的宾语从句;

3.非谓语动词teach与China为主动关系,故用ing形式;

4.which引导定语从句,在从句中做主语,指代changes;

5.executive programme abroad:海外执行计划

economics:n.经济学

management:n.管理,管理学

capitalistic characteristics:资本主义特征

reflect:v.反映,反射

miraculous:adj.奇迹般的

occur:v.发生

翻译:

要知道,现在中国在瑞士等国家拥有自己的海外执行计划,教授具有资本主义特征的经济学和管理学,这反映了40年来发生的奇迹般的变化。

11、Researchers hypothesize that having two languages means suppressing one when speaking the other, a kind of constant mental exercise that makes the brain healthier.

解析:

1.此句包含宾语从句,状语从句和定语从句;

2.第一个that引导宾语从句,做hypothesize的宾语;

3.现在分词短语(having two languages)主语,谓语动词用单数(means);

4.when引导时间状语从句,这里是状语从句的省略形式(看图);

5.a kind of…healthier是前面句子的同位语成分,对其进行解释说明,含有一个that引导的定语从句,that做主语,指代先行词mental exercise;

6.hypothesize:v.假设,猜测

hypothesis:n.假设

mean doing sth.:意味着做……

mean to do sth.:打算做……

suppress:v.镇压,抑制

constant:adj.不断的,经常的

翻译:

研究人员提出假设,掌握两种语言意味着在说另一种语言时压制其中一种语言,这是一种持续的脑力锻炼,能让大脑更健康。

12、The WHO chief said that describing the situation as a pandemic does not change the organization's assessment of the threat posed by the virus, nor does it change what the WHO is doing or what actions countries should take.

解析:

1.此句含有3个宾语从句,部分倒装和非谓语动词的知识点;

2.that引导的从句做said的宾语,现在分词(describing…pandemic)做主语;

3.过去分词(非谓语动词)posed与threat是被动关系(过去分词表被动);

4.nor放句首时句子半倒装;

5.最后连个宾语从句由what引导,what在从句中分别做doing和take的宾语;

6.situation:n.情况,环境

pandemic:n.大流行病

assessment:n.评估

threat:n.威胁;threaten:v.威胁

pose:v.摆姿势,造成,形成

virus:n.病毒

take action:采取行动

翻译:

世卫组织负责人表示,将这种情况描述为大流行并不会改变组织对病毒构成威胁的评估,也不会改变世卫组织正在采取的行动或各国应采取的行动。

13、What I care about is how we share the planet with all the other living things and have a planet that is worth living in, while we cure disease and improve the quality of our life.

解析:

1.此句含有主语从句,表语从句,定语从句和状语从句;

2.what引导主语从句,在从句中做宾语;

3.how引导表语从句,从句中包含一个并列句和that引导的定语从句修饰planet(that做主语,指代先行词planet);

4.while引导时间状语从句,表示“当......时”

5.care about:关心

share with:与......分享/共享

worth doing sth.:值得做......

live in:居住

cure:v.治愈

quality:n.质量; quantity:n.数量

翻译:

我关心的是,在我们治愈疾病、提高生活质量的同时,我们如何与所有其他生物共享地球,拥有一个值得居住的星球。

14、Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes, and that they might lost their heritage in regular classes, these women have given voice, loudly and persuasively, to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country, their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.

解析:

1.此句包含同位语从句,宾语从句和状语从句的知识点;

2.once引导状语从句的省略,省略了these women were;从句部分包含两个that引导的同位语从句,对argument进行说明;

3.what引导从句做to的宾语,宾语从句中含有that引导的同位语从句,对experience进行说明,同时同位语从句中包含一个unless引导的状语从句;

4.loudly and persuasively作插入语;

5.intimidate:v.威胁

feel at home:感到自在

bilingual:adj.双语的

heritage:n.传统,遗产

give voice to:表达,表露

persuasively:adv.有说服力地

adopted country:移居的国家

menial:adj.(工作)不体面的,卑贱的

land jobs:找到工作

翻译:

有人说,孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在,而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。这几位母亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安,现在发表了最响亮,最有说服力的意见。从她们自身的经验中,她们深知:如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所移居国家的语言,根本谈不上上大学,也谈不上找到理想的工作。

15、In Vietnam, the nation's youth have taken to TikTok performing hand-washing dance moves, making sure to rub in-between their fingers and their fingernails – which health professionals have recommended.

解析:

1.此句含有定语从句和非谓语动词的知识点;

2.making sure与主语nation’s youth是主动关系,因此用现在分词形式;

3.which引导定语从句,在从句中做recommend的宾语,指代先行句;

4.perform:v.表演,履行

rub:v.摩擦

professionals:n.专业人士

recommend:v.推荐

翻译:

越南的年轻人已经开始在TikTok上传自己录制的“洗手舞”,并且根据健康专家的建议,认真搓洗指间和指甲。


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