At least as important but unexplored is the increase in productivity achieved by replacing manual labor, whether skilled or unskilled, by educated, analytical, theoretical personnel — the replacement of “labor” by managers, technicians and professionals, the substitution of “planning” for “working”.
至少同样重要,但未被探讨的问题是:以教育水准较高、善于分析推理的人才来取代技术或非技术性体力劳动者所提升的生产力,换句话说,以管理者、技术人员和专业人才来取代“体力劳动者”,以“规划”取代“工作”。
Obviously this substitution must take place before capital equipment is installed to replace man's animal energy; for someone must plan and design the equipment — a conceptual, theoretical and analytical task.
显然,企业必须在安装资本设备以取代体力劳动者之前,就完成这样的转换;因为必须先有人规划和设计设备——这是具有概念性、理论性而且分析性特点的工作。
In fact, a little reflection will show that the “rate of capital formation” to which the economists give so much attention is a secondary factor.
事实上,只要稍加思考,就会发现经济学家所强调的“资本形成率”其实只是次要的生产要素。
The basic factor in an economy's development must be the rate of “brain formation”, the rate at which a country produces people with imagination and vision, education, theoretical and analytical skill.
经济发展的基本要素必然是“智力形成率”,也就是一个国家能以多快的速度培养出想象力丰富、有愿景、受过良好教育、具备推理和分析技能的人才。
REFERENCE:
- at least 至少
- unexplored 未被探讨的
- increase 提升
- productivity 生产力
- achieve 达到
- replace 取代
- manual labor 体力劳动者
- skilled 技术的
- unskilled 非技术性的
- educated 教育水准较高的
- analytical 善于分析的
- theoretical 推理的
- personnel 人才
- replacement 取代
- manager 管理者
- technician 技术人员
- professional 专业人才
- substitution 取代
- obviously 显然
- take place 完成,发生
- capital equipment 资本设备
- install 安装
- man's animal energy 劳动者体力
- conceptual 概念性的
- task 工作,任务
- in fact 事实上
- reflection 思考,反思
- rate of capital formation 资本形成率
- economist 经济学家
- attention 强调,关注
- secondary factor 次要的要素
- basic factor 基本要素
- economy's development 经济发展
- rate of “brain formation” 智力形成率
- produce 培养出
- imagination 想象力
- vision 愿景
- education 教育
- skill 技能
The Practice of Management
Peter F. Drucker
* 本书为第一部从实际执行层面立论的管理学书籍,第一部兼顾管理现有企业和创新未来企业的著作