一、强调句型
为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…
It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom），如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。
如： Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
另外，还要注意下面几点：
1 去掉强调结构It is (was) … that(who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较：
1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.
显然，句1去掉It is… that …后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句2去掉It is … that …后，句子变为you and
Tom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。再如：
1. It is what you dorather than what you say ____matters. （05天津）
A.that B. what C.which D. this
答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters.表意完整。
2. That was really asplendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself somuch.
A.when B. that C.before D.since （05安徽）
答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。It指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。
2在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如：
It is I who am a teacher.
3即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如：
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
4在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when，where，why或 how ，而要用that 。如：
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.
It was the house that the murder happened.
5在强调句not … until 结构中，由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型 It is(was) not until..that... 注意此时原句的not…until要变成not until ，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。如：
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
6原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…
7在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。如：
Did this happen in Beijing?
Was it in Beijing that this happened?
8特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“疑问词+is (was) it that...? " 如：
Where were you born?
Where was it that you were born?
9强调句型容易和句型It is/was+名词+that的名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词It is (was) … that(who)… 去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整 的句子（这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法）。但后者的It is/was…that 是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉It is/was…that就不再完整：
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
强调句型还容易跟It is/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚(显然, 真的, 肯定…)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
10强调句可以用作宾语从句。如：
He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.
I really can’t remember where it was that I first met the man.
11强调句型可有如下变体：It is/was变成“情态动词+be”。如：
It may be my bike that he is riding.
It must have been the manager that spoke to you.
12与疑问词连用构成特殊疑问句和感叹句。如：
Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the park yesterday?
Why is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?
What a beautiful picture it is that you have drawn!
13被强调的名词或代词可带有一个定语从句。如：
Was it Bill, who plays football well, that helped the blind man cross the road?
It was in the school, where（or：in which） I once studied, that we hold a party.
Was it in the house, which we visited last year, that the murder happened?
二、练习
1. 根据要求改写句子
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：
强调宾语：
强调时间：
强调地点：
2. 选择题
1. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
A. was B. are C. were D. had been
2. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. which B. when C. that D. since
3. She said she would go and she ________ go.
A. didn’t B. did C. really D. would
4. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; which D. which; that
5. — Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?
— No, ______ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. there were B. it were C. there was D. it was
6. It was not until 1936___baseball became a regular part of Olympic Games.
A. then B. which C. that D. when
7. ___in 1943___the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.
A. Only… that B. It was… then
C. That it was… when D. It was… that
8. It was on the National Day___ she met with her separated sister.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
9. ___the 1500's___the first European explored the coast of California.
A. It was until……then B. It was not until … when
C. It is until……that D. It was not until……that
10. ___in this room that our first meeting was held.
A. Just when B. When C. Where D. It was
11. It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
12. It was only with the help of the local guide ___________.
A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then the mountain climber was rescued
13. The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
14． Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
15． It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that, what
16． It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A．because B．which C．since D．that
17. It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
18． It was back home after the experiment.
A．not until midnight did he go B．until midnight that he didn’t go
C．not until midnight that he went D．until midnight when he didn’t go
19. Was it in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded _____ landing on the moon?
A. when, on B. that, on C. when, in D. that, in
20. It is these poisonous products _______ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
21． It is the ability to do the job _______matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
22. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
23. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
24. It was only with the help of the local guide ___________.
A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then the mountain climber was rescued
25. Who was it _____ put so many large stones on the road?
A. this B. that C. he D. she
26. What a silly mistake it is _____ you’ve made!
A. it B. this C. that D. which
27. It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which
28. Why was _____ that the old woman was sent to prison?
A. he B. it C. that D. what
29. It was when she was about to go to bed _____ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
30. It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案: 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. 25．B 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. C
3. 选词填空
A. impressive B. passengers C. spread D. fails E. economical
F. introduction G. construction H. inexpensive I. appreciate J. costly
The New York-City subway system has its drawbacks. The trains and stations are often dirty. During the rush hours, the trains creep along while the 1 are packed in like sardines(沙丁鱼). Sometimes the air conditioning 2 . Finally, travel aboard the trains is not as safe as it might be, especially late at night.
Drawbacks aside, the subway system is the most popular means of transportation in the
Big Apple. It is the quickest and most 3 way of traveling long distances as well as the
best way of avoiding congested (堵塞的) street traffic. Comfort has increased with the 4 of new subway cars which are larger, quieter, smoother in riding, and equipped with more powerful air conditioning.
The Big Apple's subway system is certainly very 5 .
It is 6 . A ride costs 60c no matter how far you go. For 60c, then, you may travel from the upper Bronx on a summer day to a public beach in Queens some 25 miles away. This works out at 2.4c per mile, and makes the New York City subway system the cheapest transportation per mile anywhere on Earth.
The Big Apple's subway system is the oldest subway system in the New World or the Old. The 7 of its first underground tunnel began in 1888. Its age explains why it often looks so shabby and antiquated(过时的). We should, however, 8 the vision of the city fathers of 1888. Almost 100 years ago, they conceived of(设想) and built a public transportation system that united five boroughs( 区) 9 over 300 square miles. Can you name any engineering feat(成就) before 1888 that compares in daring, ingenuity or scale to the construction of The Big Apple's subway system?
答案：1. B 2. D 3. E 4. F 5. A 6. H 7. G 8. I 9. C
4. 阅读理解
A
Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and devices will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows (肘部) next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.
Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:
●power tools rather than having t use muscle power.
●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist to keep straight (See Figure I). This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side
●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having a selection of sizes--- remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men.
●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharp edges or a small surface area.
一、选择
1. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Good Tool Design for Women B. Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries
C. Examples of Good Tool Design D. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection
2. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?
A. It’s kept close to the body. B. It fully uses muscle power.
C. It makes users feel relaxed. D. It’s operated with less force.
3. What is Figure I used to show?
A. The effective use of the tool B. The way of operating the tool.
C. The proper design of the handle. D. The purpose of bending the wrist.
4. In choosing tools for women, _______ of the handle is the most important.
A. the size B. the edge C. the shape D. position
答案：BDCA
二、分析句子成分
5. This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side
6. This means having a selection of sizes--- remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand.
三、语法与词汇
7. Tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist to keep straight (See Figure I).
8. Tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand.
B
PEOPLE___________
This Thursday, Irena Sendler will be honoured for her work as a smuggler（偷运者）. During World WarⅡ, the Polish social worker smuggled nearly2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto（聚居区）. She gave them new identities, found them safe places with good-hearted Christians, and kept the children’s real names buried in jars in her neighbours’ gardens.（The play, Life in a Jar, based on her story, is being performed.）At 93, Sendler lives in a Warsaw nursing home and is too weak to travel to Washington D.C., to receive the 2003 Jan Karski Award for Valorand Compassion from the American Center of Polish Culture. One of the children she saved will accept the award for her.
You risked your life to save the children.
I was taught by my father that when someone is drowning, you don’t ask if they can swim，you just jump in and help. During the war, everyone was drowning, but mostly the Jewish children.
How did you persuade parents to give up their children？
I had to answer honestly that I didn’t even know if we would get past the guards.
What was the most frightening moment？
When I saw a priest（牧师）in charge of an orphan age for Jewish children in the ghetto walk with them out to be killed. The children were in then best Sunday suits. The priest was killed with them.
How did you get the children to behave as you smuggled them out？
I told the older children to act as if they were sick and sometimes gave the younger ones a sleeping pill. They were told to remember their new names. I also told the children to tell guards they had only been visiting a servant in the ghetto and were going back to their real homes outside.
Did you tell your own two children what you did？
I never told them. Only when my daughter went to Israel did she learn all about me. I thought it was only normal to do so. And it was a very painful subject. It was always on my mind that I couldn’t do more.
一、选择题
1. We can learn from the passage that Irena Sendler ________.
A. will go to Washington to accept the award with her daughter
B. was caught a few times while she was rescuing the Jewish children
C. told those parents that their children's lives would be guaranteed
D. saved thousands of Jewish children at the risk of her ownlife
2. The expression “everyone was drowning” can best be replaced by“______”.
A. everyone was involved in the war B. all the people were drowned
C. all the people were facing danger and death D. Jewish children were being killed
3. Which of the following could NOT be expected when Sendler was smuggling the Jewish children？
A. The children pretended to be brothers and sisters from one big family.
B. Some children pretended to be returning home after visiting servants in the ghetto.
C. The children were asked to remember and use new names instead of real ones.
D. Some children were told to pretend to be sick in front of the guards.
4. Which of the following is best for the blank in the title?
A. DISASTER SURVIVOR B. NOBLE SMUGGLER
C. AWARD RECEIVER D. SECRET DEFENDER
答案：DCAB
二、分析句子成分
5. She gave them new identities, found them safe places with good-hearted Christians, and kept the children’s real names
buried in jars in her neighbours’ gardens.
6. At 93, Sendler lives in a Warsaw nursing home and is too weak to travel to Washington D.C., to receive the 2003 Jan Karski Award for Valorand Compassion from the American Center of Polish Culture.
三、语法与词汇
7. I was taught by my father that when someone is drowning, you don’t ask if they can swim，you just jump in and help.
8. Only when my daughter went to Israel did she learn all about me.
閱讀更多 尚孔教育 的文章
