人之初，
性本善。
性相近，
習相遠。
Man on earth,
Good at birth.
The same nature
Varies on nurture.
苟不教，
性乃遷。
教之道，
貴以專。
With no education,
There'd be aberration.
To teach well,
You deeply dwell.
昔孟母，
擇鄰處，
子不學，
斷機杼。
Then Mencius’ mother
Chose her neighbor.
At Mencius’ sloth,
She cut th’ cloth.
竇燕山，
有義方，
教五子，
名俱揚。
Dough by name
Fulfilled his aim.
His five sons
Became famous ones.
養不教，
父之過。
教不嚴，
師之惰。
What's a father?
A good teacher.
What's a teacher?
A strict preacher.
子不學，
非所宜。
幼不學，
老何為？
An unschooled child
Will grow wild.
A young loafer,
An old loser!
玉不琢，
不成器。
人不學，
不知義。
No jade crude
Shows craft good.
Unless you learn,
Brute you’ll turn.
為人子，
方少時，
親師友，
習禮儀。
Son of man,
Mature you can.
Teacher or peer,
Hold them dear.
香九齡，
能溫席。
孝於親，
所當執。
Hsiang, at nine,
Warmed bedding fine,
Follow this one,
This filial son.
融四歲，
能讓梨。
弟於長，
宜先知。
Aged four years,
Rong proffered pears.
Bear in mind
Fraternally be kind.
首孝悌，
次見聞，
知某數，
識某文。
Stress piety more
Than your lore.
Learn some numeracy,
Know some literacy.
一而十，
十而百，
百而千，
千而萬。
One to ten,
A hundred then,
One thousand more,
Ten thousand afore.
三才者，
天地人。
三光者，
日月星。
Tri-vitals, of worth:
Man, heaven, earth;
Tri-lights, a boon:
Sun, stars, moon.
三綱者，
君臣義，
父子親，
夫婦順。
Three tenets always:
Subject Lord obeys;
Child Father reveres;
Wife Man endears.
曰春夏，
曰秋冬，
此四時，
運不窮。
Spring and summer,
Autumn and winter.
These four seasons
Cycle with reasons.
曰南北，
曰西東，
此四方，
應乎中。
South, north, west,
'N east, we quest.
These four ways
Upon center gaze.
曰水火，
木金土，
此五行，
本乎數。
Water, fire, behold,
Earth, wood, gold.
These five materials
Accord to numerals.
十干者，
甲至癸。
十二支，
子至亥 。
The Ten Trunks
Are great chunks.
The Twelve Wings
Are good things.
曰黃道，
日所躔。
曰赤道，
當中權。
The Ecliptic line,
The Zodiacal Sign，
And the Equator
Circling the center.
赤道下，
溫暖極。
我中華，
在東北。
Nowhere is hotter
Than the equator.
China, the greatest
Lies in Northeast.
寒燠均，
霜露改。
右高原，
左大海。
Temperature fitting you;
There’s frosty dew.
Right, plateaus stand;
Left, seas expand.
曰江河，
曰淮濟。
此四瀆，
水之紀 。
Long and River,
Clara and Phora.
These rivers four
All along outpour.
曰岱華，
蒿恆衡。
此五嶽，
山之名。
Arch, Flora, Tower,
Scale, and Ever!
These high mountains
Are five chieftains.
曰士農，
曰工商。
此四民，
國之良 。
Officials and farmers,
Merchants and workers,
These four great,
Maintain the State.
曰仁義，
禮智信，
此五常，
不容紊。
Grace, justice, courtesy,
Wisdom, and fidelity.
Good order derive
From Constants Five.
地所生，
有草木。
此植物，
遍水陸。
Earth makes good
Grass and wood.
These plants command
Water and land.
有蟲魚，
有鳥獸。
此動物，
能飛走。
Fishes and birds,
Worms and herds.
These creatures cry,
Run or fly.
稻粱菽，
麥黍稷，
此六穀，
人所食。
Rice, sorghum, beans,
Wheat, millet, corns.
These crops main
Our life sustain.
馬牛羊，
雞犬豕，
此六畜，
人所飼。
Horses, sheep, cows,
Chickens, dogs, sows.
These six breeds
A husbandman feeds.
曰喜怒，
曰哀懼，
愛惡欲，
七情具。
Say anger, gladness,
Say fear, sadness,
Hate, greed, love
Seven feelings above.
青赤黃，
及黑白。
此五色，
目所識。
Green, red, yellow.
Black ’n white follow.
Five colors vie,
Wakening the eye.
酸苦甘，
及辛鹹。
此五味，
口所含。
Sour, bitter, sweet,
Hot ’n salty meet.
These tastes five
Make palates alive.
羶焦香，
及腥朽。
此五臭，
鼻所嗅。
Muttony, burnt, balmy,
Fishy, and moldy,
These smells five
Make noses alive.
匏土革，
木石金，
絲與竹，
乃八音。
Gourd, leather, clay
Wood we play,
Stone, metal, bamboo,
And strings, too.
曰平上，
曰去入。
此四聲，
宜調協。
Level and bounce,
Fall and in-nounce.
These four tones
For tuned phones.
高曾祖，
父而身，
身而子，
子而孫。
Grand, great-grand, great-great-grand
Father, myself, and
Children, and grandchildren
All are kinsmen.
自子孫，
至玄曾，
乃九族，
人之倫。
Now great-grand, and
His son, great-great-grand.
There’re generations nine,
A genealogical line.
父子恩，
夫婦從。
兄則友，
弟則恭。
Father loves son;
Man-wife is one.
Brothers are bland,
Hand in hand.
長幼序，
友與朋。
君則敬，
臣則忠。
Senior to young,
The ethical rung.
Lord loves subjects,
And enjoys respects.
此十義，
人所同。
當師敘，
勿違背。
This you remember
For every member.
This you obey
For every day.
斬齊衰，
大小功。
至緦麻，
五服終。
Cuts and completes,
Merits and feats,
And linen, too
For funeral blue.
有古文，
大小篆。
隸草繼，
不可亂。
Old characters, behold
Seals, lesser ’n bold,
Square and cursive,
Five>
若廣學，
懼其繁。
但略說，
能知原。
To learn widely
Is seldom easy.
To study some,
Informed you become.
禮樂射，
御書數。
古六藝，
今不具。
Rituals, calligraphy, shooting,
Music, mathematics, driving.
These six arts
Need devoted hearts.
惟書學，
人共遵。
既識字，
講說文。
Calligraphy’s the one
Neglected by none.
Words already learned,
Motivations are concerned.
凡訓蒙，
須講究，
詳訓詁，
名句竇。
While you teach,
Do deeply reach.
Go with explanation,
And guide punctuation.
為學者，
必有初，
小學終，
至四書。
Now to learn,
Make a turn.
From school nooks
To Four Books.
論語者，
二十篇，
群弟子，
記善言。
Analects--the lections
Has twenty sections.
Confucius and disciples
Gave off sparkles.
孟子者，
七篇止，
講道德，
說仁義。
Mencius, the sutras,
Has seven chapters.
These are counsels
Of virtues ’n morals.
作中庸，
子思筆，
中不偏，
庸不易。
The Golden Mean,
Great it’s been.
Kong Jih, the scholar
Is its author.
作大學，
乃曾子，
自修齊，
至平治。
Great Learning, great,
Tsengcius did create:
From personal perfection
To national progression.
孝經通，
四書熟，
如六經，
始可讀。
Piety learned ahead,
Four Books fully-read,
Six Classics now,
You should plough.
詩書易，
禮春秋，
號六經，
當講求。
History, Changes, Odes,
Books of altitudes.
Spring ’n Fall, Rituals
Books for perusals.
有連山，
有歸藏，
有周易，
三易詳。
Book of Ranges,
Book of Changes,
Book of Retreat,
Detailed and great.
有典謨，
有訓誥。
有誓命，
書之奧。
Canons, duties, plans,
Edicts, and bans,
And imperial mandates,
Are History’s aggregates.
我周公，
作周禮。
著六官，
存治體。
Th’ Prince of Chough
Did Rituals bestow,
Regimen he designed
And government defined.
大小戴，
注禮記。
述聖言，
禮樂備。
The Days supplied
Rituals well clarified,
And paraphrased adages
Of those sages.
曰國風，
曰雅頌。
號四詩，
當諷詠。
The Psalms, say,
The Chants, say,
And those airs
Of various affairs.
詩既亡，
春秋作。
寓褒貶，
別善惡。
When Poems perished,
Spring ’n Fall flourished
Flogging what’s lewd,
Praising what’s good.
三傳者，
有公羊，
有左氏，
有穀梁。
Companion authors three:
Tsuo Qiu-ming, and he
Who was Gongyang,
And another, Goo Liang.
經既明，
方讀子。
撮其要，
記其事。
Classics well read
Study sophists ahead.
Make a list,
Get the gist.
五子者，
有荀揚。
文中子，
及老莊。
Five sophists then
Were great men:
Hsun, Wenzhong, Yang
Lao and Tsuang.
經子通，
讀諸史。
考世系，
知終始。
After finishing these
Read histories please.
Do study genealogy
And know causality.
自羲農，
至黃帝。
號三皇，
居上世。
The legendary Fooshee,
Shennong and Huangdee
Were great forefathers,
Esteemed Three Rulers.
唐有虞，
號二帝。
相揖遜，
稱盛世。
Yao and You-yuh,
Called Grandees Two.
They demised throne,
A heyday known.
夏有禹，
商有湯。
周文武，
稱三王。
Hsiah, Shang, Chough,
Three dyansties, lo.
Yuh, Tang, Wuh,
Three kings true.
夏傳子，
家天下。
四百載，
遷夏社。
Yuh, heredity begun,
Throned his son.
Four centuries passed
Seeing Hsiah’s last.
湯 伐 夏，
國 號 商。
六 百 載，
至 紂 亡。
The conqueror Tang
Founded Kingdom Shang.
Six centuries’ elapse
Ere Chow’s collapse.
周武王，
始誅紂。
八百載，
最長久。
Wuh of Chough
Triumphed over Chow.
Eight centuries’ gain,
Chough’s longest reign.
周轍東，
王綱墜。
逞干戈，
尚遊說。
Chough moved east,
And controlled least.
There arose militance;
Valued was eloquence.
始春秋，
終戰國。
五霸強，
七雄出。
Spring ’n Fall began,
Warring States then.
Five Lords strived!
Seven Powers thrived!
嬴秦氏，
始兼併。
傳二世，
楚漢爭。
Emperor the First
Other states burst.
Generations but two,
Arose Han ’n Chuh.
高祖興，
漢業建。
至孝平，
王莽篡。
Liu Bang almighty ran;
Arose Great Han.
Hsiao Ping was bayed;
So Wang Mang swayed.
光武興，
為東漢。
四百年，
終於獻。
With Guang Wuh began
The Eastern Han.
Th’ four hundredth year,
Hanhsian died drear.
魏蜀吳，
爭漢鼎。
號三國，
迄兩晉。
Shuh, Woo, Weigh
Struggled their way,
Three kingdoms reared;
Two Jins appeared.
宋齊繼，
梁陳承。
為南朝，
都金陵。
Song, Chih, Liang,
And Chen sprang.
Each Southern king,
Seated in Nanking.
北元魏，
分東西。
宇文周，
興高齊。
Northern Weigh, pressed,
Divided, east ’n west.
Yuhwen founded Chough,
Chih followed though.
迨至隋，
一土宇。
不再傳，
失統緒。
Suih, so grand,
United the land.
It did bloom
Before its doom.
唐高祖，
起義師。
除隋亂，
創國基。
Li Yuan’s uprising now
Swept Suih enow.
Th’ Tang Empire rose
At Suih’s close.
二十傳，
三百載。
梁滅之，
國乃改。
Three century’s gains
Made twenty reigns.
There arose Liang
That replaced Tang.
梁唐晉，
及漢周。
稱五代，
皆有由。
Thus started Liang,
Jin, and Tang,
Han, and Chough;
Five you know.
炎宋興，
受周禪。
十八傳，
南北混。
Then Song, aglow,
Succeeded to Chough.
Reigns counted eighteen.
Then invasions keen.
遼與金，
皆稱帝。
元滅金，
絕宋世。
Liao and Jin
Both broke in.
The Mongol throng
Wiped out Song.
輿圖廣，
超前代。
九十年，
國祚廢。
The territory vast
Exceeded all past.
Ninety years elapsed;
The empire collapsed.
太祖興，
國大明。
號洪武，
都金陵。
Eighth by name
Won his fame,
By founding Ming,
Seated in Nanking
迨成祖，
遷燕京。
十六世，
至崇禎。
Chengtsuh from Nanking
Moved to Peking.
Sixteen emperors past,
Chongchen the last.
閹禍後，
寇內訌。
闖逆變，
神器終，
The eunuch power
Made all cower.
King of Spurt
Did Ming subvert.
古今史，
全在茲。
載治亂，
知興衰。
History is here,
Until this year.
You know all:
Rise and fall.
史雖繁，
讀有次。
史記一，
漢書二。
Read history vast
First to last
History Book begun
Han Annals anon
後漢三，
國志四。
兼證經，
參通鑑。
Next Eastern Han,
Three Kingdoms then.
Consult the authorized
With Mirrors beside.
讀史者，
考實錄。
通古今，
若親目。
As past’s explored,
Check every record.
You’ll know how
Then became now.
口而誦，
心而惟。
朝於斯，
夕於斯。
Read and think
And pieces link
From early morning
To late evening.
昔仲尼，
師項橐。
古聖賢，
尚勤學。
Confucius, of yore
Studied, studied more,
From Tuo learned,
As he yearned.
趙中令，
讀魯論。
彼既仕，
學且勤。
Chao Puh of Song
Read Analects long
This premier crack
Was never slack.
披蒲編，
削竹簡。
彼無書，
且知勉。
Using cattail tips!
Using bamboo slips!
None they possessed,
Persisting with zest.
頭懸樑，
錐刺股。
彼不教，
自勤苦。
Head strung high!
Needled his thigh!
Not pushed, they
Kept working away.
如囊螢，
如映雪。
家雖貧，
學不輟。
With fireworms bright!
With snow white!
Poor, having none,
They studied on.
如負薪，
如掛角。
身雖勞，
猶苦卓。
With fuel borne!
Book on horn!
They, making time,
Employed their prime.
蘇老泉，
二十七。
始發憤，
讀書籍。
Twenty seven, Quan
Hadn’t studied then.
This man now
Read hard enow.
彼既老，
猶悔遲。
爾小生，
宜早思。
This man, behold,
Started when old.
You’d make time
Even ere prime.
若梁灝，
八十二。
對大廷，
魁多士。
Liang, Wizard True,
At eighty two,
Passed Grand Test,
Beating the rest.
彼既成，
眾稱異。
爾小生，
宜立志。
His great success
Did all impress.
While you’re young,
Make wills strong.
瑩八歲，
能詠詩。
泌七歲，
能賦棋。
Ying, so great,
Versified at eight.
Mih rhymed even
Then at seven.
彼穎悟，
人稱奇。
爾幼學，
當效之。
They, so clever,
Praised with wonder.
Like them, begin
Now to win.
蔡文姬，
能辯琴。
謝道韞，
能詠吟。
Cai could discern
An ill-tuned zithern.
Hsieh could prose,
Or poems compose.
彼女子，
且聰敏。
爾男子，
當自警。
These girls above
Did smart prove.
Man thou art,
Devote thy heart!
唐劉晏，
方七歲。
舉神童，
作正字。
Now Yan, behold
Seven years old.
Proofread did he,
Such a prodigy.
彼雖幼，
身已仕。
有為者，
亦若是。
Young as he,
An official already.
To be well-done,
Follow this one.
犬守夜，
雞司晨。
苟不學，
曷為人。
Dogs thieves bite;
Cocks dawning invite.
Unless you learn,
Useless you’ll turn.
蠶吐絲，
蜂釀蜜。
人不學，
不如物。
Silkworms silk educe;
Bees honey produce.
From them learn,
Or receive spurn.
幼而學，
壯而行，
上致君，
下澤民。
Learn while young;
Act while strong.
Benefit each one
Under the sun.
揚名聲，
顯父母。
光於前，
裕於後。
Carve your name
And parent’s fame.
Ancestors you glorify;
Offspring you dignify.
人遺子，
金滿贏。
我教子，
唯一經。
For children hold
Silver and gold?
My only bequest:
Learn your best.
勤有功，
戲無益。
戒之哉，
宜勉力。
Good is diligence;
Poor is negligence.
Trials you breast,
Work with zest.
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