課標要求
能辨認出由that, which, who引導的限定性定語從句,並能理解句子意思。
微課學習
（課件來源：B站 佛系考試Junbaobao）
高分突破講解
定語從句是在主從複合句中修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子,它在句中作定語。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,連接先行詞和定語從句的詞叫引導詞(也叫關係詞)。如:
1.定語從句的引導詞(關係詞)
常見的關係代詞有:
常見的關係副詞有:
2.引導詞(關係詞)的用法
(1)由that引導的定語從句(2016、2014、2011年考)
一般情況下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語,但不能作介詞的賓語。如:
- The man that(who) is speaking at the meeting is a foreigner. 正在會上發言的那個男人是個外國人。
- Is this the nurse that(whom) you talked about yesterday? 這就是你們昨天談論的那位護士嗎?
- The present that(which) I received yesterday was from my father. 昨天我收到的禮物是我父親寄來的。
(2)由who,whom和whose引導的定語從句(2019、2017、2013年考)
who在從句中作主語,whom在從句中作賓語,whose在從句中作定語。如:
- This is the thief who stole my car. 這就是偷我車的那個賊。
- He is the boy whom you wanted to find. 他就是你想要找的那個男孩。
- The girl whose mother is a nurse is waiting for you outside. 媽媽是個護士的那個女孩在外面等你。
(3)由which引導的定語從句(2015、2012年考)
which指物,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語。如:
- The book which Mum bought me last week is called TheOldManandtheSea. 媽媽上週買給我的那本書名叫《老人與海》。
- The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum. 魯迅曾經住過的那所房子現在是魯迅博物館。
3.引導詞(關係詞)的特殊用法
(1)下列情況只能用that(不能用which)來指代物:
①先行詞為all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時。如:
- I will do everythingthat I can do to help you. 我將做我能做的一切事情來幫助你。
②先行詞是最高級或者被形容詞的最高級修飾時。如:
- This is themostimportanttaskthat should be finished soon. 這是必須馬上完成的最重要的任務。
③先行詞為數詞或被序數詞修飾時。如:
- You are thefirstmenthat like this kind of books. 你們是第一批喜歡這種書的人。
④先行詞中既有人又有物時。如:
- We were deeply impressed by theteachersandschoolsthat we had visited. 我們訪問過的老師和學校給我們留下了很深的印象。
⑤當先行詞前有the one, the only, the last, the very, any, few, little, no, all等詞修飾時,引導詞只能用that。如:
- He is the onlypersonthat knows the truth. 他是唯一知道真相的人。
⑥當主句中已經含有疑問詞who或者which時,只用that。如:
- He built a factory which produced things that I had never seen before. 他建造了一個工廠,生產的東西是我之前從未見過的。
(2)下列情況只能用who來指代人:
①先行詞是one, ones, anyone時,適宜用who。如:
- Onewho has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. 一個無所畏懼的人敢於說實話。
- Don’t tell anyone about the news who shouldn’t be told. 別告訴不該告訴的人任何消息。
②當those作先行詞指人時,引導詞只能用who。如:
- Thosewho respect others are often respected by others. 尊敬別人的人也常常受人尊敬。
③當先行詞有較長的後置定語時,宜用who。如:
- I met a foreigner inthestreetwho could speak Chinese well. 我在街上遇到一位可以把中文說得很好的外國人。
④有兩個定語從句,其中一個關係代詞已經使用了that,另一個宜用who。如:
- The boy that you met last night is her boyfriend who can make kites. 你昨晚遇到的那個男孩是她的男朋友,他會製作風箏。
⑤在there be開頭的句子中用who。如:
- Thereis an old man who wants to see you. 有一個老人想見你。
⑥當主語是I, he, you, they等時,常用於諺語、格言中,只能用who。如:
- Hewho plays with fire gets burned. 玩火者自焚。
廣東真題
( )1.(2019廣東)Not all children watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A.whom
B.which
C.who
D.whose
( )2.(2017廣東)According to a survey, people are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.
A.which
B.whom
C.whose
D.who
( )3.(2016廣東)Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.Everything comes into sight is so new to me.
A.that
B.which
C.who
D.whom
( )4.(2015廣東)RunningMan is a very relaxing TV program is hot among the young people.
A.what
B.which
C.who
D.whom
( )5.(2014廣東)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing he did was to look for some food.
A.who
B.that
C.which
D.whom
答案
1~5 CDABB
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