德昌傈僳族簡介
傈僳族是涼山彝族自治州14個世居民族之一，德昌是涼山傈僳族人口最多的縣，2016年底德昌有傈僳族6893人。
據傳，德昌傈僳族祖先早期居住在“窩勒”（今四川省攀枝花市仁和區務本鄉）,後輾轉遷入德昌，最早遷入德昌是在1660年前後，此後，從米易、攀枝花、鹽邊、乃至雲南等地陸續有族人遷入。
因為族人遷入後非常封閉，主要居住於二半山上，從事農耕放牧與狩獵，經濟上自給自足，因而受外界影響很小，所以保留了許多傳統文化。
德昌傈僳族盛行萬物有靈，崇尚祖先，迷信鬼神的自然崇拜。以前有本民族語言而無本民族文字，1984年起，族人在雲南省麗江縣學習傈僳文，由此涼山境內才有了傈僳文。傈僳族傳統為一夫一妻，包辦婚姻與近親結婚盛行。《婚姻法》實施後，傈僳族地區自由戀愛盛行。
近年來，涼山實施脫貧攻堅，傈僳族群眾大多住上了好房子，吃穿不愁，日子也過得充滿了希望。教育事業有了大的發展，金沙、南山兩鄉有了中心校，實現了一村一幼，普及了15年免費教育，村村有了衛生所，群眾有病就醫已經成為常態。烤煙早菜林果勞務輸出產業已成規模，農民增收明顯。
在黨的民族政策的照耀下，德昌傈僳族地區發生了翻天覆地的變化，2016年縣境內傈僳族脫貧邁向小康社會。
Introduction of Lisu Minority in Dechang County
Lisu minority is one of the 14 ethnic groups that have lived in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture for generations. Dechang county is the county with the largest population of Lisu minorities. By the end of 2016, there were 6893 Lisu People in Dechang county.
It is said that the ancestors of Lisu minority in Dechang county lived in "Wole" (now Wuben Township, Renhe District, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province) in the early period, and then moved to Dechang. The first time they moved to Dechang was around 1660. Since then, Lisu people from Miyi, Panzhihua, Yanbian and even Yunnan moved in gradually.
After they moved in, they lived closely mainly in Erban Mountain, engaged in farming, grazing and hunting, and were economically self-sufficient, so they have been little affected by the outside world, and a lot of traditional culture are retained.
The Lisu minority in Dechang county is popular in the worship of spirits, ancestors and ghosts. In the past, there was a native language but no texts. Lishu people began to study Lisu language in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province from 1984, and thus Lisu language became popular in the territory of Liangshan. Lisu People are traditionally monogamous, and arranged marriage and consanguineous marriage were popular. After the implementation of Marriage Law, free love prevails in Lisu area.
In recent years, Liangshan prefecture has carried out poverty alleviation policies, and most of the Lisu People are living in good houses. They don't worry about food and clothing, and their lives are full of hope. Great development has been made in education. Central schools have been established in Jinsha and Nanshan townships.There are kindergartens in all villages,and 15 years of free education have been popularized. Health clinics are set in every village, and it has become a normal practice for people to see a doctor if they are ill. The flue-cured tobacco, early vegetables, forest, fruit and labor export industry are scaled, and the income of farmers has increased significantly.
Under the guidance of the Party's national policy, great changes have taken place in the Lisu region of Dechang county. In 2016, Lisu People in the county got rid of poverty and entered a well-off society.
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（據涼山彝州新聞網）
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