一、只用that不能用which的情況:
(1)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時:
The most important thing that we should do is tostudy hard.我們要做的最重要的事情就是努力學習。
(2)被修飾的先行詞為all/ any/ much/many/ everything/ anything/ none/the one等不定代詞時:
Is there any thing that you want to buy?你有什麼東西要買嗎?
(3)先行詞被the only/ the very/ the same/the last/ little/ few等詞修飾時:
This is the same book that I lost.這就是我丟的那本書。
(4)先行詞裡同時含有人和物時:
I can remember the persons and some pictures that Isaw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
(5)避免重複:
Which is the pen that belongs to you?哪支筆是你的?
(6)主句是there be結構:
There is a pen on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那支筆是湯姆的。
二、只用which,而不用that的情況:
(1)先行詞為that/ those時:
What’s that which is underthe desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什麼?
(2)關係代詞前有介詞時
This is the city in which he lives.這是他生活的城市。
(3)引導非限制性定語從句:
Tom passed the exam, which made us surprised.湯姆通過了考試,這使我們很驚訝。
that VS who
兩者均可指人,有時可互換:
All that /who heard the news were sad. 所有聽到消息的人都很傷心。
He is the only one among us that/ who knows Spanish.他是我們中間唯一懂西班牙語的人。
一、只用that不能用who的情況:
(1)當先行詞指人又指物時:
I remember the persons and pictures that I saw in themuseum. 我記得在博物館看到的那些人和圖片。
(2)避免重複:
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰贏得了1982年的世界盃?
(3)當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(可省略):
Jack is not the boy (that) he was ten years ago.傑克不再是十年前那個樣子了。
二、只用who不能用that的情況:
(1)先行詞為one、ones或anyone :
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 所有違法的人都該受到懲罰。
(2)先行詞為those且指人:
Those who break the law will be punished. 違法的那些人都會受到懲罰。
(3)在there be開頭的句子中:
There is a student who wants to see you.
(4)避免重複:
Who is the boy that is writing?正在寫字的那個男孩是誰?
(5)在非限制性定語從句中:
I have a good friend, who comes from the USA.
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