<strong> 代词在句中用来代替名词、
名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。
<strong>【重点知识梳理】
一：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法
1．both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.
两个男孩都不聪明。
2．all，none，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.
All (of) the milk is there.
Every student in our school works hard.
我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
二：some和any的用法
1．表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如：[来源:Z#xx#k.Com]
If you have any questions, please ask me.[来源:学,科,网]
2．在疑问句中可用some，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如：
Would you like some coffee?
3．some可接单数名词表示“某一个”；any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如：
I remember having read this article in some magazine.
Here are three novels.You may read any.
三：复合不定代词的用法
由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。
1．some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：
Somebody is waiting outside.I have something for you.She thinks she's something since she won the prize.
获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。
2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：
Does anybody else want to go?
There isn't anythingin the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：
Anybody can work outthat simple maths problem.
You can take anything you like.
3．no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.
4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.
对她来说儿子就是一切。
四：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别
| the other/other | the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义 |
He is willing to help others/other people.
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.
Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.
五：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别
考点六：替代词的用法和区别
考点七：it的用法
1．it可用于无人称句，表示自然现象、季节、时
间、距离、环境等。如：
It is getting warmer and warmer.
It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home.
It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school. It's very quiet at the moment.
2．it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如：
It's important for us to learn a second language.
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
3．熟记下列有关it的固定句型
make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that；put it
<strong>【题型示例】
<strong>题型一、 单句改错1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steadily.
2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ)It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot.
4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ)I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.However，my parents didn't seem to think such.
5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ)At first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
6．(2016·新课标Ⅲ)At last，I will beon my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
7．(2016·四川)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.
8．(2015·新课标Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment.
9．(2015·陕西)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.
<strong>题型<strong>二<strong>单句填空
1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________(it)mother.
2．(2016·四川，68)By that time，the panda no longer needed ________(it)mother for food.
3．(2016·浙江，3)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.
4．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，63)A few hours before，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with ________(it)choking smog.
5．(2015·四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but ________ is useful to my knowledge.
6．(2015·重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September，but ________ knows the date for sure.
7．(2014·辽宁，65)Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.
8．(2014·广西，25)—Who's that at the door?
—________ is the milkman.
9．(2014·浙江，3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
10．(2014·陕西，21)I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
<strong>题型三<strong>语法填空
1.(2015·福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey
，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
2. (2014·新课标Ⅱ，49)A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear！It's ________(I)．”
| another | ||||||
| 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者 | 以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another | 后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)” | ||||
| others/the others | | |||||
| o | thers | 只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others | ||||
| none | ||||||
| 既可 | 指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句 | |||||
| —How much money do you have?—None. | ||||||
| no one/nobody | ||||||
| 只能指人；是泛指概念， | 常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数 | —Who is in | the room? | —Nobody./Noone. | nothing | |
| 只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句 | —What are you doingnow?—Nothing. | |||||
| it | ||||||
| 替代前 | 面提到过的同一个人或者物 | |||||
| —Have you found your pen?—No, I haven't found it. | ||||||
| one/one | s | one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋ | 单数名词。其复数形式为ones | I think this book is better than the one I read la | st time. | [来源:学科网]These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones. |
| that/those | ||||||
| that用来 | 替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代， | 但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those | ，相当于the ones | The weather in Beijing is much c | older than that | in Nanjing in winter. |
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