<strong> 代詞在句中用來代替名詞、
名詞短語或句子的詞稱為代詞。代詞可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或定語等。近3年來，高考重點考查不定代詞，所考題量佔所考代詞總量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代詞。試題的設計注重語境設置，要求考生將句子意思和句子結構聯繫起來選出正確的代詞。因此，做題時要在熟練掌握各類代詞基本用法的基礎上，特別注意句意和句子結構的結合，只靠死背語法是很難奏效的。
<strong>【重點知識梳理】
一：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法
1．both，either，neither用於兩者。both意為“兩者都”；either意為“兩者中的任何一個”；neither意為“兩者中的任何一個都不”。如：
Both the boys are clever.兩個男孩每個都很聰明。
Either of the two boys is clever.兩個男孩都很聰明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.
兩個男孩都不聰明。
2．all，none，each，every用於多者。all意為“全部都”，指可數的東西時為複數，指不可數的東西時為單數；none意為“全都不，任何一個都不”，指可數的東西時可為單數或複數，指不可數的東西時為單數；each和every意為“每一個”，為單數，兩者都能作定語用，但each還可作主語、賓語和同位語。
All of the students are there.
All (of) the milk is there.
Every student in our school works hard.
我們學校的學生都很用功。
Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.每個學生都可有一本電子詞典。
二：some和any的用法
1．表示“一些”時，some常用於肯定句；any常用於否定、疑問或條件句中。如：[來源:Z#xx#k.Com]
If you have any questions, please ask me.[來源:學,科,網]
2．在疑問句中可用some，表示希望得到對方肯定的回答。如：
Would you like some coffee?
3．some可接單數名詞表示“某一個”；any可接單數名詞表示“任何一個”。如：
I remember having read this article in some magazine.
Here are three novels.You may read any.
三：複合不定代詞的用法
由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing構成的不定代詞，叫複合不定代詞。
1．some構成的不定代詞一般用於肯定句，意為“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：
Somebody is waiting outside.I have something for you.She thinks she's something since she won the prize.
獲獎之後，她覺得自己了不起了。
2．any構成的不定代詞一般用於否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中，意為“隨便某個人或物，無論什麼人或物，什麼人或物都可以”。如：
Does anybody else want to go?
There isn't anythingin the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!
有時也用於肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：
Anybody can work outthat simple maths problem.
You can take anything you like.
3．no構成的不定代詞意為“沒什麼人或物”。如：
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.
4．every構成的不定代詞意為“一切人或物，每個人或物”。everything還可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.
對她來說兒子就是一切。
四：the other，other，another，others，the others的區別
| the other/other | the other可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”；也可修飾名詞表示“另外的……”。other不能單獨使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義 |
He is willing to help others/other people.
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.
Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.
五：none，no one，nobody，nothing的區別
考點六：替代詞的用法和區別
考點七：it的用法
1．it可用於無人稱句，表示自然現象、季節、時
間、距離、環境等。如：
It is getting warmer and warmer.
It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home.
It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school. It's very quiet at the moment.
2．it可代替不定式、動名詞或從句作形式主語或形式賓語。如：
It's important for us to learn a second language.
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
3．熟記下列有關it的固定句型
make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that；put it
<strong>【題型示例】
<strong>題型一、 單句改錯1．(2016·新課標Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steadily.
2．(2016·新課標Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
3．(2016·新課標Ⅱ)It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot.
4．(2016·新課標Ⅲ)I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.However，my parents didn't seem to think such.
5．(2016·新課標Ⅲ)At first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
6．(2016·新課標Ⅲ)At last，I will beon my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
7．(2016·四川)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.
8．(2015·新課標Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment.
9．(2015·陝西)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.
<strong>題型<strong>二<strong>單句填空
1．(2016·新課標Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________(it)mother.
2．(2016·四川，68)By that time，the panda no longer needed ________(it)mother for food.
3．(2016·浙江，3)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.
4．(2015·新課標Ⅰ，63)A few hours before，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with ________(it)choking smog.
5．(2015·四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but ________ is useful to my knowledge.
6．(2015·重慶，2)The meeting will be held in September，but ________ knows the date for sure.
7．(2014·遼寧，65)Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.
8．(2014·廣西，25)—Who's that at the door?
—________ is the milkman.
9．(2014·浙江，3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
10．(2014·陝西，21)I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
<strong>題型三<strong>語法填空
1.(2015·福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey
，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
2. (2014·新課標Ⅱ，49)A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear！It's ________(I)．”
| another | ||||||
| 可單獨使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者 | 以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代替或修飾單數可數名詞。另外another | 後可接“基數詞/few＋複數名詞”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)” | ||||
| others/the others | | |||||
| o | thers | 只能單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時用the others | ||||
| none | ||||||
| 既可 | 指人，也可指物；側重數量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；後可接of短語；作主語時謂語動詞可用單數，也可用複數；常用來回答由how many/much引導的疑問句 | |||||
| —How much money do you have?—None. | ||||||
| no one/nobody | ||||||
| 只能指人；是泛指概念， | 常用來回答由who引導的疑問句；不與of短語連用；作主語時，謂語動詞用單數 | —Who is in | the room? | —Nobody./Noone. | nothing | |
| 只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用來回答由what引導的疑問句 | —What are you doingnow?—Nothing. | |||||
| it | ||||||
| 替代前 | 面提到過的同一個人或者物 | |||||
| —Have you found your pen?—No, I haven't found it. | ||||||
| one/one | s | one用來替代前面出現的單數名詞，是泛指概念，相當於a/an＋ | 單數名詞。其複數形式為ones | I think this book is better than the one I read la | st time. | [來源:學科網]These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones. |
| that/those | ||||||
| that用來 | 替代前面出現的同類的名詞，是同類替代， | 但並非同一個，可以是可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞。指代單數可數名詞相當於the one。其複數形式為those | ，相當於the ones | The weather in Beijing is much c | older than that | in Nanjing in winter. |
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