65.古箏：Chinese Zither
66.二胡 ：Urheen
67.門當戶對：Perfect Match/Exact Match
68.《水滸》: Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
69.端午節：Dragon Boat Festival
70.文房四寶 ：“The Four Treasure of the Study”
“Brush, Inkstick, Paper and Inkstone”
71.兵馬俑: Cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army
72.旗袍：Cheongsam
73.指南針：Compass
74.潑水節：Water-Splashing Day
75.餛飩：Wonton
76. 花捲：Steamed twisted rolls
77.羊肉泡饃：Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup
78.冰糖葫蘆：A stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples, etc.)
79.八寶飯：Eight-treasure rice pudding
80.粉絲：Glass Noodles
81.豆腐腦：Jellied bean curd
82.小品：Witty Skits
83.孝順：To show filial obedience
84.武術：Wushu (Chinese Martial Arts)
85.宣紙：Rice Paper
86.衙門： Yamen
87.叩頭：Kowtow
88.中庸：The way of medium(cf. Golden Means)
89.牌樓：Pailou (pai-loo)
90.東坡肉：Dongpo Pork
91.中山陵：The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
92.秦淮河：Qinhuai River
93.玄武湖：Xuanwu Lake
94.夫子廟：The Confucian Temple
95.鴨血粉絲：Duck blood and Vermicelli Soup
96.鹽水鴨：Yanshuiya, or salted and baked duck
97.大煮乾絲：Gansi
98.小籠包：Steamed buns
99.明孝陵：Ming Tomb
100.雲錦：Nanjing brocade
二、相關話題作文預測
壹
某中學生英文報就“保護中國傳統文化”為主題舉行英語徵文活動。你準備給該報投稿，稿件內容包括：
1. 保護中國傳統文化的重要性
2. 列舉1-2個你所知道的國家或當地政府文化保護的事例;
3. 談談你對文化保護的建議。
字數要求：120字。
【參考範文】
Protect Traditional Chinese Culture
The protection of national and folk culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity and also to the harmonious development between local economic and social development. It is reported that the Guangdong government pays special attention to protecting Chaoju(潮劇)， a local drama born in Chaozhou in the eastern Guangdong province.
In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively. To start with, we should make a law to regulate the society’s performance. Besides, we should draw more people’s attention to it, for the more they know about the importance of culture protection, the stronger support we can get from the public.
In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture.
貳
假如你叫李華，最近你的美國筆友Tony要來北京體驗中國傳統文化，請根據他的
問題回覆郵件，為他設計北京一日遊活動，幫助他體驗中國傳統文化。請描述你們打算去的地方、具體的活動安排、以及這樣安排的理由。
提示詞語：traditional Chinese culture, tea house, Peking Opera, paper cutting
【參考範文1】
Hi, Tony!
I’m glad that you will come to Beijing soon. There are lots of places of interest in Beijing. In order to experience traditional Chinese culture better, I do recommend Beijing Hutong tour.
First, we’re going to go sightseeing along the lanes in Hutong. The houses in Hutong are traditional, such as Siheyuan. From them, you can imagine how people used to live. Of course you can stop anywhere you like and it is interesting to take pictures or have a close look. Second, we are going to pay visits to a Hutong family. We can have lunch there and have a short talk with the local residents, which can help you learn about many stories of the past. We can not only appreciate the dramatic changes that Hutong has undergone, but also see evidence of the history of Beijing, experience the old way of life and experience traditional Beijing culture.
In a word, Hutongs are the homes of common people in the past. It is easy to know how people lived and had fun in the old days. So it is a good choice to learn about traditional Chinese culture.
I’m looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【參考範文2】
Hi, Tony!
I’m glad that you will come to Beijing soon. There are many places of interest where you can experience the traditional Chinese culture in Beijing, but I’d like to take you to Nanluoguxiang.
First, we can take a walk along the lanes in Hutong to feel the architectural style of the old buildings like Siheyuan and local people’s way of life. Besides, you can have a talk with the residents to know more about the history about Hutong. What’s more, we can try all kinds of local foods on the way. And you can buy some paper cuttings as gifts for your friends. When we feel tired, it’s a good choice for us to go to a tea house. There, we can taste all kinds of Chinese tea and get a lot of knowledge about tea. Most importantly, we can watch Peking Opera while drinking tea, which is a typical art to reflect Beijing humanities features.
As for the reason why we go there, I think it can make you better experience traditional Chinese tea culture, the food culture and the characteristics of the old residence in Beijing.
I’m looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
叄
假如你叫李華，你的美國筆友Tom對中國的傳統節日非常感興趣。他想請你介紹你最喜歡的一個節日，如中秋節、端午節、春節等，你通常是怎麼慶祝的，以及你喜歡這個節日的原因。請你根據他的問題回覆郵件。
提示詞語：eat, get together, share, happy, special
【參考範文1】
Hi! Tom,
I’m glad to hear that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals.
My favorite festival is the Mid-Autumn Festival. It usually comes in September or October. On that day, our family members usually get together and have a nice meal. After that, I always admire the moon and share mooncakes with my families.
I love this festival because I like eating mooncakes. They are in the shape of a full moon. They carry people’s wishes to the families they love and miss. In short, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a day of pleasure and happiness. I hope that my letter will help you know more about Chinese festivals.
Yours,
Li Hua
【參考範文2】
Hi! Tom,
My favorite Chinese festival is the Spring Festival which comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year. There is a name for each year, such as the dog, the monkey, the tiger or one of the twelve animals, and this year is the year of the horse.
Before the New Year’s Day, the Chinese people usually give their houses a good cleaning and on the last evening of the old year, all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal. People usually have jiaozi, fish, niangao and many other dishes. On the first or second day of the new year, people usually go to visit their relatives and friends and give some lucky money to children.
Among all the festivals, I like the Spring Festival best not only because I can enjoy delicious food, but also because I can relax myself by spending a few days with my family, my relatives and my friends.
Yours,
Li Hua
【參考範文3】
Hi! Tom,
I’m glad to hear that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals. There are many traditional festivals in China, and my favorite is the Spring Festival. It falls on the first day of the Chinese lunar New Year. The Spring Festival is as important as Christmas in the U.S. and Chinese people have been celebrating it for many years.
To celebrate the Spring Festival, I usually stick the Chinese character “Fu” upside down on the door, which means happiness will come. Besides, I always prepare some red paper cutting to decorate my house because I believe the red color can bring our family good luck. On the eve of the festival, My family usually get together, having dinner and sharing some interesting experiences. Midnight is my favorite time because I can set off fireworks and admire them. Shining little stars coming out of fireworks create a warm atmosphere. Everyone is overjoyed as they say farewell to the old year and welcome the new year.
I really like the Spring Festival because it’s time for family reunions and the relationship between us becomes closer. Besides. What’s more, I can do various activities during the festival. I hope you can come to China to experience this colorful and meaningful festival.
Yours,
Li Hua
二、方法指導
句式升級十大技巧
廣東省河源市東源高級中學 餘愛香 百試樂英語
高分作文的重要特徵之一就是句式多變，語法活用。因此，考生在寫作時要善於合理升級句式，熟練掌握潤色句子的技能，交叉使用不同句型，增加句子的層次感和多樣化。考生可以通過以下十大技巧升級句式，寫出高分句子。
（一）變成被動句
被動句在英語中使用廣泛，在陳述一個客觀事實時，相對於主動句，使用被動句更能夠增強文章的說服力。
（建議信） I suggest that you should learn and sing Chinese songs.
→ 升級表達： It is suggested that youshould learn and sing Chinese songs.
（二）運用倒裝句
倒裝句是一種使句子呈現亮點的方法。在寫作中常見的倒裝句有以下幾種：
1. 以否定詞開頭的部分倒裝。
以 never, neither, nor, seldom, rarely, by no means, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, in no way, in nocase, at no time, Not only... but also, No sooner... than, Hardly ... when等否定或半否定詞開頭的句子。
（祝賀信表達高興） I could hardly hold back my excitement when I heard the news that you were admitted toyour ideal university.
→ 升級表達： Hardly could Ihold back my excitement when I heard thenews that you were admitted to your ideal university.
（感謝信） I will never forget your kindness and generosity.
→ 升級表達： Never will I forget your kindness and generosity.
（申請信） I not only have a good command of written English, but also I can speak English fairly well.
→ 升級表達： Not only do Ihave a good command of written English,but also I can speak English fairly well.
2. 以 “ Only+ 狀語” 開頭的部分倒裝。
（建議信） You can learn Chinese well only if you could take the above suggestions.
→ 升級表達： Only if you take the above suggestions,can you learn Chinese well.
3. so/such... that 句型中的 so/such 位於句首時，主句要部分倒裝。
（申請信） I am so interested in this job that I can't waitto apply for it.
→ 升級表達： So interested am I inthis job that I can' t wait to apply forit.
4. adj./adv. +as/though+ 主語 + 謂語 + 其它。
（申請信） Though I am very young, I have the confidence that I can handle this job well.
→ 升級表達： Young as/though I am ,I have the confidence that I can handlethis job well.
5. if 引導的虛擬條件句將 were, had, should 提前時。
（建議信） If I were you, I would try to read more books and magazines in Chinese.
→ 升級表達： Were I you , I would try to read morebooks and magazines in Chinese.
（三）運用感嘆句
感嘆句通常用於文章的開頭或結尾以便活躍文章氣氛，凡是 “ I feel... ” 表達情感類的皆可用感嘆句型轉換。
（申請信） I am extremely delighted to learn the news that you need a secretary and I am writing to apply forit.
→ 升級表達： How delighted I am tolearn the news that you need a secretaryand I am writing to apply for it.
（四）運用強調句
1. 用 do/does/did 強調一般現在時或一般過去時的謂語動詞。
（表達希望） I hope you can accept my apology and understand my situation.
→ 升級表達： I do hopeyou can accept my apology and understand mysituation.
2. 用強調句型強。
強調句型 “ it is/was + 被強調部分 +that/who+ 剩餘部分” 可以強調除謂語外的任何句子成分。
（感謝信） Your instructive assistance and professional advice enable me to have the precious chance to studyin my ideal university.
→ 升級表達： It is your instructive assistance andprofessional advice that enable me to have the preciouschance to study in my ideal university. （強調主語）
（五）運用從句
從句主要包括三大從句：名詞性從句，狀語從句和定語從句。
1. 名詞性從句的運用。
名詞性從句主要包括：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。其中常見的高級表達方式有： Whatinfluences/impresses /surprises /disappoints /troubles sb. is ...
（投訴信） Much to my disappointment, they did not pay any attention to my requirements.
→ 升級表達：
(1) What disappointed me was that they didnot pay any attention to my requirements. （ what 引導的主語從句）
(2) The fact that they did not pay any attention to my requirements disappointed me greatly. ( 同位語從句 )
2. 狀語從句的運用。
It was raining hard. We stillkept working on the farm.
→ 升級表達： Although it was raining hard, we stillkept working on the farm. ( 讓步狀語從句 )
（ 2016 全國卷 III ） We can set out early. We will have more time to read and select books.
→ 升級表達： We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books. （結果狀語從句）
3. 定語從句的運用。
（自我介紹） I am Li Hua and in charge of the English Club in our school.
→ 升級表達： I am Li Hua, who isin charge of the English Club in ourschool .
（ 2013 全國卷 I ） I have asked my uncle to bring you the Chinese painting. You' ve asked for it before.
→ 升級表達： I have asked my uncle to bring you the Chinese painting (that/which)you' ve asked for before.
（六）運用it句型
it 在句子中充當形式主語或形式賓語，代替真正的主語或賓語。
1. it 作形式主語。
(1) It is +adj./n. + (for sb.)to do sth. /that 從句
it is necessary /important/vital... , it is a great pity /shame...
(2) It is + 過去分詞 +that 從句
it is said /believed /well-known /acknowledged /suggested that...
( 道歉信 ) I missed such a preciouschance. It was a great pity.
→ 升級表達 : It was a greatpity that I missed such a preciouschance.
2. it 作形式賓語。
主語 +find /consider /feel /regard /make +it + adj./n. + (for sb.) to do/doing sth./that 從句。
1. ( 申請信 ) I can speak English fluently, so I find to communicate with foreigners very easy.
→ 升級表達 : I can speak English fluently, so Ifind it very
easy to communicate with foreigners .
2. ( 建議信 ) I think that you take part in the classdiscussion very important.
→ 升級表達 : I think it very important that you take part in the class discussion.
（七）運用虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣用於說話人表達並不是事實的情況，作用是表達假設、願望、懷疑和推測。
( 感謝信 ) Thanks to your selfless help, I finally madegreat progress in my English.
→ 升級表達
① But for/ Without yourselfless help, I wouldn' t have finally made great progress in my English.
② If it had not been foryour help, I wouldn' t have finally made great progress in my English.
（ 2008 全國卷建議信） You should make moreChinese friends to improve your Chinese.
→ 升級表達： If I were you, I would make moreChinese friends to improve my Chinese.
（投訴信） It is time for you to take measures to deal with these problems.
→ 升級表達 : It is (high) time that you shouldtake /took measures to dealwith these problems.
（八）運用分詞結構
1. 分詞作定語。
（求助信） I am confronted with some serious problems which trouble me a lot.
→ 升級表達 : I am confronted with some serious problems troubling me a lot.
2. 分詞作狀語。
（求助信） Because I have been faced with the above problems, I am writing to ask for your assistance.
→ 升級表達 : Having been facedwith the above problems, I am writing to ask for your assistance.
2. （申請信） I am an out-going person, so it makes it easier for me to get along well with others.
→ 升級表達 : I am an out-going person, making it easier for me to get along well with others.
（九）插入語的使用
適當加一些插入語也可以豐富句式，寫出新意。一些短句、副詞、介詞、分詞短語或者動詞不定式都可以放到句子中充當語氣較弱的插入語。常用插入語有： I amsure, I hope, I guess, I think, what ’ s more, what ’ s worse, what isimportant, luckily, undoubtedly, obviously, hopefully, by the way, inshort, generally speaking, to tell you the truth, to be honest 等等。
( 建議信 ) I hope the above suggestions will be of greathelp to you.
→ 升級表達 The above suggestions, Ihope , will be of great useto you.
This activity can helpstudents cultivate their awareness of cooperationand have a further understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
→ 升級表達 This activity can help students cultivate their awareness of cooperation and, more importantly, have afurther understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
（十）運用With結構
(2015 全國卷 II) As the Double Ninth Day is drawing closer/approaching, we are scheduled to visit theNursing Home on that day.
→ 升級表達： With the DoubleNinth Day drawing closer /approaching , we are scheduled to visit the Nursing Homeon that day.
牛刀小試：按要求升級下列句子。
1. （ 2017 全國卷 I ） I willgive the lesson from 9:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. next Sunday in the classroom201.
→ （用被動語態）_________________________________
2. （感謝信） I couldadapt to the American life quickly because of your selfless help.
→ （用虛擬語氣）_________________________________
→ （用 with 結構）_________________________________
→ （用強調句）___________________________________
3. （ 2017 全國卷 I ） As weknow, Tang Poetry is one of the Chinese precious traditional culturalrelics and also has a farreaching effect on the cultural development in theworld.
→ （用 notonly...but also 倒裝） ______________________
→ （用非限制性定語從句）_________________________
→ （用同位語）___________________________________
4. （ 2017 全國卷 II ） I am surethat the paper-cutting exhibition will leave a wonderful impression on you.
→ （插入語）_____________________________________
5. （ 2017 全國卷 III ） The sportof table tennis can not only prevent us students from gettingshort-sighted, but it can also help us keep physically and mentallyhealthy.
→ （用倒裝句）___________________________________
6. （ 2016 全國卷 II ） Ourschool photography club is going to hold an International PhotographyShow. The theme of the show is environmental protection.
→ （用定語從句合併）_____________________________
→ （用 with 結構合併） _____________________________
7. （ 2016 全國卷 III ） I feelawfully sorry to tell you that I can' t go to the bookstore with you onFriday afternoon.
→ （用感嘆句）___________________________________
8. （ 2017 年全國卷 II ） Now I amglad to tell you there will be a Chinese paper -cutting exhibition whichis held by our school.
→ （用非謂語）___________________________________
9. （求職信） I haverich experience of social practice and great communicative competence, soI firmly believe that I can be qualified for the job.
→ （用分詞作狀語） _______________________________
→ （用 with 結構）_________________________________
10. （感謝信） You arevery kind and generous to help me a lot during my stay in Almeria.
→ （用 it 作形式主語）_____________________________
11. （ 2012 全國卷 II 生日聚會） At first,we will light the candles and sing the song “ Happy Birthday ” togetherfor him. After that, we will enjoy the birthday cake and have funtogether.
→ （用被動語態，定語從句改寫句子） _______________
_____________________________________________________
12. （ 2016 全國卷 III ） It is agreat pity that I can' t go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
→ （用感嘆句）__________________________________
參考答案：
1. （用被動語態） Thelesson will be given from9:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. next Sunday in the classroom 201.
2. （用虛擬語氣） But for /without your selfless help, I couldn't have adapted to the American life quickly.
（用 with 結構） I couldadapt to the American life quickly
with yourselfless help.
（用強調句） It wasbecause of your selfless help that I could
adapt tothe American life quickly
3. （用 notonly...but also 倒裝） As we know, not only is Tang Poetry one of theChinese precious traditional cultural relics, but also it has afar-reaching effect on the cultural development in the world.
（用非限制性定語從句） As weknow, Tang Poetry is one of the Chinese precious traditional culturalrelics, which also hasa far-reaching effect on the cultural development in the world.
（用同位語） As weknow, Tang Poetry, one of the Chinese precioustraditional cultural relics, has a far-reaching effect onthe cultural development in the world.
4. （插入語） Thepaper-cutting exhibition, I am sure ,will leave a wonderful impression on you.
5. （用倒裝句） Not only can the sport of table tennis preventus students from getting short-sighted, but it can also help us keepphysically and mentally healthy.
6. （用定語從句合併） Ourschool photography club is going to hold an International PhotographyShow, the theme of which isenvironmental protection.
（用 with 結構合併） Ourschool photography club is going to hold an International PhotographyShow with the theme ofenvironmentalprotection.
7. （用感嘆句） How sorry I feel to tell you that I can't go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
8. (用非謂語） Now I amglad to tell you there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school.
9. （用分詞作狀語） Having rich experience of social practice and greatcommunicative competence , I firmly believe that I can bequalified for the job.
（用 with 結構） With rich experience of social practice and greatcommunicative competence , I firmly believe that I canbe qualified for the job.
10. （用 it 作形式主語） It is very kind and generous of you tohelp me a lot during my stay in Almeria.
11. （用被動語態，定語從句改寫句子） At first, the candles will be lighted and the song “ HappyBirthday ” will be sung togetherfor him, after which , wewill enjoy the birthday cake and have fun together.
12. （用感嘆句） What a great pity it is that I can' t goto the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon!
三、故事分享
A glass of Milk, paid in Full
One day, a poor boy who was selling goods from door to door to payhis way through school, found he had only one thin dime left, and he washungry. He decided he would ask for a meal at the next house. However, he losthis nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door.
Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought helooked hungry so brought him a large glass of milk.
He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?”
“You don’t owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught us neverto accept pay for a kindness.”
He said, “Then I thank you from my heart.”
As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt strongerphysically, but his faith in God and man was strong also. He had been ready togive up and quit.
Years later that young woman became critically ill. The localdoctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where they calledin specialists to study her rare disease.
Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation. When he heardthe name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes.Immediately he rose and went down the hall of the hospital to her room.
Dressed in his doctor’s gown he went in to see her. He recognizedher at once. He went back to the consultation room determined to do his best tosave her life. From that day he gave special attention to the case.
After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested thebusiness office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it,then wrote something on the edge and the bill was sent to her room.
She feared to open it, for she was sure it would take the rest ofher life to pay for it all. Finally, she looked, and something caught herattention on the side of the bill. She began to read the following words:
“Paid in full with oneglass of milk.
Signed, Dr. Howard Kelly.”
美文欣賞
做人，一定要把字寫好
莫言 文學批評
01
少時，父親就經常教育我們兄弟：“一定要把字寫好！”
人生來相貌醜陋，或出身貧困，那是沒有辦法的事。但字寫不好，則完全是個人的原因。我父親認為，只要肯下功夫，肯勤學苦練，就一定能把字寫好。
從書法藝術的角度來說，我父親的話不一定正確。
因為，一個沒有藝術天分的人，無論如何努力，也成不了書法家。
但即便是沒有任何藝術天分的人，只要肯努力，也會把字寫得好看一些。
而只要字寫得好看，即便不名一文，亦可走遍天下。
為了說服我們，父親還舉過很多例子。其中一例說我們的一位先祖，去參加縣太爺舉辦的社飲，因衣衫破舊，被那些身著綾羅綢緞的鄉紳慢待。
酒過數巡之後，縣太爺令眾鄉紳賦詩寫字。鄉紳們先是相互推讓，繼而踴躍獻技。我那位先祖在一旁冷笑。有人注意到了，便向縣太爺彙報。
最後的場面是，我那位先祖將身上的破棉襖甩掉，赤膊捉筆，飽蘸墨水，不是往紙上，而是往那白粉壁上，盡情地揮灑。
一時龍飛鳳舞，滿壁生輝。不但字好，詞也好。於是眾人刮目相看。我那先祖也被縣太爺請坐上席。
02
我這先祖，有一年，去為青州某大戶人家寫匾。因東家招待不周，心中鬱悶。只寫了三字，尚餘一字未寫，即呼手腕病發，不能握筆，然後買驢回鄉。
東家心中大惱，但看看已經寫出的那三個字，的確是好得不得了，只好忍氣吞聲，備厚禮來請。我那先祖卻禮數次，終於答應將那剩下的一個字寫完。
東家請我先祖上車，我先祖道：“上什麼車？”東家道：“去寫那個字啊。”我先祖笑道：“寫一個字，何必跑那麼遠？”
言畢，從炕蓆下抽出一片紙，用一塊破瓦片磨了一點墨，從牆角撿來一支禿筆，蘸墨揮毫，頃刻便成。見東家面有狐疑之色，我那先祖道：“拿回去貼上吧，若有絲毫差錯，我從今往後就不寫字了。”
時隔多日，遠隔數百里，只寫一個字，如何能保持與那三個字的風韻、氣勢、大小的統一性？對此疑問，我父親的解答是：“他已經把手‘靠’死了！”
“靠”字是我故鄉土語，大意是經過長期訓練，手上已經有了感覺。也就是孔夫子所說的“隨心所欲不逾矩”。
很可惜現在已找不到我先祖所寫的字，因而也就無法領略他寫得到底有多麼好。
儘管我沒能在書法方面下功夫，但通過我父親這種講故事式的教育，還是使我從小就對書法多了一些興趣，對能寫出一手好字的人自然也格外地尊敬和羨慕。
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