2018高考英語 破解虛擬語氣之含蓄條件句的訣竅
“含蓄條件句”是指用介詞短語的形式，起到代替條件句的作用。主句中的謂語動詞仍可象虛擬條件句那樣採用各種虛擬式。常使用的介詞短語由but for, without構成。
一. 典型例句
1. Without air, human being would not be able to survive.
= If there were no air, human being would not be able to survive.
如果沒有空氣，人類將無法生存。（與現在事實相反）
2. The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the caprain.
=If it had not been the efforts of the caprain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.
要不是船長的努力，我們就會連船帶人都沉沒了。（與過去事實相反）
注意：
without, but for暗示了條件，所以相當於虛擬條件句中的從句，它們所在的句子主幹相當於虛擬條件句中的主句，所以謂語動詞的形式應該和虛擬條件句中的主句謂語動詞形式相同。
虛擬的時間 | 介詞短語 | 主句的謂語形式 |
表示與現在事實相反 | without/but for | would（could/might/should）+do |
表示與過去事實相反 | would（could/might/should）+have done | |
表示與將來事實相反 | would（could/might/should）+do |
二. 例題
1. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _________, too cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing cold
C. can be freezing cold D. is freezing cold
2. But for the English examination, I ________________last Sunday.
A.went to the concert B. would have gone to the concert
C.would go to the concert D. had gone to the concert
三. 總結
含蓄條件句解題策略：
1. but for,without= if...，後接虛擬語氣
2. but for,without所在句子的主幹相當於虛擬條件句中的主句。
3. 判斷出時間，找出對應謂語動詞形式
虛擬的時間 | 介詞短語 | 主句的謂語形式 |
表示與現在事實相反 | without/but for | would（could/might/should）+do |
表示與過去事實相反 | would（could/might/should）+have done | |
表示與將來事實相反 | would（could/might/should）+do |
四. 高考真題
1. 【2015重慶卷】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn't write
B. hadn't written
C. wouldn't write
D. wouldn't have written
2. Without computers, the world_______what it is today.
A.would be
B.would not be
C.won’t be
D.hadn’t be
解析：由“Without computers如果沒有計算機”可知後面所表達的句子與事實相反，考查的應該是虛擬語氣。由today可知，句子為與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，所以謂語動詞應該使用的是would+動詞原形。句意為：“如果沒有計算機，世界將不會是現在這個模樣。”所以應該使用否定形式，答案為B。
閱讀更多 高考文理不分言之有理 的文章
