高二下人教版選修8Unit5同步解析二

高二下人教版選修8Unit5同步解析二

疑難追蹤

1

I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?

P38

難句解讀

對不起,打斷了你的講話,但請問他們怎麼能夠住在這個地方呢?

interrupt

可作及物動詞,亦可作不及物動詞,意為“打斷……講話,打岔,暫時中斷或中止”。可用於interrupt sb./sth.打擾某人/某事;interrupt with sth.打斷某事。

例如

I hope I’m not interrupting you.

我希望我沒有打攪你。

Hecklers interrupted her speech with jeering.

詰問者的嘲笑打斷了她的講話。

難點深究

disturb, interrupt的區別:

disturb強調“打擾,妨礙”;interrupt 強調“打斷,使……中斷”

例如:

Don’t disturb her because she is very busy.

她很忙,不要去打攪她。

When we were talking, he often interrupted the conversation.

當我們談話時,他常常打斷談話。

2

So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.

P38

難句解讀

因此,我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒,就住在這些洞穴裡

(1)本句中“it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold”是謂語動詞think的賓語從句,

從句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是不定式to assume they lived…the cold。句型“sb. think/suppose/consider/believe/feel it (is)+adj./n.+to do sth.”表示“某人認為做某事……”。

例如:

He might think it (is) polite to return the visit.

他或許認為回訪是禮貌的。

He considered it (is) our duty to look after the old man.

他認為照料這位老人是我們的職責。

I feel it (is) impossible to finish the work in a single day.

我認為在一天之內完成這項工作是不可能的。

(2)assume為動詞,意為“假定,假想,以為,假裝,裝作,擔任,承擔”。

例如:

We assume him to be innocent before hearing the evidence against him.

在未聽到對他不利的證詞之前,我們假定他是無罪的。

The winner of the election assumed the office of senator.

選舉獲勝者擔任了參議員的職位。

(3)regardless of 意為“不管,不顧,不考慮”, 是介詞短語,後接名詞、代詞或名詞性從句。

例如:

I’ll take the job regardless of the pay.

不管報酬多少,我都要這份工作。

He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’s feelings.

他怎麼想就怎麼說,不考慮別人的感受。

He climbed the tower regardless of the fact that it’s dangerous.

他不顧危險爬上了高樓。

We will do it regardless of what might happen. 不管情況怎樣,我們決意這樣做。

難點深究

(1) assuming放在句首,表示一種猜測;形容詞assumed 意為“假定的;假設的”;名詞assumption意為“假想;設想”,常用短語:make an assumption 意為“做假設”。

例如:

Assuming that the story is true, what should we do?

假定這個故事是真的,我們應該怎麼辦?

This is an assumed result.

這是一個假定的結果。

(2) 含有of的介詞短語有:

in spite of=despite 儘管;because of=on account of 由於;by means of 用某種方式,藉助於某事物;in front of…在……前面;instead of代替,而不是;in honour of 為紀念;in danger of 處於……危險中

3

That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.

P38

難句解讀

他們可能用地爐裡的火來保暖、做飯,還可以用火來嚇跑野獸。

這個句子中有三個並列謂語,即kept them warm, cooked the food和scared wild beasts away as well.“情態動詞+have+done”這一句型可表示對過去發生的事情的推測,

這些情態動詞主要有must,may, might,can’t, couldn’t等。must have done 表示對過去的動作的非常肯定的推斷,“一定……”,如果用may,might等則語氣不那麼肯定;表示“不可能……”,則用can’t,couldn’t,千萬不能用mustn’t, mustn’t 表示“禁止”。

例如

It must have rained last night.

昨晚上肯定下雨了。

He might/may have heard of the matter. 他可能已經聽說過這件事了。

Mary can’t have stolen your money. She has gone home.

瑪麗不可能偷你的錢,她回家去了。

The door was locked. He could not have been at home.

門鎖著,他不可能在家。

難點深究

(1) “情態動詞+have done”除了表示推測之外,也可表示虛擬,這些情態動詞主要有:would,could,may/might, should,ought to,need,對應的意思分別是“過去本會/本能夠/本可以/本應該/理應/本需要做,但實際上沒有做”,注意其否定形式在情態動詞後,have之前加not。

例如:

I would have told you all about the boy’s story, but you didn’t ask me.

我本來會告訴你這個小男孩的故事,但是你沒有問我。

He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.

本來他能夠通過考試,但是他太粗心。

He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.

他本可以給你更多幫助,即使他非常忙。

How I regret the time I should have studied but I wasted in woods.

我多麼後悔那些我本應該學習卻浪費在樹林裡的時間。

You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.

你當時在做試驗時應該更仔細點。

He ought not to(shouldn’t)have thrown the old clothes away.

他不該把舊衣服扔了。(事實上已經扔了。)

I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I needn’t have done so.The weather was hot.

這次旅行,我穿得衣服較多,其實沒有必要。那時天很熱。

(2) 與keep相關的短語:

keep (sb./sth.) away (from sb./sth.) 使(某人/某物)離開(某人/某物);

keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事;

keep sb. out of sth.使某人避免某事;keep in touch with 與……保持聯繫;

keep on doing sth.繼續做某事;

keep off遠離,避開;

keep sb. up使某人熬夜。

(3) as well, too, also的區別:這三個副詞均可表示“也,還”,區別在於:as well多放在句末;too多數情況下放在句末,偶爾也可放在句子中間;also多放在主要動詞前面或系動詞be的後面,有時也可放在其他位置。

例如:

My sister likes swimming, and I do as well.

我妹妹喜歡游泳,我也喜歡游泳。

He realized that she was exhausted too. 他意識到她也筋疲力盡了。

She was also a teacher.

她也是一位教師。

注意:

as well as是連詞,主要用來連接兩個並列的成分,意為“和,還,也,除……之外,還……”。如果連接兩個並列的主語時,謂語動詞應當與前面的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。

His name is known all over the world as well as in Japan. 他不僅聞名日本,而且聞名世界。

My son as well as I enjoys music. 我的兒子和我一樣喜歡音樂。

4

It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.

P38

難句解讀

看樣子他們是用磨尖的石器來切割野獸並剝皮的。

在形容詞sharp後加上後綴en成為動詞,sharpen可作及物動詞亦可作不及物動詞,意為“使尖銳,使急劇;變尖銳;變急劇”。

例如:

His speech sharpened the differences between the two men.

他的講話使兩人之間的分歧更嚴重。

The training will sharpen your thinking.

培訓會使你思維敏捷。

The knife needs sharpening.

這把刀需要磨一下了。

The walk has sharpened my appetite.

散步增進了我的食慾。

cut up意為“切碎,剪碎;摧毀,粉碎;使傷心,使悲痛”。

例如:

He has to have his food cut up for him.

他需要有人替他把食物切碎。

Our army cut up the enemy’s forces.

我們的軍隊摧毀了敵人的武裝部隊。

He was badly cut up by the news of his son’s death.

得到兒子的死訊,他極為悲傷。

難點深究

(1) en為動詞後綴。附在名詞、形容詞後構成動詞,表示“變為”、“使有”、“變得”、“變得有”

例如:

darken, deepen, broaden, harden, weaken, ripen, soften, hearten, strengthen。附在物質名詞之後構成形容詞,表示“由……製作的”,如:wooden, woolen, golden。

(2) 與cut相關的動詞短語還有:

cut across 走捷徑,抄近路;

cut down 砍倒,削減,降低;

cut out 剪下,剪裁,刪除,戒掉,停止;cut in (into) 插嘴,干涉,插入;

cut short 突然停止,停止,縮短;

cut off 切斷,斷絕,隔離,使孤立;

cut through 穿過,穿透,克服;

cut back 急忙返回,削減

5

Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.

P39

難句解讀

很對,植物學的分析結果告訴我們,這兒四周曾經是一個很大的淺水湖的一部分。

句中由as引導非限制性定語從句,指代整個主句all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake。analysis為名詞,意為“分析”,複數形式為analyses,短語in the final/last analysis 表示“歸根結底,總之”;analyse為及物動詞,意為“分析”。

例如:

You must make a detailed analysis of the report.

你必須對這個報告進行詳細分析。

The coach tried to analyse the cause of our defeat.

教練試圖分析我們失敗的原因。

難點深究

as引導定語從句時的用法:

(1) as引導限制性定語從句通常用於the same… as, such…as結構中。

例如:

I want the same shirt as my friend’s.

我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.

我們車間使用的這種機器是中國製造的。

(2) as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之後,用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

例如:

As I expected, he got the first place again in this midterm examination.

正如我所預料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

(3) as 引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區別

①當主句和從句語義一致時,用as;反之,用which來引導非限制性定語從句。

例如:

He made a long speech, as we expected.正如我們所期望的,他的發言很長。

He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

他的發言很長,這出乎我們的預料。

②當非限制性定語從句為否定時,常用which引導。

例如:

Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

湯姆每天喝很多酒,這一點他的妻子一點兒也不喜歡。

6

His university was aware of the significance of his work.

P40

難句解讀

他的大學意識到了他的工作的重要性。

significance為名詞,意為“意義,重要性,重要意義”, significant 為形容詞,表示“有意義的,意味深長的;重要的,重大的”,副詞significantly意為“有重大意義地;明顯地;顯著地;意味深長地”。常見用法及搭配有:of great significance=very significant 有重大意義,attach significance to sth.重視……。

例如:

What is the significance of the speech you made?

你這次演講有什麼意義?

The new discovery of oil is of great significance to this area’s economy.

這次新發現的石油對這個地區的經濟有著重大的意義。

He didn’t appear to attach any significance to our question.

他看起來一點也不重視我們的問題。

7

Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of transport.

P40

難句解讀

不管怎樣他騎三十英里自行車到達布萊克博士那裡,因為沒有其他的交通方式。

(1)somehow為副詞,意為“以某種方式;通過某種途徑;不知怎麼地”,也可以說成somehow or other。

例如:

Somehow or other we became good friends.

不知何故我們成了好朋友。

We must find money for the rent somehow or other.

我們必須以某種方式籌借房租的錢。

Somehow we must get to Qingdao.

我們得設法到青島去。

Somehow, I don’t feel I can trust him.

不知什麼緣故,我覺得不能信任他。

(2)alternative 作名詞時,意為“可能的選擇,選擇對象”,

常見搭配有:

have no alternative but to do,there is no alternative but to do, have no alternative to doing , 均表示“除做某事外,沒有其他辦法”或者“沒有其他辦法,只好做某事”,

其中的have no alternative but to do相當於have nothing to do but do,have no choice but to do或者could do nothing but do。 alternative作形容詞時表示“供選擇的;其他的”, 常用在名詞前作定語。

例如:

I had no alternative/choice but to send him to the police.=I have no alternative to sending him to the police.= I have nothing to do/could do nothing but send him to the police.

除了把他交給警察,我別無選擇。

The way was blocked, so we had to go by an alternative road.

這條路堵了,所以我們只能走其他的路。

難點深究

(1)someway,somehow,anyhow,anyway,somewhat的異同:someway=somehow 以某種方式,不知怎麼地;anyhow=anyway 無論如何,儘管,即使這樣;somewhat為副詞,意為“稍微,有點兒”。

例如:

I couldn’t believe her anyhow/anyway.

我無論如何也不能相信她。

It may not work, but I’ll have a try anyhow/anyway.

這可能行不通,但我無論如何都要試一試。

He looked somewhat annoyed.

他看來有幾分困擾的樣子。

(2) alternative與choice意思相近,都可表示“選擇”。alternative指較嚴肅的選擇,尤其用於兩者挑一;choice是普通用詞,強調自由選擇。

8

He knew that his success was almost entirely due to his assistant’s systematic hard work.

P40

難句解讀

他知道他的成功幾乎完全是因為他的助手的系統的艱辛的工作。

due為形容詞,可表示“到期的,應付(給)的,到期應付的;預定的,約定的,預定要到達或發生的”,通常只用作表語;若表示“適當的,合適的;應得的”,通常只放在名詞前作定語。

例如:

The bill is due.

這張票據已到期。

Respect is due to older people.

年長者應受到尊重。

Our grateful thanks are due to you.

我們衷心感謝你。

A great deal of money is due to you.

要付給你一大筆錢。

The meeting isn’t due to start until four.

會議預定要到四點才召開。

When is the train due?

火車什麼時候到?

The guests are due to arrive very soon.客人很快就會到。

We should pay due attention to this problem.

我們應對這個問題給予適當的關注。

You must put these things in due order.

你必須把這些東西按適當的順序放好。

短語due to(to為介詞)意為“欠下債(賬), 應給予;由於,因為;應歸功/咎於”,可以引導表語或狀語。

例如:

The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.

他的工資明天支付。

He was late due to the traffic jam.

他因交通堵塞而遲到了。

The accident was due to bad driving.

這次事故是由於不會開車。

His success was due to hard work.

他的成功都歸功於他的努力。

難點深究

because of, owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to的異同:

because of意為“因為,由於”,在句中一般作狀語,可置於句首或句末;

owing to意為“由於,因為”,在句中通常做狀語,可置於句首或句末;

due to意為“由於”,它引導的短語在句中一般作表語和定語,但在很多場合,可以與owing to換用,作狀語;

on account of意為“因為,由於”,它引導的短語在句中一般作狀語,可置於句首或句末;thanks to意為“幸虧,多虧,由於”等,其引導的短語在句中一般用作狀語,可置於句首或句末,可表達正面意思,也可用於諷刺的口吻中。

例如:

Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.

因為生病,這個男孩沒有去上學。

They could not cross the river owing to the flood.

因為洪水他們不能過河。

The accident is due to driving at high speed.

事故的起因是高速駕駛。

The train was late on account of the heavy snow.

由於大雪火車晚點了。

Thanks to your help, we finished the work ahead of time.

多虧你的幫助,我們提前完成了工作。

9

Well. I’m fed up with all the attention and…

P41

難句解讀

嗯,我對所有的關注很厭煩並且……。

feed up原義指“吃得太多,反胃”,引申為“感到厭煩”; be fed up with 意為“受夠了;飽受;厭煩”, be bored with…和be tired of…也可以表示“對……感到厭煩”。例如:

He is fed up with reading. =He is tired of/bored with reading

他厭倦讀書。

She was fed up with her deskmate.

她對同桌感到厭煩。

I am fed up with the same old sandwiches.

我已經吃厭了這種同樣的老式三明治。

10

Read the passage and find out what the possible work division was between men and women in primitive societies and fill in the chart below.

P42

難句解讀

閱讀這篇文章並找出原始社會男女之間的可能的社會分工,並填寫下面的表格。

division為名詞,意為“分割,劃分,分配,除法,分界線”, 可用於搭配:division of sth.分某物;division of sth. between/among sb.在某人之中分某物,與某人有分歧;division of sth. into sth.分某物為……,把……分為……。

例如:

the division of labour 分工

Is that a fair division of the money?

那樣分款公平嗎?

This is a simple problem in division.

這是簡單的除法。

The river forms the division between the heavy industrial and light industrial areas of the city.

這條河成了這座城市重工業區和輕工業區的分界線。

難點深究

divide, separate的區別:這兩個詞都有“分開”的意思,但含義和用法不太相同。divide表示“分,分開”,指把整體分成若干份,常與介詞into搭配使用;而separate意為“隔開”,指把原來連在一起或靠近的分離開來,使之有一段距離,常用於separate…from…結構。

例如:

Let’s divide our class into 7 groups.

讓我們把班級分成7組。

Please don’t let such a small matter divide us.

請不要讓這種小事使我們失和。

Look! The two boys are fighting. Let’s go and separate them.

看!那兩個男孩在打架。我們過去把他們分開吧。

11

She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.

P43

難句解讀

當族人為他的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時候,拉拉覺得非常自豪。

applaud可作及物動詞亦可作不及物動詞,意為“鼓掌歡迎,拍手稱讚,喝彩,讚賞”,常見用法有:applaud sb./sth.為……鼓掌,稱讚/贊成……;applaud sb. for sth.因為……稱讚某人。

例如:

The audience applauded the singer’s performance.

觀眾為歌手的表演熱烈鼓掌。

I applauded her for having the courage to refuse.

我讚賞她敢於拒絕的勇氣。

The crowd applauded him/his performance for five minutes.

群眾為他/為他的演出鼓掌五分鐘。

We all applaud/praise your decision. =We all applaud/praise you for your decision.我們一致贊成你的決定。

Please applaud our success.

請為我們的成功喝彩。

難點深究

applause是不可數名詞,意為“掌聲,鼓掌,讚許,喝彩”。

例如:

His speech was frequently interrupted by applause.

他的演說不時被掌聲打斷。

12

If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!

P43

難句解讀

她要是今年早有預見,計劃得更好些就好了!

if only意為“但願;要是……就好了”,往往用於含虛擬語氣的句子中,一般為感嘆句,用一般過去時表示對現在或將來的虛擬,用過去完成時表示對過去的虛擬。

例如:

If only I were you!

我要是你就好了!

If only you hadn’t told me the truth!

你要是沒告訴我真相就好了!

look ahead意為“向前看,為將來打算,未雨綢繆,展望未來,考慮將來”。

例如:

Looking ahead, you must expect a brilliant future.

展望未來,你肯定會有一個光輝的前程。

You shouldn’t be eager for quick success and instant benefit but should look ahead.

你不應該急功近利,而應把眼光放遠一些。

Look ahead and you can see a tall building.

向前看,你可以看到一座高樓。

難點深究

(1) if only, only if的區別:if only意為“要是……就好了”,後接虛擬語氣;only if 意為“只要”,後接從句時用陳述語氣。例如:

If only I could fly like a bird!

要是我能像鳥一樣飛就好了!(與現在的事實相反)

You will succeed only if you work hard.

只要你努力學習,你就會成功。

(2) 由look構成的動詞短語有:

look around/round環顧,遊覽,參觀;

look back回想,回顧過去;

look after 照顧;

look down on/upon 輕視,看不起;

look forward to 期待,盼望;

look for 尋找;

look into 朝……裡面看,調查,研究(問題、罪行等);

look on 旁觀;

look out (for) 小心,當心,留神;

look through 瀏覽,快速閱讀,仔細查閱;

look up (在書、名單、計算機等)查閱(資料),抬頭看。

13

Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.

P43

難句解讀

聽著狼在森林裡嗥叫,拉拉沿著回洞穴的路走著,她的步伐加快了,擔心會有野獸埋伏襲擊她。

在這個句子中,有兩個分詞短語做狀語,一個是having…,另一個是fearing…。這兩個分詞短語的邏輯主語都與主句主語一致,都是Lala。Having heard…表示這一動作在主句謂語動作之前已經完成;fearing that…作伴隨狀語。

例如:

Having cleaned the rooms, we began to paint the house.

打掃完了房間之後我們開始油漆房子。

Having bought the tickets, they entered the theater, talking and laughing.

買了票之後,他們說笑著走進劇院。

accelerate作不及物動詞時,意為“使(某事物)加快,促進(某事物)”,做及物動詞時,意為“加速,加快”,名詞acceleration意為“加快,加速;(指車輛)加速性能”。

例如:

The new policy has accelerated the prosperity of economy.

新政策促進了經濟的繁榮。

In order to catch up with and surpass the advanced world levels we’ll have to accelerate our speed.

要趕超世界先進水平, 我們還得快馬加鞭。

短語lie in wait for… 的意思有:“等待伏擊某人,埋伏以待,準備出其不意地襲擊;不愉快的事發生在某人身上”。

例如:

When the little girl walked through the forest, a wolf was lying in wait for her.

小姑娘穿過森林的時候,一隻大灰狼在靜候著她。

Little did I know what troubles were lying in wait for me when I got home.

我回家時根本就不知道有什麼麻煩等著我。

14

She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.

43

難句解讀

快到目的地的時候,一陣香氣撲鼻,她不往前走了,停了下來。

when引導時間狀語從句時,通常意為“(當)……時候”,主句表示一件事正在發生或即將發生,when引導的從句則表示此時又發生了另一件事。when常帶有“突然”之意,可意為“正在……,突然……”或“正在……,這時……”。

例如:

I was working in the garden when I suddenly felt a pain in my stomach.

我正在花園裡幹著活,突然感到肚子疼。

Frank was about to leave when he noticed a letter lying on the floor.

費蘭克正打算離開,這時他注意到地板上有封信。

arrest作及物動詞時,意為“逮捕,吸引”,作名詞時,意為“逮捕,拘留”。慣用搭配有:arrest sb. for sth.因……逮捕某人,under arrest被逮捕,arrest one’s attention 吸引某人注意。

例如:

I arrest you in the name of the law.

我以法律的名義逮捕你。

The beautiful sunset arrested our attention.

美麗的日落吸引了我們的注意力。

He was charged with resisting arrest.

他被控拒捕。

You are arrested for murder. =You are under arrest for murder.

你因謀殺而被捕了。

難點深究

when表示“突然……,這時……”之意時主要用於下列句型中:

(1)“was/were doing sth.+when 從句”,意為“正在幹……這時……”,

例如:

I was cooking when the door bell rang.

我正在做飯這時候門鈴響了。

(2)“was/were about to do sth.或者was/were on the point of doing sth.+when從句”表示“正要/正準備做某事,就在這時……”。

例如:

I was on the point of going to bed when you rang.

我正要睡覺的時候,你來電話了。

(3)“was/were+表狀態的介詞短語+when從句”意為“正在做某事,就在這時……”。例如:

She was on the way home when two boys stopped her.

她正往家走,突然兩個男孩攔住了她。

(4) “had (just/almost) done sth.+when從句”意為“剛做完/幾乎要做完某事,這時……”。

例如:

I had almost talked myself into giving up when I decided to go on.

我幾乎都要說服自己放棄了,這時我決定還是要繼續下去。

15

Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.

P43

難句解讀

突然間她坐了下來,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把摟了起來。

句中only作副詞,意為“不料,結果卻”,此時only常和to do連用,表示出乎意料或令人失望的結果,表示結果的事件緊接著前面的事件發生。

例如:

He hurried home only to find the guests had left.

他匆匆忙忙趕回家,結果卻發現客人們已經走了。

I tore open the box, only to discover that some of the parts were missing.

我撕開了盒子,卻發現有些零件不見了。

He made a long speech only to show his foolishness.

他講了一大通,結果只是顯露了他的愚蠢。

難點深究

動詞不定式與現在分詞均可作結果狀語,前者表示意料之外的結果,後者表示自然而然在意料之中的結果。

例如:

We got to the cinema, only to be told the tickets had been sold out.

我們到達了電影院,結果被告知票已經售完了。

The number of the students in our school reaches 5000, making it the largest school in our area.

我校學生的數量達到5000人,使它成為本地區最大的學校。

16

Just then a tall man came up behind her. He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.

P43

難句解讀

就在那時,她身後來了一位高個子男人,他的臉盤又大又方,濃眉大眼,顴骨突出。

come up意為“走上前來,走近;(問題)發生,出現;被提及,被提出”。

例如:

A stranger came up to him and asked him to show the way to the hospital.

I will let you know if anything comes up. 如果有事發生我會告訴你。

A number of interesting points came up at today’s meeting.

在今天的會議上一些有趣的觀點被提了出來。

注意:come up表示“被提及,被提出”之意時,句子使用主動形式表示被動意義。

難點深究

(1) 由come構成的動詞短語有:

come up with 想出,提出(主意、解決辦法等);

come up against 突然遇到(困難,反對或不愉快的事);

come across 偶然遇見;

come at sb.撲向某人;

come back to 回到某地,回到某個問題上;

come out 出現,出版,(指花朵等)開始長出

(2) 英語中,如果兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞時,與被修飾的名詞關係較密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個形容詞的密切程度差不多,則音節少的形容詞在前,音節多的在後。如:a small wonderful gift。多個形容詞修飾一個名詞的順序通常為:限定詞(these, those…)+數量形容詞(three)+描繪性形容詞(beautiful)+大小、長短、高低等形體性形容詞(large, long, high)+新舊(old)+顏色(red)+國籍(Chinese)+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修飾名詞(desk)。

例如:

He has a long red American car.

他有一輛紅色的美國長跑車。

They live in a beautiful old house.

他們住在一所漂亮的老房子裡。

She has a lovely red woolen jumper.

她有一件可愛的紅色套頭羊毛衫。

It was a lovely old French song.

這是一首好聽的法語老歌。

He owns a horrible big black dog.

他養著一條黑色的大惡狗。

關於多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序問題,以下這個口訣有助於記憶:

限定描繪大長高,

形狀年齡和新老,

顏色國籍跟材料,

作用類別往後靠。

17

… and can be dated bake to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.

P44

難句解讀

……可追溯到3000至5000年以前。date from等同於date back to ,意為“追溯到,開始於”。

例如:

The church dates back to the 13th century.

該教堂是13世紀建的。

The earliest coins in China can date back to thousands of years ago.

中國最早的貨幣可以追溯到幾千年前。

The custom dates from ancient times.

這個習俗是從古代開始的。

難點深究

date back to與date from一般都不用於被動語態和進行時態。儘管兩者後面接的是過去時間,但通常要與一般現在時連用。但是,如果談論的主體現在已經不存在了,則可用一般過去時。

例如:

The church, which dated back to the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.

那座教堂是13世紀建成的,兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。


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