病毒肆虐的日子，讓我們好好窩在家為國家做貢獻，實在無聊了來學學醫學常識和英語。今天來了解病毒和細菌的區別。
Infectious diseases are cause by microbes.
傳染性疾病是由微生物引起的。
These are small organisms which are invisible with the naked eye and invade your body to get multiplied.
微生物是裸眼不可見的有機體，它們侵入人體進行復制。
The symptoms caused by an infection depend on the location, nature of the infection and type of the microbe.
感染引起的症狀取決於感染的位置，性質和微生物的種類。
The two major types of microbes are the bacterium and the virus.
最重要的兩種微生物是細菌和病毒。
Viruses are the smallest in size of all the microbes.
病毒是個頭最小的微生物。
They are able to attack almost any living organism.
它們能攻擊幾乎任何活的有機體。
A virus uses another organism, like a human being, as a host.
病毒使用其他有機體，比如人類，當作宿主。
It means that the virus invades a cell ofthe body and uses parts of the cell to multiply itself.
也就是說，病毒侵入人體細胞，使用細胞的部件複製自己。
In this way, hundreds of new viruses are produced, which can spread throughout the body.
通過這種方法，成百上千的病毒被複製出來，傳播到身體各個部位。
They can also infect new organisms.
它們還可以感染新的有機體。
Viruses can’t survive outside the body ofthe host for long.
病毒無法在宿主體外長時間存活。
They can only survive a few seconds to minutes after leaving that host.
離開宿主後，它們只能存活幾秒到幾分鐘時間。
Bacteria are much larger than viruses.
細菌比病毒大得多。
They live almost everywhere and many of them don’t cause infection.
它們幾乎在任何地方都可以生存，而且很多細菌並不引起感染。
A bacterium multiplies itself by division.
細菌通過分裂複製自己。
If the conditions are favourable (temperature,nutrition), some bacteria can multiply after every 20 minutes.
如果條件合適（即有合適的溫度、營養），一些細菌可以每20分鐘複製一次。
Your intestines contain large number of bacteria.
人類腸道含有大量細菌。
Normally, these bacteria don’t cause any problem.
正常情況下，這些細菌不會引起任何問題。
Actually they are quite useful in various ways, like digestion.
其實它們有很多用途，比如幫助消化。
But if you have weak immunity, the balance may become disturbed and complaints like diarrhea, constipation or cramps may occur.
但如果免疫力比較弱，平衡可能會被打破，從而出現拉肚子、便秘、腹部絞痛等疾病。
Viruses and some bacteria can cause infections.
病毒和一些細菌可以引起感染。
Locally, an infection causes redness and swelling.
感染會引起局部紅腫。
The tissue may also become warm and painful.
組織還可能發熱、疼痛。
Common symptoms of a viral or bacterial infection are fever, fatigue, and general malaise.
病毒或者細菌感染的常見症狀是發燒、疲倦和全身不適。
Mostly, viral infection is simple and the complaints subside by themselves.
多數情況下，病毒感染比較容易解決，病痛會自行消失。
It is difficult to eliminate viruses.
病毒很難消除。
Specific medicines have been developed only for certain viruses.
目前只針對某些病毒開發了特定藥物。
Also an infection usually resolves by itself.
而且感染通常會自行消失。
If this is not the case, the physician can prescribe antibiotics.
如果不消失，醫生可以開抗生素。
An antibiotic is only effective against a bacterium, not against a virus.
抗生素只對細菌有效，對病毒無效。
It is important to prevent the spread of microbes.
防止微生物傳播很重要。
Good hygiene can play an important role in prevention.
良好的衛生對於防止微生物傳播非常重要。
Regularly wash your hands and cover yourmouth with tissue paper or cloth whenever you cough or sneeze.
勤洗手，咳嗽或打噴嚏時用紙巾或布捂住嘴。
Take proper care of little wounds by disinfecting them with iodine or alcohol.
適當處理小傷口，用碘酒或酒精消毒。
詞彙與短語
1. bacterium，[bæk'tɪərɪəm]，n. 細菌，單數，複數為bacteria [bækˈtɪəriə]。
2. virus，[ˈvaɪrəs]，n. 病毒。
3 . immunity，[ɪˈmjuːnəti]，n. 免疫力。
4 . diarrhea，[,daɪə'riə]，n. 腹瀉，痢疾。
5. cough，[kɒf]，v. 咳嗽；n. 咳嗽。
6. sneeze，[sniːz]，vi. 打噴嚏；n. 噴嚏。
7. tissue paper，紙巾。
8. complaints，[kəmˈpleɪnt]，n. 抱怨；訴苦；疾病。
