Teenager 'blind' from living off crisps and chips
青少年因吃薯片和薯條而"失明"
By Michelle Roberts
Health editor
米歇爾·羅伯茨
健康編輯
Experts are warning about the dangers of "fussy eating" after a 17-year-old suffered irreparable sight loss after living on a diet of chips and crisps.
日前，英國一名17歲的少年因只吃薯條和薯片而失明，視力無法恢復。
Eye doctors in Bristol cared for the young man after his vision had deteriorated to the point of blindness.
布里斯托爾的眼科醫生在這名年輕人視力惡化到失明的程度後對他進行了護理。
Since leaving primary school, the teen had been eating only French fries, Pringles and white bread, as well as an occasional slice of ham or a sausage.
從小學畢業以來，這個孩子只吃薯條、品客薯片和白麵包，偶爾還吃一片火腿或香腸。
Tests revealed he had severe vitamin deficiencies and malnutrition damage.
檢查顯示他有嚴重的維生素缺乏和營養不良的損害。
Extreme picky eater
極端挑剔的食客
The adolescent, who cannot be named, had seen his GP at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell. At that time he was diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency and put on supplements, but he did not stick with the treatment or improve his poor diet.
這名不願透露姓名的青少年14歲時就去看了醫生，因為他一直感到疲倦和不適。當時，他被診斷出缺乏維生素B12，並補充了維生素B12，但他沒有堅持治療，也沒有改善他的不良飲食。
Three years later, he was taken to the Bristol Eye Hospital because of progressive sight loss,
Annals of Internal Medicine journal reports.據《內科醫學年鑑》雜誌報道，三年後，他因為逐漸失明被送往布里斯托爾眼科醫院。
Dr Denize Atan, who treated him at the hospital, said: "His diet was essentially a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps - Pringles - and sometimes slices of white bread and occasional slices of ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.
在醫院為他治療的Denize Atan醫生說:"他的飲食基本上就是每天從當地炸魚薯條店買一些薯條。他還經常吃薯片——品客薯片——有時吃幾片白麵包，偶爾吃幾片火腿，不吃任何水果和蔬菜。
"He explained this as an aversion to certain textures of food that he really could not tolerate, and so chips and crisps were really the only types of food that he wanted and felt that he could eat."
"他解釋說，這是因為他討厭某些他實在無法忍受的食物質地，所以薯條和薯片是他唯一想吃的食物，他覺得自己可以吃。"
Dr Atan and her colleagues rechecked the young man's vitamin levels and found he was low in B12 as well as some other important vitamins and minerals - copper, selenium and vitamin D.
Atan醫生和她的同事重新檢查了這名年輕人的維生素水平，發現他體內的B12以及其他一些重要的維生素和礦物質——銅、硒和維生素D含量都很低。
Shocking findings
震驚的發現
He was not over or underweight, but was severely malnourished.
他沒有超重或體重不足，但嚴重營養不良。
"He had lost minerals from his bone, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age."
他沒有超重或體重不足，但嚴重營養不良。"他的骨頭裡礦物質流失了，這對他這個年齡的男孩來說真的很震驚。"
In terms of his sight loss, he met the criteria for being registered blind.
在視力方面，他符合盲人登記的標準。
"He had blind spots right in the middle of his vision," said Dr Atan. "That means he can't drive and would find it really difficult to read, watch TV or discern faces.
"他的視力正中間有盲點，"Atan醫生說。"這意味著他不會開車，而且會發現閱讀、看電視或辨認人臉真的很困難。
"He can walk around on his own though because he has got peripheral vision."
"但他可以自己四處走動，因為他有周邊視覺。"
Nutritional optic neuropathy - the condition the young man has - is treatable if diagnosed early. Left too long, however, the nerve fibres in the optic nerve die and the damage becomes permanent.
營養視神經病變——這名年輕人的病症——如果及早診斷，是可以治療的。然而，如果放置太久，視神經中的神經纖維就會死亡，損傷就會變成永久性的。
Dr Atan said cases like this are thankfully uncommon, but that parents should be aware of the potential harm that can be caused by picky eating, and seek expert help.
Atan醫生說，幸運的是，這種情況並不常見，但家長們應該意識到挑食可能帶來的潛在危害，並尋求專家的幫助。
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· Five tips for your fussy eaters
卡路里計算應用"可能加劇飲食失調"
基因療法首先"阻止"最常見的致盲原因
給挑剔的食客的五條建議
For those who are concerned, she advised: "It's best not to be anxious about picky eating, and instead calmly introduce one or two new foods with every meal."
對於那些擔心的人，她建議:"最好不要對挑食感到焦慮，而是每頓飯都冷靜地介紹一兩種新食物。"
She said multivitamin tablets can supplement a diet, but are not a substitute for eating healthily.
她說，複合維生素片可以補充飲食，但不能代替健康飲食。
"It's much better to take on vitamins through a varied and balanced diet," she said, adding that too much of certain vitamins, including vitamin A, can be toxic, "so you don't want to overdo it".
"通過多樣化和均衡的飲食攝入維生素要好得多，"她說，並補充說，包括維生素a在內的某些維生素過量可能是有毒的，"所以你不想過量攝入"。
Dr Atan said vegans are also at increased risk of B12 deficiency-related sight problems if they do not replace what they can lack when excluding meat from their diet.
Atan醫生說，如果素食者不補充他們在飲食中所缺乏的東西，那麼他們患B12缺乏引起的視力問題的風險也會增加。
"Nutritional yeast is a way of adding B12 to your diet," she said.
她說:"營養酵母是在你的飲食中添加B12的一種方式。"
Sources of vitamin B12 for vegans include:
純素食者維生素B12的來源包括:
· breakfast cereals fortified with B12
· unsweetened soya drinks fortified with vitamin B12
· yeast extract, such as Marmite, which is fortified with vitamin B12
早餐麥片富含B12
添加維生素B12的無糖大豆飲料
酵母提取物，如酵母酵母膏，富含維生素B12
Rebecca McManamon, consultant dietitian and spokesperson for the British Dietetic Association, said restricted diets might happen for a range of reasons, including eating disorders, allergies and autism, and need specialist assessment.
英國飲食協會(British Dietetic Association)發言人、營養顧問麗貝卡•麥克馬納蒙(Rebecca McManamon)表示，限制飲食可能有一系列原因，包括飲食失調、過敏和自閉症，需要專家評估
"It's also worth noting that since 2016 the UK government has recommended daily Vitamin D supplementation (10 microgrammes/400 International Units) for everyone between October and March as we are not likely to get enough from fortified foods.
"值得注意的是，自2016年以來，英國政府建議在10月至3月期間每天補充維生素D(10微克/400國際單位)，因為我們不太可能從強化食品中獲得足夠的維生素D。
"Multivitamin supplementation is recommended for all children up to their fifth birthday."
"建議所有五歲以下的兒童補充多種維生素。"
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