《三體》英文版的翻譯水平怎麼樣?

最近剛好讀到了劉慈欣《三體》的英文版,對譯者的用詞和翻譯細節處理印象深刻,今天在這裡聊聊書的翻譯。


《三體》譯者是華裔科幻作家劉宇昆(Ken Liu),他在國內知名度可能不是很高,但在海外科幻圈非常有名。他是第一位獲得星雲獎和雨果獎兩項世界科幻小說大獎的華裔作家,出版過一系列科幻作品,包括《蒲公英王朝》(The Grace of Kings),《手中紙,心中愛》(The Paper Menagerie)以及《風暴之牆》(The Wall of Storms)等。他翻譯的《三體》在2015年獲得雨果獎最佳長篇小說獎(《三體》第二部則是由外國譯者Joel Martinsen翻譯)。他翻譯的郝景芳的小說《北京摺疊》也在2016年獲雨果獎最佳中短篇小說獎。可以說《三體》在國際上的成功離不開劉宇昆的貢獻。


《三體》英文版的翻譯水平怎麼樣?

《三體》英文版在海外反響很不錯,它在圖書社區Goodreads上收到了10多萬份評價,評分高達4.06分(滿分5分),美亞上還有讀者盛讚小說翻譯水平一流。


《三體》英文版的翻譯水平怎麼樣?

劉宇昆的譯文讀起來非常流暢、舒服,譯者對原文意思的把握很精確,對翻譯難點的處理也令人印象深刻。書中很多翻譯細節值得玩味,比如“智子”被譯為Sophon,這是一個由-soph-和proton(質子)組合成的詞:-soph-在古希臘語中意思是wise,不少單詞都含有這個詞根,比如philosopher/philosophy/sophisticated/sophomore;又比如“三體人”書中譯為Trisolaran,這個單詞由三個部分組成:tri-, solar, -an,tri-這個詞根表示“三”(例如triple/triangular),solar表示“太陽的”,-an則表示“與……有關的人”(比如librarian/Christian)。再比如三體世界的“元首”,劉宇昆譯為Princeps,這是一個拉丁詞,意思是"the most eminent or noble; the first man, first person",這一單詞也用來指羅馬帝國時代的首席元老。


《三體》英文版的用詞並不難,但非常地道,將英文跟原文對比後你更能發現譯者的功力深厚,這裡舉幾個例子:


(1)在他的眼中,午夜的城市重新恢復了可見光波段所描繪的現實圖景,但他的目光遊移,在捕捉另外一些東西:對面動物園大門旁的一排霓虹燈中有一根燈管壞了,不規則地閃爍著;近處的一棵小樹上的樹葉在夜風中搖動,反射著街燈的光,不規則地閃爍著;遠處北京展覽館俄式尖頂上的五角星也在反射著下面不同街道上車燈的光,不規則地閃爍著……


The city at night gradually recovered the reality of visible light. But his eyes roamed, trying to capture other sights. By the entrance of the zoo across the street, there was a row of neon lights. One of the lights was about to burn out and flickered irregularly. Nearby, a small tree’s leaves trembled in the night breeze, twinkling without pattern as they reflected streetlight. In the distance, the red star atop the Beijing Exhibition Center’s Russian-style spire reflected the light from the cars passing below, also twinkling randomly.…


形容人的目光遊移,譯者用了roam一詞,非常精確且生動。


《三體》英文版的翻譯水平怎麼樣?

“一排霓虹燈中有一根燈管壞了,不規則地閃爍著”如果直譯為:One of the lights didn't work, flickering irregularly. 理解起來會很奇怪。譯者處理為:One of the lights was about to burn out and flickered irregularly. 這裡burn out更加具體地說明了燈管壞的原因:是被燒壞的。同時燈管還在不規則閃爍,說明它還沒有完全壞掉,處於即將燒壞的狀態,因此譯者用了was about to burn out來說明這種狀態,意思傳達很準確。


此外,節選段落中出現了三次“不規則地閃爍著”,譯者每次譯法都不一樣:flickered irregularly / twinkling without pattern / twinkling randomly 這樣處理能夠增加用詞多樣性,使英文讀起來更加生動。



(2)“外星文明探索是一個很特殊的學科,它對研究者的人生觀影響很大。”葉文潔用種悠長的聲調說,像是在給孩子講故事,“夜深人靜的時候。從耳機中聽著來自宇宙沒有生命的噪聲,這噪聲隱隱約約的,好像比那些星星還永恆:有時又覺得那聲音像大興安嶺的冬天裡沒完沒了的寒風,讓我感到很冷啊,那種孤獨真是沒法形容。


"The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a unique discipline. It has a profound influence on the researcher's perspective on life." Ye spoke in a drawn-out voice, as though telling stories to a child. "In the dead of night, I could hear in my headphones the lifeless noise of the universe. The noise was faint but constant, more eternal than the stars. Sometimes I thought it sounded like the endless winter winds of the Greater Khingan Mountains. I felt so cold then, and the loneliness was indescribable."


in the dead of night是一個固定搭配,意思是"in the middle of the night, during the darkest and quietest time",用來形容“夜深人靜”非常準確。“噪聲隱隱約約的”譯者處理為:The noise was faint but constant. faint but constant 很好地寫出了噪聲那種微小但綿延不絕的狀態。



(3)一天葉文潔值夜班。這是最孤寂的時刻。在靜靜的午夜,宇宙向它的聆聽者展示著廣漠的荒涼。葉文潔最不願意看的,就是顯示器上緩緩移動的那條曲線,那是紅岸接收到的宇宙電波的波形。無意義的噪聲。葉文潔感到這條無限長的曲線就是宇宙的抽象,一頭連著無限的過去,另一頭連著無限的未來,中間只有無規律無生命的隨機起伏。一個個高低錯落的波峰就像一粒粒大小不等的沙子,整條曲線就像是所有沙粒捧成行形成的一堆沙漠,荒涼寂寥,長得更令人無法忍受。你可以沿著它向前向後走無限遠,但永遠找不到歸宿。


One night, Ye was working the night shift. This was the loneliest time. In the deep silence of midnight, the universe revealed itself to its listeners as a vast desolation. What Ye disliked most was seeing the waves that slowly crawled across the display, a visual record of the meaningless noise Red Coast picked up from space. Ye felt this interminable wave was an abstract view of the universe: one end connected to the endless past, the other to the endless future, and in the middle only the ups and downs of random chance—without life, without pattern, the peaks and valleys at different heights like uneven grains of sand, the whole curve like a one-dimensional desert made of all the grains of sand lined up in a row, lonely, desolate, so long that it was intolerable. You could follow it and go forward or backward as long as you liked, but you’d never find the end.


這一段翻譯的難度很高,但讀完英文感覺譯者翻起來毫不費力,一氣呵成,這需要深厚的語言功底。譯者使用crawl來指曲線在顯示器上緩慢移動的狀態,形象且準確。對於一些句子譯者在翻譯時也做了意思上的補充以使其更加符合英文表達習慣,比如“葉文潔感到這條無限長的曲線就是宇宙的抽象”,處理為:Ye felt this interminable wave was an abstract view of the universe. 如果直接譯成:Ye felt this interminable wave was an abstraction of the universe. 在英語語境中會比較晦澀。


書中類似這樣的例子還有很多,在閱讀過程中經常會有驚喜。對中譯英感興趣的同學不妨找一找《三體》的中英文版本對照閱讀,從中也可以學習不少翻譯以及英文寫作技巧。


《三體》英文版的翻譯水平怎麼樣?


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