1、When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
結構分析：句子主幹是When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is …instinct…, an instinct that should be…。以冒號為界，將全句分成兩個複合句。前面的複合句裡，when that happens是時間狀語從句。冒號後面的複合句裡有一個that從句，做instinct的定語。
譯文：這種反應本身沒有錯，這是人類道德觀念在進行推理時，本能在起作用，這種本能應得到鼓勵而不應遭到嘲弄。
2、The Aswan Dam, for example，stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
結構分析：句子主幹是The Aswan Dam, …stopped the Nile flooding…but…有插入語。for example是個插入結構，不是句子的主要成分。but後面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意so…that…結構，是“如此……以至於”的意思。
譯文：以阿斯旺大壩為例，它擋住了尼羅河的洪水，但也使埃及失去了洪水沖積的肥沃土壤，換回來的卻是一個病態的大水庫。現在水庫積滿泥沙，幾乎不能用於發電了。
3、The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.
結構分析：句子主幹是The trouble is that…is due to…, and so is not…the trouble is that…是表語從句結構。後一個that引導的是修飾rebound的定語從句。
譯文：問題在於，近期的增長在一定程度上，是由於商業運作週期漲落的結果。因此，還不能得出經濟已經呈現復甦態勢這一結論。
4、New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
結構分析：句子主幹是New ways of…workplace…are only one contribution to…, which is…, and…兩個破折號中間的成分為插入結構，可以視為括號裡面的內容。Such as後面的內容是對many other factors的列舉。在閱讀的時候基本可以跳過不看，除非後面有細節題考查這裡的內容。
譯文：組織工作場所的新方法包括機構重組和縮小規模,這些只是促進某個經濟實體的綜合生產率提高的一項措施，還有其他許多因素可以促進生產率的提高，比如對機械設備的聯合投資、採用新技術、對教育培訓投資等。
5、His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies hxdye applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.
結構分析：句子主幹是His colleague,…, says，that… 引導的是賓語從句, chopping out costs without giving sufficient…是現在分詞短語結構做狀語。without後面要跟動名詞giving。
譯文：他的同事邁克爾?比爾說，為數眾多的公司以簡單機械的方式進行結構重組，降低了成本，但卻未能充分考慮長期贏利。
6、 Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands--which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice.
結構分析：that之後是一個賓語從句；by之後的動名詞來做賓語從句的狀語；賓語從句中which又引導了一個非限制性定語從句。
譯文：利維.斯特勞斯公司使法庭相信特易購把利維牛仔服與皂粉，香蕉等放在一起廉價銷售這一做法使其形象受損，品牌價值也因此受到了影響，這勢必會使產品缺乏新意，最終減少消費者的選擇。
7、Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco.
結構分析：這是一個比較長的簡單句。“more than twice as likely as their white counterparts”是一種表示倍數的表達方式；“to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults”不定式短語來修飾white counterparts; “according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute”做狀語；“a research center in San Francisco”是“the Justice Policy Institute”的同位語。
譯文：舊金山的一個研究中心--刑法政策研究所,上週發表的研究結果表明，在加利福尼亞，因為犯重罪被少年法庭轉出,而以成人的身份被審判逮捕的非白人少年，比白人少年的兩倍還要多。
8、Gaither's death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations' and state legislators' pushing a bill that would extend Alabama's three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well.
結構分析：在for引導的介詞短語中，that引導定語從句來修飾bill; related to sexual orientation as well來修飾crimes.
譯文：Gaither的死成為了一種推動力，促使那些維護同性戀權利的組織以及州立法委員去推行一項議案，使阿拉巴馬已通過三年的仇視罪條文，除了涉及有關種族、膚色、宗教信仰、出身之外，也應該包括有關性傾向方面的罪行。
9、Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in court, might do well to look at one state where anti-gang lingering prosecutions hxdye withstood constitutional challenges: California.
結構分析：“along with the League of Cities and 31 states”在句子中做伴隨狀語，其中that又引導定語從句進行修飾；主句中where又引導從句來修飾state。
譯文：在加利福尼亞州，有關反幫派閒蕩的起訴已經接受了來自憲法的挑戰。芝加哥官員以及在法庭上支持他們的城市聯盟和31個州政府，最好還是考慮這個州的做法為好。
10、Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.
結構分析：Even before the tragedy是本句的時間狀語；主句是Pfingst had stood behind…;that 引導的賓語從句修飾law;在從句中，as…as是一詞組，意思是“和…一樣”；出現的第三個as是介詞，和treat搭配，意思是“作為”。
譯文：在這場悲劇發生之前，Pfingst就已經開始支持加利福尼亞州的一項有爭議的法規。該法規規定，以成人身份受審的謀殺嫌疑犯的年齡，最小可以為十四歲。
11、The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was operations.
結構分析：本句中pointing to 這個做伴隨狀語的分詞短語又包含了一個介詞without引出的方式狀語和由if引導的條件狀語從句，使得句子的結構變得較為複雜。
譯文：醫生認為這些法規實際上是在破壞隱私權，因為其中一條法規規定，管理式醫療保健計劃（managed-care plan）在“開展醫療保健工作”時,可以不經許可使用個人信息。
12、The 1993 Family and Medical Lexdye Act was supposed to help families like Garro’s, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives.
結構分析：本句的主幹是The Act was supposed to help…。be supposed to do something 表示“應該做某事”，通常強調“義務，責任”等。Offering 至句子結尾是一個現在分詞做狀語，其中含有一個定語從句，定語從句中含有三個並列的動詞短語做謂語，即want to…tend to…or care for…。safety net 原義是防止墜落受傷的“安全網”，在此引申為“安全保障”。
譯文：1993年頒佈的《家庭醫療休假法》本來應該幫助像加羅這樣的家庭，為那些請假照顧新生兒、治療重病或者照顧患病親人的員工，提供一個安全保障。
13、A vague entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money, the committee and its chief fund-raiser, Texas oilman (and now Commerce secretary) Don Evans, swiftly collected $8.3 million--more than twice the $3.9 million Al Gore's recount committee raised to pay its lawyers.
結構分析：本句是個包含同位語和附近說明的長句。a nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money 是委員會的同位語，起到補充說明的作用，而破折號之後的成分也是對句子的補充說明。
譯文：法律不要求這個性質模糊的機構透露其使用資金的情況。該委員會和它的主要籌資人，得克薩斯州石油商人（現商務部長）唐.伊萬斯很快就籌集了830萬美元來支付律師費用，這筆錢是艾爾.戈爾重新計票委員會所籌集的390萬美元資金的兩倍還多。
14、And there the story might hxdye ended but for the tireless efforts of Johan Reinhard, an independent archaeologist funded by the National Geographic Society.
結構分析：句子主幹the story might hxdye ended there but for …本句中包含有虛擬語氣，由but for 引導一個虛擬條件，表示“要不是…”；“might hxdye done”表示本來可能會發生某事，對於這一類由介詞或者介詞詞組引起的虛擬條件，學習者應該特別留心，否則就容易產生理解錯誤。可以引導虛擬條件的詞還有without，otherwise等。
譯文：要不是約翰萊茵.哈德的不懈努力，故事本來也許到此就結束了。萊茵哈德是一位由國家地理協會資助的獨立考古學家。
15、What is frightening is that these discoveries make it clear how little astronomers know about planets, and they add to the dawning realization that our solar system--and by implication Planet Earth--may be a cosmic oddball.
結構分析：句子主幹本句what is frightening is that …是個複雜句，包含主語從句（what frightening），表語從句（is 後面的部分），賓語從句（how little引導的部分），同位語從句（realization後面that引導的部分），插入語等，另外一些成語詞組的出現也增加了句子的難度，比如dawning realization（漸漸認識到），by implication（含蓄地, 用寓意）等。
譯文：真正令人震驚的是，這些發現說明天文學家對於行星的瞭解十分有限，並且讓人們清醒地認識到我們的太陽——不言而喻，還有地球這顆行星——也許是宇宙中的異數。
