《高中英語必修第三冊》
Module 1
PARIS
巴黎
Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris.
巴黎是法國的首都，也是法國最大的城市，坐落在塞納河畔。巴黎是世界上最漂亮的城市之一，每年有超過八百萬的遊客來這裡旅遊。最受遊客歡迎的旅遊景點是埃菲爾鐵塔，它是巴黎著名的象徵。世界上最大的美術館之一--盧浮宮，也在巴黎。這個城市也以餐館、咖啡館和劇院而聞名。這裡生活了法國大約三分之二的藝術家和作家。
BARCELONA
巴薩羅那
Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn't been finished yet!
巴塞羅那是西班牙的第二大城市，它位於西班牙東北海岸，大概離西班牙首都馬德里東邊五百千米的地方。巴塞羅那最著名的標誌性建築之一是由建築師安東尼奧.高迪建造的聖家大教堂。高迪從1882年起從事這項工程,直至1926年逝世，這座教堂到現在仍沒有竣工。
FLORENCE
佛羅倫薩
Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to seethe art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.
佛羅倫薩是意大利的一座城市，這座城市因文藝復興而變得著名。文藝復興是一次大型的文藝運動，開始於13世紀，持續了三百年。在文藝復興時期，歷史上一些最偉大的畫家在佛羅倫薩生活和工作。佛羅倫薩很多非常漂亮的油畫和雕塑都是由偉大的藝術家如萊昂納多、達.芬奇和米開朗琪羅創作。每年大約有一百萬遊客來佛羅倫薩參觀美術館、教堂和博物館，烏菲齊美術館是這座城市最著名的美術館。
ATHENS
雅典
Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.
雅典是希臘的首都，作為西方文明的發祥地而聞名於世。2,400年前，它是世界上最強大的城市。一些諸如雅典衛城山上的帕臺農神廟那樣的建築都是在這段時期建造的。希臘最為著名的作家就居住在古雅典。他們的作品影響了後世作家。
Module 2
In the year 2000,147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.
在2000年，來自世界各國的147位領導人一致同意共同努力，到 2015年或在更早的時間減少貧困。由此產生了人類發展報告。
One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The Index measures a country's achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live),education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are: Iceland (2), Sweden(3), Australia (4), the Netherlands(5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.
這份報告一個最重要的部分是人類發展指標。它評價了175個國家的發展成就。這項指標從三個方面衡量一個國家的成就：壽命、教育和收入。這項指標顯示了一些令人感到意外的情況。挪威高居榜首，而美國則排在第七。位於前五位的其他國家是：冰島(2)、瑞典(3)，澳大利亞(4)和荷蘭(5)。英國位居第十三位，而中國處於中等地位。處於末端的十個國家均是非洲國家，塞拉利昂（西非）排在最後。
The report describes eight Development Goals. The most important goals are to:
-reduce poverty and hunger;
-make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;
-fight AIDS and other diseases;
-improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water;
-encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.
報告描述了八個發展目標。其中最重要的是：
-減少貧窮和飢餓：
-確保所有兒童11歲之前都能接受教育，
-與艾滋病和其他疾病抗爭；
-改善貧困人群的環境，例如：確保他們有安全飲用水；
-鼓勵發達國家給予其他國家更多的幫助。
The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953-1962),China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.
2003年人類發展報告列舉了一些成功發展的例子。譬如：在九年(1953-1962)的時間裡，中國的人均壽命增加了13歲。過去的十年之內，中國有1.5億人脫貧。然而，挑戰仍很嚴峻，在發展中國家，每天有7.99億人在捱餓。其中一半以上的人來自南亞或非洲。雖然發展中國家80%以上的兒童能上小學，但仍有1.15億的孩子得不到教育。發展中國家裡十多億的人喝不上安全的飲用水。當然在世界的其他地方，例如東歐，現在的飲用水大多是安全的。
The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.
報告顯示：我們正在進步，但是我們必須做出更大的努力。雖然發達國家提供了一些經濟援助，但是提供援助的數量應該大大增加。有趣的是，捐錢最多的國家是荷蘭、挪威和瑞典。它們都屬於世界上五個最富的國家，所以他們這樣做是合情合理的。
Module 3
What Is a Tornado?
什麼是龍捲風？
A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.
龍捲風是指一個從空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋轉氣柱。最厲害的一次風速達到每小時400 公里。幾乎所有的龍捲風都發生在美國，從東南部的得克薩斯州直到北部的南達科他州。
Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street--or even in the next town. They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
龍捲風能捲起汽車、火車，甚至房子，把它們捲到旁邊的街道—甚至能捲到鄰近的城鎮。龍捲風可以捲走貓背上的皮毛、雞身上的羽毛。它們能毀掉房子，卻把房內的傢俱留在原處。
On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all time occurred in1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.
平均來說，美國每年發生800次龍捲風，造成大約80人死亡、l,500人受傷。最惡劣的一場龍捲風發生在1925 年，波及到了美國的三個州：密蘇里州、伊利諾伊州和印第安納州。等到風停時，已有700多人死亡，2,700多人受傷。
What Is a Hurricane?
什麼是颶風？
Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.
颶風是強勁的熱帶風暴，通常發生在南大西洋、加勒比海和墨西哥海灣。颶風發生時，風暴速度達到每小時120公里或者更快，引發巨浪、暴雨和洪災。每年平均有六次大西洋颶風，通常會影響到從得克薩斯州到緬因州的美國東部海岸。
The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometers per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.
最惡劣的一次颶風是1900 年 9月8日發生在得克薩斯州加爾維斯頓。時速高達200 公里的狂風和五米高的巨浪襲擊了加爾維斯頓城。37,000人口中有6,000人遇難，3,600幢大樓被摧毀。
An Extraordinary Event
一個離奇的事件
This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.
這是關於1900 年加爾維斯頓颶風的故事。
Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.
查爾斯·科格倫是19世紀一位定居加拿大的愛爾蘭演員。後來他移居紐約，並在那裡獲得了成功。19世紀90 年代後期，他遷居加爾維斯頓，直到 1899 年在那裡去世，也就是颶風襲擊的前一年。掩埋科格倫的公墓被颶風所摧毀，他的棺材最後被捲入了大海。
Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. Coghlan travelled back to Canada--after he had been buried in Texas!
八年後，漁民們在位於加拿大東部愛德華王子島他家附近發現了他的棺材。墨西哥灣流沿著美國東海岸把它（棺材）一直帶到愛德華王子島，行程3,000公里。埋葬於得克薩斯州的查爾斯·科格倫又回到了加拿大。
Module 4
Sandstorms in Asia
亞洲的沙塵暴
Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.
幾百年以來，沙塵暴一直是許多亞洲國家面臨的主要災難。科學家嘗試過多種方法解決這個問題，在中國，也發動了群眾運動來對付沙塵暴。
Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. “To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in. You just had to hope you'd survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.”
沙塵暴是夾帶沙塵的強烈而乾燥的風。沙塵暴夾帶的沙塵含量常常很大，以致於可以遮天蔽日。風力強大時可以搬動沙丘。世界上沙塵暴發生的四個主要地區是中亞、北美、中非和澳大利亞。來自內蒙的任建波是這樣來描述他小時候遭遇的一次沙塵暴的：“遇上沙塵暴是一種可怕的經歷，”他說，“你一點辦法也沒有。那是我遭遇過的最可怕、最危險的境況。你只能祈求會活下來。那時候我覺得我會消失在沙塵下。”
Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
中國的西北地區是中亞沙塵暴中心的一部分。沙塵暴發端於沙漠地區。因“荒漢化”越發嚴重，中國近年來發生沙塵暴的次數明顯增加了。這是由於氣候變化和人們伐樹挖草，使土地變成荒漠後產生的一種作用。
Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
沙塵暴有時候會影響北京。居民醒來時，看到昏黃的天空，狂風夾著黃沙在城裡肆虐。暴風有時持續一整天，車輛開得很慢，因為濃濃的塵埃降低了能見度。
The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask.”
中國中央氣象站能在沙塵暴到達北京前幾周預報沙塵暴，但沙塵暴的力量有時很驚人。沙塵暴到來時，氣象專家建議人們不要外出。家住北京的黃小梅說：“在沙塵暴中騎車真可怕。風力很強，呼吸困難，沙塵使人難受。所以要出門，最好帶上口罩。”
The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.
沙漠離北京西境只有250公里。為阻止沙漠的逼近，政府已經開始植樹。政府已經種了300億棵樹，並準備在未來的五年裡繼續種植。
Module 5
Philosophersof Ancient China
中國古代的哲學家
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius (551BC-479BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
古代中國各諸侯國之間經常發生戰爭，但那也是一個產生了許多哲學家的時期。孔子（公元前551-公元前479）是影響最大的哲學家。他強調了仁愛、責任和社會秩序的重要性。中國社會受這些思想的影響達2,000多年。
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
孟子是一位思想家，他的理論和孟子的理論很相似。孟子生於公元前 372 年。父親在他年幼時去世，母親把他撫養成人。他學習了孔子的學說，後來在一個諸侯國的政府內居要職。但是，當他看到統治者不採納他的意見時，就辭去了官職。許多年來，他周遊列國，傳授孔子的思想，後來成為另一位統治者的謀士。他晚年寫了一本介紹他思想的書，名為《孟子》。孟子認為，人之所以不同於動物，是因為人性本善。他告誡人們，假若政府仁慈，人民就會有善行。他認為人民比政府更重要，憎恨對人民殘暴的政權。
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.
墨子是又一位極具影響力的先哲。他生於公元前 476 年，出身貧寒。他因不修邊幅、行為怪異而聞名。墨子創立了墨家學說。他的學說在某些方面和孔子學說很相似。例如：他認為政府很重要。因此，他花了許多年的時間，尋找一個人們願意遵從他思想的國家。墨子認為，人生來平等。他的仁愛思想與孔子不同。墨子告誡人們要博愛，要幫助弱者。他憎恨戰爭。墨子死於公元前390年。
Module 6
The Three Gorges Dam
三峽大壩
Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”. Now his dream has come true. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the world's third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.
毛澤東寫過一首詞，在詞中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截斷巫山雲雨，高峽出平湖”的壯麗景觀。如今，他的理想變成了現實。三峽大壩制服了世界第三大河流—長江的激流。
The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China. The dam is nearly 200 metres high and 1.5 kilometres wide. It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.
修建三峽大壩是自修築長城和開鑿大運河以來中國最大的建築工程，它控制了長江的洪災併為我國中部地區提供電力。大壩高度接近200米，寬l,500米。它是世界上最大的水力發電站和大壩，造價超過歷史上的任何一項工程。
Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the ides of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919. Three quarters of China's energy is produced by burning coal. In 1993, China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity. Unfortunately, burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
早在1919 年，領導了辛亥革命的孫逸仙（中山）先生就首次提出了要在長江修築大壩的設想。中國四分之三的能量是通過燃煤獲得的。1993年，中國燃掉了12億噸煤用於供熱和發電。不幸的是，燃煤造成了嚴重的大氣汙染，加劇了全球變暖。大壩將要生產相當於燃燒4，000萬噸所產生的電量，但卻不會造成那麼嚴重的空氣汙染。
The reservoir has flooded 2 cities, 11 counties, 140 towns and more than 4,000 villages. More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes. Now they're living a happy new life in different areas.
水庫淹沒了兩個城市、11個縣、140個鎮和4,000多座村莊。生活在這些地區的100多萬人已經搬遷了。現在，他們在不同的地區開始了新的幸福生活。
The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some of China's most famous historical sites, including the Qu Yuan Temple, the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carvings. About 800 historical relics have been submerged. Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.
三峽是中國風光最美麗的地區之一。由於大壩工程，一些著名的歷史遺蹟被水淹沒，包括屈原祠、漢望塔和摩崖石刻。大約800多處歷史遺蹟已被淹沒。其中有一部分被轉移，還有一部分被博物館收藏。
Module 7
I decided to spend a year between school and university travelling round the world.I worked hard and saved quite a lot of money for the trip. I started my trip in France and after visiting the capital Paris, I travelled down to the south of France, which is known for its lovely beaches. Then I spent a month walking in the mountains in northern Italy. I then travelled to Rome, the capital of Italy, and spent a week visiting the city's wonderful art galleries, churches and museums. From there I flew to Athens, Greece, and took a boat to a small Greek island. I had planned to meet a friend of mine there and we took an apartment on a beach and had a wonderful time swimming and sunbathing.
我決定中學畢業後，在上大學之前，花一年的時間周遊世界。我非常努力地工作，為這次旅行攢了一大筆錢。我的旅行從法國開始，遊覽了首都巴黎之後，我就沿法國南下，去了一個以美麗可愛的海灘而聞名於世的地方。然後我花了一個月行走於意大利北部的山脈之間。之後我去了意大利的首都羅馬，在那裡花了一個星期參觀這個城市精彩絕倫的美術館、教堂和博物館。然後從那裡飛往希臘的雅典，並坐小船去了希臘的一個小島。我早就計劃去那裡會見一個朋友，我們相約在海灘上，在那裡游泳、洗日光浴，度過了非常快樂的時光。
Next, I flew to India, and travelled round it for about three months. Although the cities were crowded, the countryside was beautiful. I stayed in a small fishing village on the west coast and it was the happiest time of my life. I then flew to northeast India, where there had been a terrible flood three months ago.The water had gone but the damage to crops and homes was terrible.
接下來我飛往印度，花了大約三個月在那裡周遊。 雖然那裡的城市很擁擠，但是鄉下很漂亮。我待在西部海岸的一個小漁村，那是我生命中最快樂的時光。接著我飛往印度東北部，三個月前那裡發生了一場嚴重的洪災。雖然洪水退了，但是莊稼和家園所受的損害極其嚴重。
I then flew to China, a country I had always wanted to visit. I saw Beijing, of course, and the Great Wall, and also took a trip to see some villages on the Yangtze River which would soon be under water because of the Three Gorges Dam. While I was in China, I read a lot about ancient Chinese history and became particularly interested in the ideas of the great philosopher Confucius.
然後我飛往了中國，這是我做夢都想去的國家。當然，我遊了北京，看到了萬里長城，還去了長江沿岸的一些村莊，這些村莊很快就要因為建三峽大壩而被淹沒了。在中國的那段時間，我閱讀了很多關於中國古代歷史的書籍，並對偉大的哲學家孔子的思想特別感興趣。
Then I flew to Japan where I spent two interesting weeks. I was astonished to see that some people in the big cities wear masks to protect their lungs from pollution.I hope that never happens in my city! Then, at last, I flew all the way home again. It had been a great experience, but, yes, it was good to be home!
接著我飛往日本，在那裡我度過了有趣的兩週。我驚訝地發現大城市裡有些人因為環境汙染，戴著面具以保護他們的肺。我希望我所在的城市永遠都不會發生那樣的事情。最後，我乘飛機按照原路返回。這是一次非常不錯的經歷，但是，當然了，還是在家裡好！
《高中英語必修第四冊》
Module 1
The City of the Future
未來的城市
What will the city of the future look like? No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain – they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.
未來的城市將會是什麼樣子呢？沒有人確切地瞭解，預測也是一件很冒險的事。但有一件事是可以肯定的—它們將會先變大，然後再變小。在未來，愛護環境將會很重要，因為地球的資源將瀕臨枯竭。我們將會使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、鋁、鋼鐵、玻璃、木頭和紙。我們浪費自然資源的程度將會有所減弱。我們也將不得不更多地依賴其他能源。例如，太陽能和風能。所有這些似乎是肯定的，但是還有許多關於城市生活的事情仍是未知的。
To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had:
為了獲知年輕人對未來城市生活的想法，美國得克薩斯州的一位大學老師讓他的學生們思考如何管理一個在2025 年擁有5萬人口的城市，下面是他們的一些構想：
Garbage ships
To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.
垃圾船
為了擺脫垃圾問題的困擾，城市將會用巨型宇宙飛船裝載廢棄材料，朝太陽發射，這樣做防止了垃圾填埋和環境問題。
Batman Nets
Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.
勤務兵網
警察逮捕罪犯時，將會向罪犯射出網狀物而不是用槍。
Forget smoking
No smoking will be allowed within a future city’s limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.
戒菸
在未來城市範圍內將禁止吸菸。只有在郊區和戶外才允許吸菸。
Forget the malls
In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.
告別商廈
將來所有的購物將會在網上進行，商品目錄將會有語音指令來排序。
Telephones for life
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.
電話人生
每個人一出生就會給予一個電話號碼，將來無論他們居住在哪兒，這個電話號碼部不會更改。
Recreation
All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city.
娛樂
所有的娛樂形式，例如，電影院、保齡球、壘球、音樂會和其他等等都將由該市政府免費提供。
Cars
All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.
汽車
所有的汽車都將由電能、太陽能或風能提供動力，並且只要輕輕按一下開關就能夠改汽車的顏色。
Telesurgery
Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.
遠程手術
隨著每個城市擁有自己的遠程手術門診部，醫生將能在數千裡以外實施手術，遠程手術將會變得十分普通。
Holidays at home
Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head.
居家度假
年長的市民和殘疾人通過使用綁在頭上的高新技術相機可以周遊世界。
Space travel
Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport.
太空遨遊
普通市民遨遊太空將會變得很平常，每個城市都將有自己的太空港。
Module 2
Getting Around in Beijing
行在北京
Taxis
Taxis are on the streets 24 hours a day. Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. They are usually red, and they display the price per kilometer on the window. You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.
出租車
北京大街上的出租車是24小時服務的。只要你招招手，立刻就會有出租車。它們通常都是紅色車身，並且在車窗上顯示每公里的路價。你要確認司機有營運執照，並且索要發票。
Buses and trolleybuses
Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing. There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded. It’s a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour (6:30 am – 8:00 am and 5:00 pm – 6:30 pm). Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan. Air-conditioned buses cost more.
公交車和電車
公共交通為人們遊覽北京提供了低價位的出行方式。北京大約有兩萬多輛公交車和電車，但是，它們有時會很擁擠。最明智的做法是避免在高峰期(上午6:30-8:00，下午 5:00-6:30)乘坐公交車和電車。這些車車票價格便宜，一元起價。空調車則要貴一些。
Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre. Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs. Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes, past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park. If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs. You’ll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.
公交線1 到 100路都是僅限於市中心，車號更高一些的線路，可以通達郊區。對於遊人來說，最不該錯過的是103路電車，它途經紫禁城和北海白塔，沿途風景令人印象深刻。如果你乘坐雙層公共汽車，請務必坐在上層，這樣你會一覽這個飛速發展城市的亮麗風景。
Most buses run from about 5:00 am to midnight. However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s.
大多數公交車的運營時間是從早晨 5點一直到午夜。而那些線路號介於200至300之間的公交車，也夜間運行。
Minibuses
Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas. They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses. And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours.
小公共汽車
一些地區，這種12個座位的小型公共汽車給人們在昂貴的出租車和擁擠的公共汽車外，提供了第三種選擇。它們跟大公共汽車走同樣的路線，提供有規律的服務。在小公共汽車上，即使在高峰期也能找到空位。
Underground
There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction. Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible. A one-way trip costs 3 yuan. Station names are marked in pinyin. The underground is open from 5:00 am to 11:00 pm.
地鐵
北京有四條地鐵線，還有幾條線也正在建設之中。地鐵方便快捷，但在高峰期，情況會很糟糕。地鐵票價單程為三元，站名用拼音標註，運營時間為上午 5點到晚上11點。
Pedicabs
Tourists like these human-pedalled “tricycle taxis”, but they can be expensive. You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, for example, if it is per person, single or return. Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.
三輪腳踏車
遊客們喜歡這些人力驅動的“三輪腳踏車”，但價格可能會較貴。因此坐之前要先弄清楚價格，明確價錢是否按人數計算、是單程還是往返雙程的問題。如果想去老北京的衚衕探秘，三輪腳踏車絕對是值得一坐的。
Module 3
Body Language and Non-verbal Communication
交流
If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences. Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words. Indeed, body positions are part of what we call “body language”. We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “learned” body language, which varies from culture to culture.
說起“交流”，大多數人會想到單詞或句子，雖然單詞與句子十分重要，但我們並不只是用口語和書面語進行交流，身體姿態是我們所稱的“身勢語”的一部分。我們經常看到無意識的身勢語，但也有“習得”的身勢語，但習得的身勢語在不同的文化中各不相同。
We use “learned” body language when we are introduced to strangers. Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax. So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands. They do this with the right hand – the strongest hand for most people. If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon. So the gesture is saying, “I trust you look, I’m not carrying a threatening weapon.” If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them: we shake hands when we make a deal. It means,” We agree and we trust each other.”
當我們被介紹給生人時，我們使用“習得的”身勢語。跟其他動物一樣，我們會保持警覺，直至知道安全的時候才放鬆。因此，在所有的文化中人們都有一種向陌生人打招呼的正規的方式，以表示他們並不具有侵犯傾向。歐美人的傳統是握手，他們用右手握手—右手對多數人來說更有力一些。假如右手用於忙著與人打招呼就不可能握武器。因此，這種手勢的意思是“我信任你，瞧，我沒帶威脅性的武器”，假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他們。我們在做交易時與人握手，意思就是“我們達成了協議，相互信任”。
Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bows lightly. Muslims give a “salaam”, where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead. Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect. In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.
亞洲人打招呼是不接觸他人身體的，但他們要用手。與人打招呼時，中國人的傳統方式是右手放在左手上，拱手，稍稍躬身而行禮。穆斯林行額手鞠躬禮，用手觸左胸、嘴和額。印度人雙手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。在上述例子中，手都在忙於打招呼，不可能拿武器。
Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust. American youths often greet each other with the expression, “Give me five!” One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread. The other person raises his hand and slaps the other’s open hand above the head in a “high five”. Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting.
即使是現在，人們在非正式場合打招呼時，還會用手來表示信任對方。美國青年常常說著“擊掌”來打招呼。說完後這個人舉起手，手掌向外，五指展開。另一個人同樣舉起手，拍打對方舉過頭頂的手。這是現代常見的打招呼方式。
Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. People give away much more by their gestures than by their words. Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!
身勢語對於任何研究者來說都具有吸引力。人們通過姿勢表達的意思要比通過話語表達得更多。看看你的朋友和家人，你能洞悉他們的心思嗎？
Module 4
The Student Who Asked Questions
問問題的學生
In a hungry world, rice is a staple food and China is the world’s largest producer. Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries, and in some European countries like Italy. In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在當前的世界，水稻是主要食糧。中國是世界上最大的水稻產地。亞洲其他國家和一些歐洲國家，如意大利等，都種植水稻。在水稻種植界，中國科學家袁隆平是一位重要人土。
Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, “the student who asked questions”.
袁隆平生長在中國。小時候，他在許多學校讀過書，得了個“問問題的學生”的綽號。
From an early age he was interested in plants. He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly. He thought there was only one way to do this – by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
袁隆平從小就對植物感興趣。他在大學裡研究農學。作為一個年輕的教師，他開始了作物育種的實驗。他想，養活世人的關鍵是更多更快地生產水稻。他認為，唯一的辦法是使不同種類的水稻雜交，這樣就能產生比原先任何一種水稻產量都要高的新品種。
First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice. The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966. Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male. It had to be sterile. Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered. This was the breakthrough. Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. The research was supported by the government.
首先，袁隆平對不同種類的水稻進行實驗。1966 年，他的研究成果在中國發表。接著，他開始尋找一種特殊的稻種。這種稻種必須是雄性的，必須是不結果的（注：屬於生物學所稱的“雄性不育系”）。最後於1970 年，一種天然的雄性不育稻種被發現，這是一個突破性的發現。全國各地的研究者們被召集在一起開發新的水稻種。研究得到了政府的贊助。
As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990’s. There were other advantages too. 50 thousand square kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Following this, Yuan Longping’s rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.
由於袁隆平的發現，中國的水稻產量在20世紀90年代增長47.5%。也帶來其他益處，5萬平方公里原來的稻田現在被用來種植蔬菜和其他經濟作物。除此以外，袁隆平研製的水稻還出口到巴基斯坦和菲律賓等國家。
In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country. The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
在巴基斯坦，水稻是繼小麥之後的第二種最重要的作物並將在許多地方種植。中國袁隆平高科技農業公司已開發出一種新的雜交水稻。這種雜交水稻的產量遠高於巴基斯坦其他種類的水稻。
Module 5
A Trip Along the Three Gorges
三峽之旅
In August 1996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Fuling on the Yangtze River. He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. They were the only foreigners in the town. The first semester finished at the end of January and they had four weeks off for the Spring Festival. They could go anywhere they wished. They decided to take a boat downstream.
1996 年 8月。一位年輕的美國英語教師彼得.赫斯勒，來到長江之濱的涪陵。他和另一位同事將在那裡的一所教師進修學院任教兩年。整個城裡只有他們兩名外國人。元月底，第一學期結束了，他們有四周的春節假期，可以隨處旅遊。他們決定順流而下。
We decided to buy tickets for the Jiangyou boat. Our colleagues said, “You shouldn’t go on those ships. They are very crowded. They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river. They don’t stop at the temples and there won’t be any other foreigners.” That sounded fine to me. We just had to show our passports and they let us get on the boat.
我們打算買到“江油號”的船票。同事們說：“你們不要坐那種船。它們太擁擠，主要是用來運貨的。乘客多是沿江做生意的人。那些船不停靠廟宇，也不會有別的外國遊人乘坐。”我覺得聽起來還不錯。我們出示護照後便上了船。
We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon. The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region. Men rode bamboo rafts along the river’s edge and coal boats went past. As the sun set we docked at Fengdu. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful.
在一個美麗的午後，我們離開碼頭。當我們順流而下穿過山區的時候，陽光很燦爛。男人們乘坐著江邊的竹筏，運煤的小船來來往往。太陽落山時，我們的船在豐都靠岸。我們目睹太陽在白塔後西沉，美麗極了。
We slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge. The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the tow-mile-high mountains. “Oh, well,” my friend said, “at least we have two more left.”
穿過長江第一峽—瞿塘峽時，我們正在睡夢中。江水在兩英里高的峰巒間奔流，峽谷狹窄處只有350英尺。我朋友說：“至少我們能看見另外兩個峽谷。
At Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges. The next day we went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely morning as we went through the Wu Gorge. We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet. There was so much history long the Yangtze River. Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past.
船到巫山時，我們繞道溯游大寧河，觀賞了幾處小峽谷。第二天，我們經過了長江的大峽谷。在一個美麗的上午輪船駛過巫峽。我們還經過了湘江，那是公元前三世紀一位詩人—屈原的家鄉。長江有太多的歷史。塊塊巨石形象各異，條條支流都流淌著傳說，座座小山承載著過往。
As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam. All the passengers came on deck. We took pictures and pointed at the site, but we weren’t allowed to get off the boat. The Chinese flag was blowing in the wind. On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters. “Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River,” it said.
穿過長江第三峽—西陵峽後，輪船駛入大壩建設處的江面。所有的乘客都上了甲板，大家拍照片，對著工地指指點點，但不可以下船。五星紅旗在風中飄揚著。遠山上寫著20英尺大的漢字“建造三峽大壩，開發長江資源”。
Module 6
The Monster of Lake Tianchi
天池裡的怪物
The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. “It jumped out of the water like a weal – about 200 people on Changbai’s western peak saw it,” he said. Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse.
在最近幾次露面後，中國東北吉林省長白山的“天池怪物”又成了新聞。據當地的旅遊辦公室主任孟凡迎介紹，最近有人看見怪物就在離湖邊十米的地方，怪物的顏色似乎是黑色的。他說：“大約有兩百多人從長白山的西峰看見過怪物，它像海豹一樣躍出水面。”儘管誰也沒有看肯楚這神秘怪物的真面目，但當地一位攝影師薛俊林聲稱：怪物的頭看起來像馬頭。
In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water. The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake, watched the creature swimming for about two minutes. “It was greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetre horns”, one of the soldiers said.
最近另有一次，一群戰士證實：他們看見湖的水面上有東西在遊動。正在湖邊行走的戰士看見怪物遊弋了大約兩分鐘。其中一名戰士說：“怪物的顏色淺綠帶黑，圓形的頭上有十釐米左右的角。”
A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family. He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.
又一次報導來自李小和，當時他和家人正在湖邊遊玩。他說他看見圓形黑色的東西在湖面快速遊過三四百米後潛入水中。十分鐘後，怪物再次出現，並重復了相同的動作。李小和先生說他和家人看清楚了怪物，因為當時天氣好，湖水平靜。
There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up. Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away. Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however, are skeptical. They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.
自上世紀初以來，一直就有關於天池怪物的報導，儘管還不曾有人近距離目睹過。雖然拍有怪物的一些照片，但由於距離太遠，看起來模糊不清。許多人認為，天池裡的怪物或許是蘇格蘭尼斯湖中怪物的遠親。他們還認為，在世界其他地方的湖泊中可能也有類似的怪物。然而，科學家們表示懷疑。他們說，溫度低的湖中不可能存活如此大的生物。
Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world. It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometers. In places it is more than 370 metres deep.
天池是世界上最高的火山湖，海拔2,189 米，面積10 平方公里，有的地方水深達370米。
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