12月16日，教育部舉辦新聞發佈會，發佈《關於加強和改進新時代師德師風建設的意見》（下稱《意見》）。其中提及要嚴格違規懲處，治理師德突出問題。針對高校教師性騷擾學生、學術不端以及中小學教師違規有償補課、收受學生和家長禮品禮金等開展集中治理。健全教師入職查詢制度和有關違法犯罪人員從教限制制度，對於有嚴重違規行為的教師，終身禁止從教。
China has issued a guideline to strengthen the professional ethics of teachers, according to the Ministry of Education (MOE) on Monday.
Ministry of Education (MOE) 教育部
With 15 measures in five aspects, the guideline puts professional ethics as the most important criterion in evaluating teachers, in an effort to raise teachers' ethics and virtues, and encourage public respect for educators and public support for education, said Ren Youqun, an official with the MOE, at a press conference.
教育部教師工作司司長任友群在發佈會指出，《意見》包含15項具體任務和5個方面，強調評價教師隊伍素質的第一標準是師德師風，加強師德師風建設，讓教育工作者得到全社會的普遍支持、讓教育事業得到全社會的普遍尊重。
teachers' ethics and virtues 師德師風
The guideline also pointed out that holistic approach and special programs will be carried out to prevent violations of the professional ethics of teachers, said Ren.
Violators of professional ethics will face severe punishments and those who commit serious violations will be banned from teaching for life, Ren said.be banned for life from teaching 終身禁教
Ren added that the guideline names the professional ethics as the primary criterion regarding qualification authentication, recruitment and professional rankings of teachers.qualification authentication 資格認證
The document also for the first time puts forward requirements on public respect for educators and public support for education, and proposes measures to raise the social status and guarantee the rights and interests of educators, Ren said.
The guideline was jointly issued by seven administrative departments, including the MOE, the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.the Ministry of Finance 財政部
Academic staff at universities and colleges could be punished or even lose their jobs over misconduct including sexual harassment under new professional ethics regulations.sexual harassment 性騷擾
It says schools should focus on strengthening the professional ethics of staff, which includes teaching ethics, such as lesson planning, and management ethics, such as strict evaluation, and handling of misconduct cases.
They should also “cultivate an environment where teachers are respected by society”, it says.
Under the section on misconduct, the document says staff will be disciplined, or sacked in serious cases, over sexual harassment, academic misconduct or if they are found to be taking bribes, but it does not specify what punishment they could face.academic misconduct 學術不端taking bribes 受賄
A public platform would also be set up for reporting misconduct online. The regulations were released after two professors – one from Peking University and the other from the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics – were sacked last week, in separate cases, over allegations of sexual assault and inappropriate relationships with multiple women. In both cases, women had made claims about the academics in posts that were widely shared on social media, sparking public anger.sexual assault 性侵inappropriate relationship 不正當關係
While the document has been seen by some as a response to such cases from the authorities, women’s rights advocates have questioned whether it goes far enough to address the problem of sexual harassment.
Feng Yuan, a gender studies scholar and co-founder of Beijing-based NGO Equality, said more needed to be done.
“This is only a document for building professional ethics among teachers, not a mechanism to prevent and end sexual harassment,” Feng said. “A mechanism would need to include details of the punishment, plans to train teachers and educate students, channels for complaint, support and services for victims, as well as procedures to handle such incidents.”
Xiao Meili, a feminist activist in Guangzhou, also noted that sexual harassment was a social issue rather than just about the behaviour of an individual.
“[This] is not an ethics issue – the teachers’ morals aren’t the root issue. It’s about the power disparity between teachers and students, and when that power isn’t checked. So the key question should be how to control and supervise the side that is more powerful,” she said.
【相關詞彙】終身禁教 be banned for life from teaching學術不端 academic misconduct 受賄 taking bribes 資格認證 qualification authentication 教育部 Ministry of Education (MOE) 財政部 the Ministry of Finance 師德師風 teachers' ethics and virtues性騷擾 sexual harassment性侵 sexual assault 不正當關係 inappropriate relationship 教育體制改革 reform of the education system德智體美勞全面培養的教育體系an education system which comprehensively fosters the students' all-round moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic grounding with a hard-working spirit
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