python的matplotlib的3种正方体的画法及代码分析

1 说明：

1.1 适合收藏，纯技术性探讨，适合孩子对正方体的认识和自己对编程代码的熟悉。

1.2 python3.8和matplotlib版本问题。

1.3 推荐指数：★★

2 无numpy法

2.1 代码：

<code># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

def cube(x, y, z, dx, dy, dz):
    fig = plt.figure()
    #ax设置背景颜色facecolor='black'为黑色
    ax = Axes3D(fig,facecolor='black')
    
    xx = [x, x, x+dx, x+dx, x]
    yy = [y, y+dy, y+dy, y, y]
    
    #底的四条边
    ax.plot3D(xx, yy, [z] )
    #顶的四条边
    ax.plot3D(xx, yy, [z+dz])
    
    #四条柱或者高
    ax.plot3D([x, x], [y, y], [z, z+dz])
    ax.plot3D([x, x], [y+dy, y+dy], [z, z+dz])
    ax.plot3D([x+dx, x+dx], [y+dy, y+dy], [z, z+dz])
    ax.plot3D([x+dx, x+dx], [y, y], [z, z+dz])

    #坐标及其刻度隐藏
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    #边长100=100=100，正方体
    cube(0, 0, 0, 100, 100, 100)
/<code>

2.2 图：

3 numpy的full_like法

3.1 代码：

<code># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np

#x,y,z是起点坐标，dx,dy,dz是50为边长=长宽高
def numpy_cube_one(x=0, y=0, z=0, dx=50, dy=50, dz=50):
    fig = plt.figure(facecolor='black')
    #ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='3d',facecolor='black')
    #等于下面的这个
    ax = Axes3D(fig,facecolor='black')

    xx = np.linspace(x, x+dx, 2)
    yy = np.linspace(y, y+dy, 2)
    zz = np.linspace(z, z+dz, 2)

    xx2, yy2 = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
    ax.plot_surface(xx2, yy2, np.full_like(xx2, z))
    ax.plot_surface(xx2, yy2, np.full_like(xx2, z+dz))
   
    yy2, zz2 = np.meshgrid(yy, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(np.full_like(yy2, x), yy2, zz2)
    ax.plot_surface(np.full_like(yy2, x+dx), yy2, zz2)

    xx2, zz2= np.meshgrid(xx, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(xx2, np.full_like(yy2, y), zz2)
    ax.plot_surface(xx2, np.full_like(yy2, y+dy), zz2)
    #坐标及其刻度隐藏
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.title("Cube")
    plt.show()
  
if __name__ == "__main__":
    numpy_cube_one()/<code>

3.2 图：

4 numpy的方法二：

4.1 初始代码，应该比较好理解，但是报错，估计与版本有关

#报错： if Z.ndim != 2:

#AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'ndim'

# ndim返回的是数组的维度，返回的只有一个数，该数即表示数组的维度。

4.2 初始代码：

<code># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt 

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np

def numpy_cube_two(x=0, y=0, z=0, dx=50, dy=50, dz=50):
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='3d')

    xx = np.linspace(x, x+dx, 2)
    yy = np.linspace(y, y+dy, 2)
    zz = np.linspace(z, z+dz, 2)
  
    #上下底
    xx, yy = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
    ax.plot_surface(xx, yy, z)
    ax.plot_surface(xx, yy, z+dz)

    yy, zz = np.meshgrid(yy, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(x, yy, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(x+dx, yy, zz)

    xx, zz = np.meshgrid(xx, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(xx, y, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(xx, y+dy, zz)

    plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    numpy_cube_two()/<code>

4.3 遇到问题，那就解决问题呗。

<code># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np

def numpy_cube_two(x=0, y=0, z=0, dx=50, dy=50, dz=50):
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='3d')

    xx = np.linspace(x, x+dx, 2)
    yy = np.linspace(y, y+dy, 2)
    zz = np.linspace(z, z+dz, 2)
  
    #上下底
    xx, yy = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
    
    #----修改后---- 

    z1=np.ones((1,1))
    z2=np.zeros((1,1))
    ax.plot_surface(xx, yy, z1)
    ax.plot_surface(xx, yy, z2)
    #---仍有小bug---

    yy, zz = np.meshgrid(yy, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(x, yy, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(x+dx, yy, zz)

    xx, zz = np.meshgrid(xx, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(xx, y, zz)
    ax.plot_surface(xx, y+dy, zz)

    plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    numpy_cube_two()/<code>

4.4 图

4.5 说明：没有设置背景颜色和去除坐标轴，主要是有一个bug，就是有一个面没有画出，希望有大神指导，谢谢。

5 自己整理出来，仅供学习，欢迎教学相长，一起探讨。

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關鍵字: 欢聚时代 正方体 画法