微信公眾號開發 (2) 消息處理

一、前言

1. 接收消息
2. 回覆消息

二、消息接收

消息接收POST和微信認證GET是同一個接口（開發者填寫的URL）

<code>@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/weixin/index")
@Api(tags = "微信 - 接口")
public class IndexController extends BaseController {

    /**
     * 解析請求消息，post請求
     */
    @PostMapping
    public void msgProcess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        // 獲取請求的字節流
        ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        // 轉換為字符流， 得到緩衝流
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
        String content = null;
        // 讀取消息內容
        while ((content = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(content);
        }
    }

}/<code>

接收到的文本消息格式如下

其它消息格式可查看微信開放文檔：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Receiving_standard_messages.html

<code>
    <tousername>
    <fromusername>
    <createtime>1578996487/<createtime>
    <msgtype>
    <content>
    <msgid>22605792697428179/<msgid>
/<code>

三、消息處理

當用戶發送消息給公眾號時（或某些特定的用戶操作引發的事件推送時），會產生一個POST請求，開發者可以在響應包（Get）中返回特定XML結構，來對該消息進行響應（現支持回覆文本、圖片、圖文、語音、視頻、音樂）。

溫馨小提示：這裡的消息封裝可根據https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Receiving_standard_messages.html中給出的消息格式自行封裝，完整代碼可參考文末給出的源碼哦~

1、封裝消息類型枚舉類

① 請求消息類型

<code>public enum EnumRequestMessageType {
    // 請求消息類型
    TEXT("text", "文本"),
    IMAGE("image", "圖片"),
    VOICE("voice", "語音"),
    VIDEO("video", "視頻"),
    SHORTVIDEO("shortvideo", "小視頻"),
    LOCATION("location", "地理位置"),
    LINK("link", "鏈接"),
    // 事件推送
    EVENT("event", "推送");
}/<code>

② 事件推送類型

<code>public enum EnumEventMessageType {
    SUBSCRIBE("subscribe", "訂閱"),
    UNSUBSCRIBE("unsubscribe", "取消訂閱"),
    CLICK("CLICK", "自定義菜單點擊事件"),
    SCAN("SCAN", "用戶已關注時的事件推送");
}/<code>

③ 響應消息類型

<code>public enum EnumResponseMessageType {
    TEXT("text", "文本"),
    IMAGE("image", "圖片"),
    VOICE("voice", "語音"),
    VIDEO("video", "視頻"),
    MUSIC("music", "音樂"),
    NEWS("news", "圖文");
}/<code>

2、封裝請求消息

① 請求消息基類

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "請求消息-基類")
public class BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "開發者微信號")
    private String ToUserName;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "發送方帳號（一個OpenID）")
    private String FromUserName;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息創建時間 （整型）")
    private long CreateTime;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息id，64位整型")
    private long MsgId;

}/<code>

② 事件推送

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "事件推送")
public class EventMessageDTO extends BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumRequestMessageType.EVENT.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "文本消息內容")
    private String Event;

}/<code>

③ 圖片消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "圖片消息")
public class ImageMessageDTO extends BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumRequestMessageType.IMAGE.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "圖片鏈接（由系統生成）")
    private String PicUrl;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "圖片消息媒體id，可以調用獲取臨時素材接口拉取數據")
    private String MediaId;

}/<code>

④ 鏈接消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "鏈接消息")
public class LinkMessageDTO extends BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumRequestMessageType.LINK.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息標題")
    private String Title;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息描述")
    private String Description;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息鏈接")
    private String Url;

}/<code>

⑤ 地理位置消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "地理位置消息")
public class LocationMessageDTO extends BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumRequestMessageType.LOCATION.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "地理位置維度")
    private String Location_X;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "地理位置經度")
    private String Location_Y;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "地圖縮放大小")
    private String Scale;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "地理位置信息")
    private String Label;

}/<code>

⑥ 小視頻消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "小視頻消息")
public class ShortVideoMessageDTO extends BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumRequestMessageType.SHORTVIDEO.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "視頻消息媒體id，可以調用獲取臨時素材接口拉取數據") 

    private String MediaId;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "視頻消息縮略圖的媒體id，可以調用獲取臨時素材接口拉取數據")
    private String ThumbMediaId;

}/<code>

⑦ 文本消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "文本消息")
public class TextMessageDTO extends BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumRequestMessageType.TEXT.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "文本消息內容")
    private String Content;

}/<code>

⑧ 視頻消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "視頻消息")
public class VideoMessageDTO extends BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumRequestMessageType.VIDEO.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "視頻消息媒體id，可以調用獲取臨時素材接口拉取數據") 

    private String MediaId;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "視頻消息縮略圖的媒體id，可以調用多媒體文件下載接口拉取數據")
    private String ThumbMediaId;

}/<code>

⑨ 語音消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "語音消息")
public class VoiceMessageDTO extends BaseMessageDTO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumRequestMessageType.VOICE.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "語音消息媒體id，可以調用獲取臨時素材接口拉取數據")
    private String MediaId;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "語音格式，如amr，speex等")
    private String Format;

    /**
     * 請注意，開通語音識別後，用戶每次發送語音給公眾號時，微信會在推送的語音消息XML數據包中，
     * 增加一個Recognition字段（注：由於客戶端緩存，開發者開啟或者關閉語音識別功能，對新關注者立刻生效，對已關注用戶需要24小時生效。開發者可以重新關注此帳號進行測試）
     */ 

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "語音識別結果，UTF8編碼")
    private String Recognition;

}/<code>

3、封裝響應消息

① 響應消息基類

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "響應消息-基類")
public class BaseMessageVO { 


    @ApiModelProperty(value = "接收方帳號（收到的OpenID）")
    private String ToUserName;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "開發者微信號")
    private String FromUserName;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息創建時間 （整型）")
    private long CreateTime;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "位0x0001被標誌時，星標剛收到的消息")
    private int FuncFlag = 0;

}/<code>

② 圖片消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "圖片消息")
public class ImageMessageVO extends BaseMessageVO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumResponseMessageType.IMAGE.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "圖片")
    private Image Image;

    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "圖片消息中Image類的定義")
    public static class Image {

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "通過素材管理中的接口上傳多媒體文件，得到的id")
        private String MediaId;

    } 


}/<code>

③ 音樂消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "音樂消息")
public class MusicMessageVO extends BaseMessageVO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumResponseMessageType.MUSIC.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "音樂")
    private Music Music;

    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "音樂消息中Music類的定義")
    public static class Music {

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "音樂標題")
        private String Title;

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "音樂描述")
        private String Description;

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "音樂鏈接")
        private String MusicUrl;

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "高質量音樂鏈接，WIFI環境優先使用該鏈接播放音樂")
        private String HQMusicUrl;

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "縮略圖的媒體id，通過素材管理中的接口上傳多媒體文件，得到的id")
        private String ThumbMediaId;

    } 


}/<code>

④ 圖文消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "圖文消息")
public class NewsMessageVO extends BaseMessageVO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumResponseMessageType.NEWS.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "圖文消息個數；當用戶發送文本、圖片、視頻、圖文、地理位置這五種消息時，開發者只能回覆1條圖文消息；其餘場景最多可回覆8條圖文消息")
    private int ArticleCount = 0;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "圖文消息信息，注意，如果圖文數超過限制，則將只發限制內的條數")
    private List<article> Articles;

    @Data
    @ApiModel(description = "圖文消息中Article類的定義")
    public static class Article {

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "圖文消息標題")
        private String Title;

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "圖文消息描述")
        private String Description = "";

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "圖片鏈接，支持JPG、PNG格式，較好的效果為大圖360*200，小圖200*200")
        private String PicUrl = ""; 


        @ApiModelProperty(value = "點擊圖文消息跳轉鏈接")
        private String Url = "";

    }

    public void addArticle(Article article) {
        if (Articles == null) {
            Articles = Lists.newLinkedList();
        }
        Articles.add(article);
        ArticleCount++;
    }

}/<article>/<code>

⑤ 文本消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "文本消息")
public class TextMessageVO extends BaseMessageVO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumResponseMessageType.TEXT.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "回覆的消息內容（換行：在content中能夠換行，微信客戶端就支持換行顯示）")
    private String Content;

}/<code>

⑥ 視頻消息

<code>@Data 

@ApiModel(description = "視頻消息")
public class VideoMessageVO extends BaseMessageVO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumResponseMessageType.VIDEO.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "視頻")
    private Video Video;

    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "視頻消息中Voice類的定義")
    public static class Video {

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "通過素材管理中的接口上傳多媒體文件，得到的id")
        private String MediaId;

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "視頻消息的標題")
        private String Title;

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "視頻消息的描述")
        private String Description;

    }

}/<code>

⑦ 語音消息

<code>@Data
@ApiModel(description = "語音消息")
public class VoiceMessageVO extends BaseMessageVO {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "消息類型", hidden = true)
    private String MsgType = EnumResponseMessageType.VOICE.getType();

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "語音")
    private Voice Voice; 


    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "語音消息中Voice類的定義")
    public static class Voice {

        @ApiModelProperty(value = "通過素材管理中的接口上傳多媒體文件，得到的id")
        private String MediaId;

    }

}/<code>

4、消息處理工具類

① pom.xml中引入所需依賴

<code>

<dependency>
    <groupid>org.dom4j/<groupid>
    <artifactid>dom4j/<artifactid>
    <version>2.1.1/<version>
/<dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupid>jaxen/<groupid>
    <artifactid>jaxen/<artifactid>
    <version>1.1.6/<version>
/<dependency>

 


<dependency>
    <groupid>com.thoughtworks.xstream/<groupid>
    <artifactid>xstream/<artifactid>
    <version>1.4.11.1/<version>
/<dependency>/<code>

② 工具類

1. 解析微信發來的請求（xml）
2. 將響應消息的Java對象轉換成xml

<code>public class MessageUtil {

    /**
     * 解析微信發來的請求（XML）
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static Map<string> parseXml(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        // 將解析結果存儲在HashMap中
        Map<string> map = new HashMap<>(10);

        // 從request中取得輸入流
        InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        // 讀取輸入流
        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
        Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
        // 得到xml根元素
        Element root = document.getRootElement();
        // 得到根元素的所有子節點 

        List<element> elementList = root.elements();

        // 遍歷所有子節點
        for (Element e : elementList) {
            map.put(e.getName(), e.getText());
        }

        // 釋放資源
        inputStream.close();
        inputStream = null;
        return map;
    }

    /**
     * 文本消息對象轉換成xml
     *
     * @param textMessageVO 文本消息對象   XStream是一個Java對象和XML相互轉換的工具
     * @return xml
     */
    public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessageVO textMessageVO) {
        xstream.alias("xml", textMessageVO.getClass());
        return xstream.toXML(textMessageVO);
    }

    /**
     * 圖片消息對象轉換成xml
     *
     * @param imageMessageVO 圖片消息對象
     * @return xml
     */
    public static String imageMessageToXml(ImageMessageVO imageMessageVO) {
        xstream.alias("xml", imageMessageVO.getClass());
        return xstream.toXML(imageMessageVO);
    }

    /**
     * 語音消息對象轉換成xml
     *
     * @param voiceMessageVO 語音消息對象
     * @return xml
     */
    public static String voiceMessageToXml(VoiceMessageVO voiceMessageVO) {
        xstream.alias("xml", voiceMessageVO.getClass());
        return xstream.toXML(voiceMessageVO); 

    }

    /**
     * 視頻消息對象轉換成xml
     *
     * @param videoMessageVO 視頻消息對象
     * @return xml
     */
    public static String videoMessageToXml(VideoMessageVO videoMessageVO) {
        xstream.alias("xml", videoMessageVO.getClass());
        return xstream.toXML(videoMessageVO);
    }

    /**
     * 音樂消息對象轉換成xml
     *
     * @param musicMessage 音樂消息對象
     * @return xml
     */
    public static String musicMessageToXml(MusicMessageVO musicMessage) {
        xstream.alias("xml", musicMessage.getClass());
        return xstream.toXML(musicMessage);
    }

    /**
     * 圖文消息對象轉換成xml
     *
     * @param newsMessage 圖文消息對象
     * @return xml
     */
    public static String newsMessageToXml(NewsMessageVO newsMessage) {
        xstream.alias("xml", newsMessage.getClass());
        xstream.alias("item", NewsMessageVO.Article.class);
        return xstream.toXML(newsMessage);
    }

    /**
     * 擴展xstream，使其支持CDATA塊
     */
    private static XStream xstream = new XStream(new XppDriver() {
        @Override
        public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out) {
            return new PrettyPrintWriter(out) {
                // 對所有xml節點的轉換都增加CDATA標記 

                boolean cdata = true;

                @Override
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                public void startNode(String name, Class clazz) {
                    super.startNode(name, clazz);
                }

                @Override
                protected void writeText(QuickWriter writer, String text) {
                    if (cdata) {
                        writer.write("                        writer.write(text);
                        writer.write("]]>");
                    } else {
                        writer.write(text);
                    }
                }
            };
        }
    });

}/<element>/<string>/<string>/<code>

四、回覆消息

1、回覆文本消息

<code>@PostMapping
public void msgProcess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
     // 將請求、響應的編碼均設置為UTF-8（防止中文亂碼）
     request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
     response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
     // 調用核心業務類接收消息、處理消息
     String respMessage = msgService.processRequest(request);
     // 響應消息
     PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); 

     out.print(respMessage);
     out.close();
 }/<code>

其中的processRequest消息處理方法邏輯如下

<code>@Slf4j
@Service
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public class MsgServiceImpl implements IMsgService {

    @Override
    public String processRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String respMessage = null;
        try {
            // xml請求解析
            Map<string> requestMap = MessageUtil.parseXml(request);

            // 發送方帳號（open_id）
            String fromUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");
            // 公眾帳號
            String toUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");
            // 消息類型
            String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");

            // 回覆文本消息
            TextMessageVO textMessage = new TextMessageVO();
            textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
            textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
            textMessage.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
            textMessage.setMsgType(EnumResponseMessageType.TEXT.getType());

            // 默認返回的文本消息內容
            String respContent = "請求處理異常，請稍候重試！";

            // 事件推送
            if (EnumRequestMessageType.getEnum(msgType) == EnumRequestMessageType.EVENT) {
                // 事件類型
                String eventType = requestMap.get("Event");
                switch (EnumEventMessageType.getEnum(eventType)) {
                    // 訂閱
                    case SUBSCRIBE:
                        respContent = "親，感謝您的關注！"; 

                        break;
                    // 取消訂閱
                    case UNSUBSCRIBE:
                        // TODO 取消訂閱後用戶再收不到公眾號發送的消息，因此不需要回復消息
                        break;
                    // 自定義菜單點擊事件
                    case CLICK:
                        // TODO 自定義菜單未實現，暫不處理該類消息
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            } else {
                respContent = EnumRequestMessageType.getEnum(msgType).getTypeValue();
            }
            textMessage.setContent(respContent);
            respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(textMessage);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return respMessage;
    }
    
}/<string>/<code>

測試

2、 原樣返回消息內容

原樣返回消息內容，可調用IMsgService中的processRequestReturnSameMsg方法

<code>public String processRequestReturnSameMsg(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String respMessage = null;
    try {
        // xml請求解析
        Map<string> requestMap = MessageUtil.parseXml(request);

        // 發送方帳號（open_id）
        String fromUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");
        // 公眾帳號
        String toUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");
        // 消息類型
        String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");

        // 回覆消息
        BaseMessageVO baseMessageVO = new BaseMessageVO();
        baseMessageVO.setToUserName(fromUserName);
        baseMessageVO.setFromUserName(toUserName);
        baseMessageVO.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());

        switch (EnumRequestMessageType.getEnum(msgType)) {
            // 文本消息
            case TEXT:
                TextMessageVO textMessageVO = BeanUtil.copyProperties(baseMessageVO, TextMessageVO.class);
                textMessageVO.setContent(requestMap.get("Content"));
                respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(textMessageVO);
                break;
            // 圖片消息
            case IMAGE:
                ImageMessageVO imageMessageVO = BeanUtil.copyProperties(baseMessageVO, ImageMessageVO.class);
                ImageMessageVO.Image image = new ImageMessageVO.Image(requestMap.get("MediaId"));
                imageMessageVO.setImage(image);
                respMessage = MessageUtil.imageMessageToXml(imageMessageVO);
                break;
            // 語音消息
            case VOICE:
                VoiceMessageVO voiceMessageVO = BeanUtil.copyProperties(baseMessageVO, VoiceMessageVO.class);
                VoiceMessageVO.Voice voice = new VoiceMessageVO.Voice(requestMap.get("MediaId"));
                voiceMessageVO.setVoice(voice); 

                respMessage = MessageUtil.voiceMessageToXml(voiceMessageVO);
                break;
            // 事件推送
            case EVENT:
                // 事件類型
                String eventType = requestMap.get("Event");
                switch (EnumEventMessageType.getEnum(eventType)) {
                    // 訂閱
                    case SUBSCRIBE:
                        NewsMessageVO newsMessage = BeanUtil.copyProperties(baseMessageVO, NewsMessageVO.class);
                        NewsMessageVO.Article article = new NewsMessageVO.Article();
                        article.setTitle("感謝您的關注，這是一條圖文消息！");
                        article.setDescription("mysql轉oracle筆記");
                        article.setPicUrl("https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/iaUVVC0premhqE0TrtLzM6ABMIKKjnu81hraZvXia52byYMqADCyqXKwbs2wJ6jiadWc7MypLKL4EC5mUzXZKH2Rg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1");
                        article.setUrl("https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzg2NzEwMjc3Ng==&mid=2247483813&idx=1&sn=7a18081426d014ddccd203d33011f526&chksm=ce41f8f2f93671e4fc5d93292360fd24da4cf1434415befc37f25be2d40780b4a485653861d8&mpshare=1&scene=1&srcid=&sharer_sharetime=1579140222251&sharer_shareid=936076bf8d5bee83e89fd7e769b5c6db&key=c62bc26d01d4cb91d588b8abdeaca0fbba6d713fbc52e3b4c4a9f0377e231e0fe6b4ce07f287f509e37cefa17a0346475f12d85e21bcdbb8e953d0685018a874fbd80005417e94836ad9b0ff7559b334&ascene=1&uin=MTg4MzA0MzMxNA%3D%3D&devicetype=Windows+7&version=62070158&lang=zh_CN&exportkey=AYq%2FJJZv5hRr7YLluyVInZk%3D&pass_ticket=vCPgwidZSOs1xBfcd5SrzkCdVlApSWF7Xc%2BOzjYf8GlJ9%2BLQco9XYzTHe9yWHqc1");
                        newsMessage.addArticle(article);
                        respMessage = MessageUtil.newsMessageToXml(newsMessage);
                        break;
                    // 取消訂閱
                    case UNSUBSCRIBE:
                        // TODO 取消訂閱後用戶再收不到公眾號發送的消息，因此不需要回復消息
                        break;
                    // 自定義菜單點擊事件
                    case CLICK:
                        // TODO 自定義菜單未實現，暫不處理該類消息
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return respMessage;
}/<string>/<code>

測試

就這樣一個簡單的接受消息與回覆消息就完成了，關於消息處理我們可以根據微信提供的官方文檔去學習即可~

本文案例demo源碼

https://gitee.com/zhengqingya/java-workspace

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