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狀語從句
狀語從句有時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較和讓步狀語從句，共9種，是每年必考的語法項目，主要考查連詞的判斷選用，主句與從句謂語動詞的時態運用。其中，以對時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和結果狀語從句的考查最為頻繁。近幾年，重點考查的連詞有：when，while，as，before，unless，however等。近三年，高考有考查狀語從句、賓語從句、名詞性從句交叉運用的題型出現。
1．(2013·北京，30)I took my driving license with me on holiday，________I wanted to hire a car.
A．in case B．even if
C．ever since D．if only
解析 考查狀語從句。句意：假期時我帶上我的駕照，以防萬一我想租一輛車。故選A。
答案 A
2．(2013·湖南，23)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason________you reach any decision.
A．although B．before C．because D．unless
解析 考查狀語從句。根據句意：在你做任何決定之前，你得學會顧及到你的感覺和你做此決定的原因，可知答案為B(在……之前)。
答案 B
3．(2013·江蘇，28)In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，________it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A．whatever B．whoever C．wherever D．whichever
解析 考查狀語從句。此處考查－ever引導的讓步狀語從句。通過分析從句，可知句子不缺少主幹成分，故排除代詞A、B、D三項，故答案選C。
答案 C
4．(2013·江西，28)She says that she'll have to close the shop ________ business improves.
A．if B．unless C．after D．when
解析 考查狀語從句。根據句意：如果生意沒有好轉，她就只得關店鋪。unless＝if...not(如果不)，故答案選B。
答案 B
5．(2013·遼寧，24)One can always manage to do more things，no matter________full one's schedule is in life.
A．how B．what C．when D．where
解析 考查狀語從句。此處考查no matter...引導的讓步狀語從句。副詞how修飾形容詞或副詞，橫線後為形容詞full，故選how。no matter how＝ however(無論如何)。
答案 A
6．(2013·山東，26)Mark needs to learn Chinese________his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A．unless B．until C．although D．since
解析 考查狀語從句。句意：Mark需要學習漢語是因為他的公司要在北京開分公司。連詞since表“由於，因為”符合語境。
答案 D
7．(2013·山東，28)________I have to give a speech，I get extremely nervous before I start.
A．Whatever B．Whenever C．Whoever D．However
解析 考查狀語從句。句意：每當我得做演講的時候，開始之前我就會變得極度的緊張。根據句意選B(每當，無論什麼時候)。
答案 B
8．(2013·陝西，18)I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad.
A．since B．until C．before D．when
解析 考查狀語從句。根據句意及主從句時態即可判斷為A項，因為since從句用一般過去時，主句用現在完成時。句意：自從我從國外回來，我已經聽說了關於你的許多好的事情。
答案 A
9．(2013·四川，7)He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son________he wants to.
A．even if B．as if C．because D．before
解析 考查狀語從句。根據句意：他如此繁忙。他不可能抽出足夠的時間來陪他的兒子——即便是他想那樣做。可知答案選A。
答案 A
10．(2013·重慶，25)________ we have enough evidence，we can't win the case.
A．Once B．As long as C．Unless D．Since
解析 考查狀語從句。根據句意：除非我們有足夠的證據，否則這個案子我們不能取勝，可知選C。
答案 C
【典例1】 He smiled politely ________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.(2012·山東)
A．as B．if C．unless D．though
解析 考查時間狀語從句。句意：當Mary為她醉酒的朋友而道歉的時候，他有禮貌地笑了笑。此處as引導時間狀語從句，表示“當……的時候”。
答案 A
【典例2】 He had no sooner finished his speech________ the students started cheering.(2011·遼寧)
A．since B．as
C．when D．than
解析 考查時間狀語從句。此句含有一個固定句型，即no sooner...than...“一……就……”。句意：他的演講剛結束同學們就歡呼起來。
答案 D
【典例3】 I'm sorry you've been waiting so long，but it'll still be some time ________ Brian gets back.(2008·北京)
A．before B．since C．till D．after
解析 考查狀語從句。本題使用了“it be＋一段時間＋before引導的從句”句型，表示“在……之前還需要一段時間，一段時間之後發生某事”。後面句子的含義：不過Brian還要過一會兒才能回來。
答案 A
1．(2011·四川)As is reported，it is 100 years ________ Qinghua University was founded.
A．when B．before C．after D．since
解析 根據主從句中用的時態、主句中的“100 years”以及從句中的“was founded”可知，這顯然用的是“It be＋一段時間＋since...”這一句型。since與短暫性動詞連用，表示“自……以來已有多長時間”；since與延續性動詞連用，表示“自從不做某事有多長時間了”。本句中的“founded”是一個短暫性動詞，從動作發生時算起。句意：正如所報道的，自清華大學建立以來已有100年的時間了。
答案 D
2．(2010·新課標全國)Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal.
A．so that B．although C．while D．as if
解析 考查狀語從句中連詞的選擇。句意：趁客人們正在吃飯，瑪麗煮好了咖啡。while表示“在……期間”，符合語意。
答案 C
3．(2010·福建)The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A．before B．until C．as D．since
解析 這個女孩剛一(幾乎還沒有)按門鈴，門突然就被打開了，她的朋友衝出來迎接她。hardly...before“幾乎還沒有……就……”，“剛一……就……”，暗含“快”的意思。
答案 A
1．before的譯法
before的基本意義是“在……之前”，但在不同的語境中可靈活翻譯為“(沒過多久)就……”，“(過多久)才……”，“還沒來得及……就……”，“趁……(還沒有)時”。例如：
It won't be long before the problem is solved.
用不了多久這個問題就能解決。
It was two years before we met again.
我們兩年後才再次見面。
She shut the door before I could say a word.
我還沒來得及說句話，她就把門關上了。
We have to act quickly before things become worse.
我們必須趁事態還沒惡化時儘快採取行動。
2．可引導時間狀語從句的名詞詞組及副詞
名詞詞組the moment，the instant，the minute，the first time，each time，every time等以及副詞immediately，instantly等也可起從屬連詞的作用，引導時間狀語從句。例如：
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次給旅行團作講解時，我感覺很不好。
The fans cheered loudly the moment their favourite singer appeared on stage.
喜歡的歌手一上臺，歌迷們就大聲歡呼。
I'll inform you immediately there's any change.
如果情況有變，我會馬上通知你。
【典例4】 —Since you like the car so much，why not buy it?
—________，I can't afford it.
A．As I like it much B．Much as I like it
C．I like it as much D．As much I like it
解析 as引導讓步狀語從句，需要將作表語的名詞或形容詞、作狀語的副詞或動詞原形提到句首，引起倒裝。句意：——既然你如此喜歡那輛車，為什麼不買呢？——儘管我很喜歡，但是我買不起。
答案 B
【典例5】 ________ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.(2012·湖南)
A．However B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Whenever
解析 考查狀語從句。空格後面的hard是副詞，所以選However，However在此引導讓步狀語從句。句意：不論你怎麼努力，你如果不減少進食的量就很難減肥。
答案 A
【典例6】 ________ volleyball is her main focus，she's also great at basketball.(2011·北京)
A．Since B．Once C．Unless D．While
解析 考查讓步狀語從句。根據主句內容可知，她也擅長打籃球，由此可知排球是她的強項，故選while“儘管”引導讓步狀語從句。不少考生不知while有此含義，容易誤選其他選項。
答案 D
4．________ he comes or not，the result will be the same.
A．Even if B．Whether C．No matter D．Although
解析 whether...or...引導讓步狀語從句。句意：不論他來還是不來，結果都一樣。
答案 B
5．________ the jewels were locked in a strong box，the thieves stole them without any difficulty.
A．If B．Unless C．Although D．Because
解析 句意：儘管珠寶被鎖在一個結實的箱子裡，小偷還是毫不費力地偷走了它們。故此處用Although引導讓步狀語從句。
答案 C
6．________，Carolina couldn't get the door open.
A．Try as she might B．As she might try
C．She might try as D．Might as she try
解析 此處as引導讓步狀語從句，把謂語的一部分即動詞try提到句首。故答案為A。
答案 A
as引導的讓步狀語從句
as引導讓步狀語從句時，要把作表語的形容詞、名詞，作狀語的副詞或謂語的一部分提到句首，如果是單數名詞作表語，把它提到句首時，其前不用冠詞。具體分為以下幾類：
1“名詞＋as＋主語＋其他”構成讓步狀語從句，單數名詞前不加冠詞。如：
Scientist as he is，he is still as modest as before.不能用although，scientist前不用冠詞
2“動詞＋as＋主語＋其他”構成讓步狀語從句。如：
Struggle as he might，he was not able to get out.不能用although
3“形容詞＋as＋主語＋其他”構成讓步狀語從句。如：
Crazy as his ideas may sound，some people think there is something in them.不能用although
4“副詞＋as＋主語＋謂語”構成讓步狀語從句。如：
Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.不能用although
【典例7】 I have a tight budget for the trip，so I'm not going to fly ________ the airlines lower ticket prices.(2012·上海，32)
A．once B．if C．after D．unless
解析 句意：我旅行的預算很吃緊，所以不打算坐飛機，除非航空公司降低票價。考查狀語從句。unless相當於if...not，符合前後句的邏輯。
答案 D
【典例8】 One's life has value ________ one brings value to the life of others.(2012·江蘇，30)
A．so that B．no matter how
C．as long as D．except that
解析 句意：只要一個人給其他人的生活帶來了價值，他的生命就有價值。本題考查條件狀語從句。so that以便；no matter how無論如何；as long as只要；except that除了。
答案 C
【典例9】 You can borrow my car ________ you promise not to drive too fast.(2012·江西，31)
A．unless B．even if
C．in case D．as long as
解析 句意：只要你答應不開得太快，我就可以把車借給你。本題考查條件狀語從句。unless＝if...not如果不；even if即使；in case以防，以上三項均不符合語境。
答案 D
7．(2012·福建，30)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ________ it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A．if B．unless C．because D．since
解析 句意：希臘政府很難克服目前的困難，除非從歐盟獲取更多的經濟支持。本題考查條件狀語從句。if如果；unless除非；because因為；since自從。
答案 B
8．—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don't mind where we go ________ there's sun，sea and beach.
A．as if B．as long as
C．now that D．in order that
解析 句意：——你們暑假有什麼打算？——我們去什麼地方都行，只要有陽光、大海和沙灘就可以了。as long as只要，引導條件狀語從句；as if好像，now that既然，in order that為了，均不符合語境要求。
答案 B
9．—Do you have a minute？I've got something to tell you.
—OK，________ you make it short.
A．now that B．if only
C．so long as D．every time
解析 句意：——你有時間嗎？我有事要給你說。——好的，只要你長話短說。考查一組短語作連詞的用法。now that既然，由於，引導原因狀語從句；if only要是……就好了，用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反的情況；so long as只要，表示條件；every time每次，每當，表示時間。
答案 C
1．條件狀語從句的引導詞
引導條件狀語從句的詞(組)主要有if“如果”，unless“如果不，除非”，so/as long as“只要”，on condition that“只要，條件是”，providing/provided(that)“假如”，in case(that)“如果”。
注意：條件狀語從句中的if不能用whether替換。
2．if only與only if之間的區別
(1)if only意為“但願，要是……就好了”，其後常用虛擬語氣。
If only he had followed the doctor's advice，he would not suffer so much now.
(2)only if意為“只要，只有”引導真實條件句。置於句首時，其後的主句要用部分倒裝語序。
Only if you finish your work before nine can you go out to play.
【典例10】 A number of high buildings have arisen ________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.(2012·山東)
A．when B．where C．before D．until
解析 句意：很多高樓在一年前還是廢墟的地方拔地而起。where引導地點狀語從句；而when，before和until都引導時間狀語從句。
答案 B
【典例11】 Leave your key with your neighbor ________ you lock yourself out one day.(2012·遼寧)
A．as long as B．even though
C．in case D．as if
解析 句意：留一把鑰匙給你的鄰居，以防哪天你把自己鎖在門外。根據句意可知，此處用in case引導目的狀語從句，in case表示“以防，免得”。
答案 C
【典例12】 —Did you return Fred's call?
—I didn't need to ________ I'll see him tomorrow.
A．though B．unless C．when D．because
解析 句意：——你給Fred回電話了嗎？——我沒必要回，因為明天我就會見到他。though雖然；unless除非；when當……的時候；because因為。
答案 D
【典例13】 Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him ________ he had done something very clever.(2011·湖南)
A．as if B．in case C．while D．thought
解析 句意：Jack什麼也沒說，但老師向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聰明的事情一樣。as if意為“似乎，好像”，引導方式狀語從句。
答案 A
【典例14】 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，________ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A．as B．which C．when D．though
解析 從語境看，這裡用as引導方式狀語從句，表示“正如，就像”，從句的主語較長，為了保持句子結構的平衡而使用了倒裝語序，正確的語序是：as many businessmen...do。
答案 A
10．(2011·山東)He had his camera ready ________ he saw something that would make a good picture.
A．even if B．if only C．in case D．so that
解析 句意：他準備好了相機，萬一看見能拍一張好照片的東西(就可以拍下來了)。結合語意可知應選in case，意為“以防，萬一”。even if即使；if only要是……就好了；so that表結果或目的。
答案 C
11．(2010·重慶)Today，we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
A．when B．where
C．how D．what
解析 where在此引導地點狀語從句。
答案 B
12．________ unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
A．Before B．Where C．Unless D．Until
解析 where引導地點狀語從句，表示在失業率與犯罪率高的地方，犯罪都是由失業引起的。
答案 B
13．You'd better not leave the medicine ________ kids can get at it.
A．even if B．which C．where D．so that
解析 句意：你最好不要把藥放到孩子們能夠到的地方。這裡where引導的是地點狀語從句。
答案 C
1．原因狀語從句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing(that)，considering that等引導。
—Mum，could I go out to play now?
—Let me see...Yes，since you have finished all your school assignments.
——媽媽，現在我可以出去玩嗎？
——讓我想想，是的，既然你已經把所有的學習任務完成。
Now that you have grown up，you must do it by yourself.既然你已經長大了，就必須自己做這件事。
Considering that I have told you three times，you must know it.鑑於我已經告訴你三次，你一定知道它。
2．so that引導目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句的區別：引導目的狀語從句時，從句的謂語部分常有情態動詞can，may，could等；引導結果狀語從句時，從句的謂語部分一般沒有情態動詞。例如：
We got up early so that we could catch the train.
我們起得早，以便能趕上火車。(表目的)
We got up early so that we caught the train.
我們起得早，結果趕上了火車。(表結果)
1．In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help ________ there is human suffering.
A．whoever B．however C．whatever D．wherever
解析 wherever引導修飾謂語send的地點狀語從句。
答案 D
2．If you are traveling ________ the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do.
A．in which B．what C．when D．where
解析 where引導修飾謂語are traveling的地點狀語從句。
答案 D
3．________，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A．A quiet student as he may be
B．Quiet student as he may be
C．Be a quiet student as he may
D．Quiet as he may be a student
解析 as引導讓步狀語從句應該倒裝，本題中需要放在as之前的部分應該是整個表語部分並且要省略student前的不定冠詞(若要保留該不定冠詞，則應將其置於quiet與student之間。)
答案 B
4．A man cannot smile like a child，________ a child smiles with his eyes，while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A．so B．but C．and D．for
解析 空格處之後的句子補充說明“a man cannot smile like a child”的原因，應選用for表原因。
答案 D
5．Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，________ they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if B．now that
C．even though D．so that
解析 “Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice”和“they knew it to be valuable”意思相反，四個選項中引導讓步狀語從句的even though最為適合。
答案 C
6．—Where's that report?
—I brought it to you ________ you were in Mr.Black's office yesterday.
A．if B．when C．because D．before
解析 該空表示“當……的時候”，因此應填when引導時間狀語從句。
答案 B
7．The village has developed a lot ________ we learned farming two years ago.
A．when B．which C．that D．where
解析 由語境邏輯可以推出這個村子在我們兩年前學習農業技術的地方它發展得很快，因此該空應填where引導地點狀語從句。
答案 D
8．________ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A．Since B．Unless C．As D．Although
解析 空格處應引導讓步狀語從句，填入although最為合適。
答案 D
9．________ I really don't like art, I find his work impressive.
A．As B．Since C．If D．While
解析 該空表示“儘管”，因此應填While引導讓步狀語從句。
答案 D
10．________ hard one may work, one cannot master a foreign language in a month or two.
A．Whenever B．Wherever
C．Whatever D．However
解析 however在此修飾hard，表示“無論怎麼”，引導讓步狀語從句。
答案 D
11．People who are really in need of houses will suffer heavy losses ________ the government takes measures to bring down house prices.
A．if B．in case C．unless D．since
解析 此句是條件狀語從句。
答案 C
12．You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence.
A．before B．once C．until D．though
解析 自信是成功採訪的條件，因此該空應填once引導條件狀語從句。
答案 B
13．Owen wouldn't eat anything ________ he cooked it himself.
A．until B．since C．unless D．while
解析 句意：歐文不吃任何東西，除非這種東西是他自己親自烹飪的。unless“除非”，符合語境。
答案 C
14．The medicine works more effectively ________ you drink some hot water after taking it.
A．as B．until C．although D．if
解析 句意：如果你在吃藥後喝一些開水的話，這種藥的效果更明顯。if引導條件狀語從句。
答案 D
15．________ the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.
A．Although B．As long as
C．If only D．As soon as
解析 根據句意，引導讓步狀語從句。故選A。
答案 A
16．John shut everybody out of the kitchen ________ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A．which B．when C．so that D．as if
解析 so that引導目的狀語從句。
答案 C
17．I would appreciate it ________ you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.
A．until B．if C．when D．that
解析 if引導條件狀語從句。
答案 B
18．As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，________.
A．the more for life are you equipped
B．the more equipped for life you are
C．the more life you are equipped for
D．you are equipped the more for life
解析 本句是the more...the more...句型，第二個比較級修飾形容詞equipped。
答案 B
19．Scientists generally agree that Earth's climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since Ice Age.
A．so long as B．as much as
C．as long as D．as well as
解析 這是一個表示同級比較的比較狀語從句，因比較的對象是上升的溫度，所以B項最佳。
答案 B
20．________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A．So successful her business was
B．So successful was her business
C．So her business was successful
D．So was her successful business
解析 句中so...that...結構置於句首引導結果狀語從句，因此應使用不完全倒裝句型。
答案 B
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